国际商法专业词汇中英文对照表.pptx

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国际经济法专业术语中英文互译

国际经济法专业术语中英文互译

国际经济法专业术语中英文互译1. EXW工厂交货(指定地点)2. FCA:货交承运人(指定地点)3. FAS:船边交货(指定装运港)4. FOB:船上交货(指定装运港)5. CFR::成本加运费(指定目的港6. CIF::成本、保险加运费(指定目的港)7. CPT;:运费付至(指定目的地)8. DAF:边境交货(指定地点)9. DES::目的港船上交货(指定目的港)10. DEQ;目的港码头交货(指定目的港11. DDU:未完税交货(指定目的地)12. DDP:完税交货(指定目的地)13. Offer::要约14. Offer or;:要约人;报价人;发盘人15. Offeree:受要约人;接盘人,受盘人;被发价人16. Invitation for offer:要约邀请;发盘邀请17. Subject to our final confirmation:需经我方最后确认18. Cross offer:交叉发盘;交叉报价;交错报价;交叉发价19. Withdrawal:要约的撤回20. Revocability::发价的撤销21. Counter-offer;还价;还盘;反要约22. Acceptance:接受;接纳;承兑;赞同23. Mail box rule:投递生效原则24. Receive of the letter of acceptance rule:到达生效原则25. Late acceptance::迟到的承诺; 逾期承诺26. Identified to the contract:将货物特定化;将货物划定在该项合同项下(将货物划作履行某一合同的标的)27. Shipping documents;装运单据;货运单据;船运单据28. Sale by description;凭文字说明买卖29. Sale by sample:凭样品买卖30. Fundamental breach of contract根本违约;重大违约31. Anticipatory breach先期违约32. Specific performance实际履行33. Breach of condition违反条件条款34. Breach of warranty违反担保条款35. Unconditionally appropriated to the contract无条件地划拨于合同项下36. Reserve the right of disposal保留对货物的处分权37. To the order of the seller or his agent:以卖方或其代理人的名字为抬头的提单;凭卖方或其代理人指示的提单38. Sale on approval::试销;试用买卖39. Floating cargo::在途货物;水运途中的货物40. Quality to be considered as being about equal to the sample符合样品凭规格、等级或标准买卖41. Sales by specification, grade or standard凭规格、等级或标准买卖42. Fair average quality符合通常目的;中等品;良好平均品质(国际上买卖农副产品时常用此标准)43. Sales by brand of trade mark44. More or less clause溢短装条款;或多或少条款45. Bulk cargo:散装货46. Nude cargo裸散货,裸装货,裸包装47. Gross for net:以毛重作净重,以毛作净48. US $500 Per M/T CIF New York每吨500美元,CIF(到岸价)纽约49. Fixed price定价;标价;固定价格50. Sliding-scale按滑动费率支付专利权税51. Time of shipment装运时间,装船时间52. Time of delivery交货时间,交付时间53. Advice of shipment:装运通知,装船通知54. Insurance to be effected by the buyer保险由买方办理55. Inspection and claim clause检查与索赔条款56. Upon arrival of port of destination到达目的港后57. After discharge of the goods at the port of destination到达目的港卸货后58. Inspection certificate of quality质量检验证书;品质检验证书59. Inspection certificate of weight:重量检验证书60. Sanitary inspection certificate卫生检验证书61. Veterinary inspection certificate兽医检验证书;动物检疫证书62. Plant quarantine certification植物( 病虫害)检疫证明63. Force majeure clause不可抗力条款64. Arbitration仲裁,公断65. Bill of lading提单66. Charter-party:租船合同67. Gencon航次租船合同68. Baltime巴尔的摩定期租船合同69. Prima facie evidence:初步证据70. Conclusive evidence绝对证据;最后证据;决定性证据71. Shipped or on board bill of lading已装船提单72. Received for shipment B/L备运提单;收货待运提单73. Clean B/L清洁提单74. Claused B/L, or Foul B/L不清洁提单75. Letter of Indemnity保函;保证书76. Open B/L, Bearer B/L不记名提单;77. Oder b/L指示提单78. Direct B/L:直达提单79. Ocean through B/L:海上联运提单80. Liner B/L:班轮提单81. Charter B/L:租船提单82. Negotiable quality:流通性;可转让性83. Assignor:转让人;出让人84. Assignee:受让人;代理人;受托人85. Endorsement in blank :空白背书;不记名背书86. Special endorsement:记名背书87. Due diligence:特别背书应有的谨慎;应有的注意88. Seaworthiness 船舶适航89. Cargoworthiness 适货90. Latent defect 潜在缺陷91. From tackle to tackle 钩到钩92. Deviation 绕行93. Voyage Charter 航次租船94. Time charter 定期租船合同95. Charter by demise 光船租船96. Laytime 装卸时间97. Demurrage 滞期费98. Dispatch money 速遣费99. Lien 留置权100. Trading limits 航区限制101. Chartered period 特许期限102. Employment and indemnity雇用及赔偿(条款)103. Payment of hire 租金104. Off hire 停租105. Air consignment 航空托运106. Air waybill 航空货运单107. Successive carriers 连续承运人108. Actrual carrier 实际承运人109. International multimodal transport 国际多式联运110. Container 集装箱111. Uniform liability principle统一赔偿责任原则112. Network liability principle网状责任制113. Insurable interest 保险利益114. Disclosure of material facts 重要事实披露115. Material representation116. insurance policy 保险单117. Accidents 意外事故118. Total loss 全损119. Partial loss 部分损失120. General average 共同海损121. Particular average 单独海损122. Actual total loss 实际全损123. Constructive total loss 推定全损124. Sue and labor expenses 施救费用125. Salvage charge 救助费用126. Free from particular average (FPA) 平安险127. With particular average (WPA) 水渍险128. All risks 一切险129. Subrogation 代位130. Abandonment 委付131. Export credits guarantee 出口信贷担保132. Negotiable instruments可转让票据133. Predecessor 前手134. Promissory note 本票135. Draft 汇票136. Drawer 出票人137. Drawee 付款人138. Payee 收款人139. Issue 出票140. Sight bill 即期汇票141. After sight 见票后付款142. Without recourse 无追索权143. Presentment 出示144. Acceptance of draft 承兑汇票145. Dishonour 拒付146. Protest拒绝证书147. Notary public 公证人148. Collection 托收149. Principal 委托方150. Remitting bank 托收行151. Collecting bank 代收行152. Remittance letter 汇款书153. Document against payment (D/P) 付款交单154. Document against payment sight 即期付款交单155. Document against payment after sight远期付款交单156. Documents against acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单。

国际商务 按字母排序的中英文词汇对照表

国际商务 按字母排序的中英文词汇对照表

《国际商务》课程中英文词汇对照表按字母顺序排列AAbsolute advantages 绝对优势Acceptable 可接受的Accountability 有责任;可说明性Ad valorem tariff 从价税率Administrative trade policies 管理贸易政策Adverse effect 反作用Agent 中介,代理商Agriculture 农业Ambiguity 歧义Andean Pact 安第斯条约Antidumping policies 反倾销政策APEC 亚太经合组织Aquiring & Merging 并购Asset 资产Assistance 援助Association 联系Attractive 有吸引力的Autonomy 自治权Availability 可利用性BBalance-of-payment accounts 收支平衡Balance-of-trade equilibrium 贸易均衡Bandwagon effect 从众效应Banking crisis 银行业危机Barrier 壁垒Barter 交易Benefit 好处,利益Bill of exchange 汇票Bill of lading 提单Buddhism 佛教Business ethics 商业道德Buyback 返销,回购CCAFTA 中美洲自由贸易区CAM 计算机辅助制造Capital flight 资本外逃CARICOM 加勒比共同体Caste system 种性制度Caveat 警告,附加说明Centralization 集中,中央集权化Channel length 渠道长度Channel quality 渠道质量Class consciousness 阶级意识Class system 等级制度Clear Vision 目的明确Code of ethics 职业道德,道德准则Collapse 崩溃,贬值Collect 收集,搜集Collectivism 集体主义Common market 共同市场Communist 共产主义者Comparative advantage 比较优势Compensation 补偿Competitive advantage 竞争力优势Computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计Concentration 集中,重视Confucian dynamism 儒家动力Confucianism 儒学Consumer 消费者Control system 操纵系统Core competence 核心能力Corporation 公司Correlation 相互的关系Counterpurchase 互购Countertrade 对消贸易,反向贸易Countertrade 反向贸易Countervailing duties 补偿义务Court of Justice 法庭Cross-cultural literacy 跨国文化的认识Cultural Barrier 文化障碍Currency board. 货币委员会Currency crisis 货币危机Currency speculation 货币投机Currency swap 互惠外汇信贷Current account 经常账户DDecentralization 分散,地方分权Demand 需求Democracy 民主政体Deregulation 违反规定,反常Dilemma 困境Diminishing returns 收益递减Dirty float. 不纯浮动,干预浮动Discipline 训练;自我控制Disclosure requirements 资料公开的要求Dispose 舍弃,处置Distribution Channel 分配渠道Domestic 国内的Drawback 缺点,障碍Dumping 倾销EEast African Community 东非共同体Eclectic paradigm 折衷范式Economic system 经济体制Economic exposure 经济暴露Economic growth 经济增长Economic of scale 规模经济Economic risk 经济危机Economic union 经济联盟Economies of scale 规模经济EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Electronic data interchange 电子数据交换Element 成分,要素Empirical 经验主义Employee 受雇者;员工Employer 雇主Encourage 鼓励Enlargement 扩大Entry mode 进入方式Establish 建立Ethical strategy 道德策略Ethical system 道德制度Ethnocentric behavior 种族行为Ethnocentrism 民族优越感Eurobonds. 欧洲债券Eurocurrency. 欧洲货币European Commission 欧委会European Parliament 欧洲议会European Union 欧盟Exchange rate 外汇汇率Exclusive distribution channel. 独家分销渠道Exclusivity 排他性Eximbank 进出口银行Expansion 扩张Expenditure 花费,消耗Experience curve. 经验曲线Export 出口Export-import bank 进出口银行Exporting 出口的External stakeholders 外部经济相关者Externally convertible 外部可兑换的FFactor endowments 要素禀赋Factors of production 生产要素Far East Index 远东指数Favorable tax status 有利的税收地位Federal Express 联邦快递公司Financial market 金融市场Firm 公司First-mover advantages 先动优势First-mover advantages 先进入者优势Fisher Effect 费希尔效应Fixed Costs 固定成本Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率Flexibility 弹性Flexible 柔韧的,有弹性的Floating exchange 浮动汇率Focus 重点,焦点Foreign bonds 外国债券Foreign Credit Insurance Association 对外信贷保险协会Foreign debt crisis 外国债务危机Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 外国直接投资Foreign exchange market 外汇市场Forward exchange rate 远期汇率Franchising. 特许Free trade 自由贸易Free trade 自由贸易Free trade area 自由贸易区Freely convertibility 自由兑换Fundamental 基本的,重要的GGeneral agreement on tariffs and trade(GA TT) 关贸总协定General Motors 通用汽车Global Capital Market 全球资本市场Global Equity Market 环球股本证券市场Global learning 整体学习Global matrix structure 全球矩阵结构Global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略Global web 全球性网路Globalization 全球化Globalization of production 生产全球化Gold standard 金本位Grant 授予Greenfield investment 新投资Gross fixed capital formation 固定资本形成总值HHedging Strategy 规避战略Hinduism 印度教Horizontal differentiation. 水平差异Host-Government 东道国政府IImmobile recourse 不能转移的追索权Implication 暗示,启示Import quota 进口限额Inappropriate 不恰当的Incentive 鼓励措施Incidence 发生率,影响程度Individualism 个人主义Infant industry argument 新生工业争论Information technology 信息技术Infrastructure 基础设施Inport 进口Intellectual Property 知识产权Interdependent 互相依存的Interest rate 利率Internal stakeholders 内部经济相关者Internalization theory 内部化理论International business 国际商务International division 国际部International division. 国际分工International monetary fund (IMF) 国际货币基金会International monetary system. 国际货币制度International trade 国际贸易Intervention 干涉,干预ISO900. 国际标准化组织JJIT 准时生产Joint venture 合资Just 公平的KKnowledge network 知识网LLack 缺乏,缺少Late-mover disadvantages 迟入者劣势Law of one price 一价定律Lean production 精益生产Learning effect 学习效应Legal system 法律体制Letter of Credit 信用证Licensing 许可证发放Licensing agreement 专利使用权转让协定Local content requirements 当地成分要求Location 位置Logistics 后勤,物流MMake-or-buy decisions 自制或购买决策Management 管理Manufacture 生产,制造Market economy 市场经济Market imperfections 市场缺陷Market segmentation. 市场分割Marketing mix 销售组合Mass Customization 大规模定制Maximize 最大限度地利用Mechanisms 机制Media 媒体Mercantilism 重商主义Mercosur 南方共同市场Minimum efficient scale 最低有小规模Monetary Policy Autonomy 货币政策自主性Moral courage 道义勇气Multinational enterprise (MNE) 跨国公司Multipoint competition 多点竞争NNAFTA 北美自由贸易区Naive 幼稚的New trade theory 新贸易理论Noise 噪音Nonconvertible 非转化型的Nonverbal communication 非语言交流OOffset 抵消,补偿Offshore production 境外生产Oligopoly 供不应求的市场情况Optimal currency area 最适当的货币区Organization culture 组织文化Organizational architecture 组织框架Organizational structure 组织结构Output 产量PPartner 伙伴,合伙人Pattern 模式Pegged exchange rate 盯住汇率Performance 执行;表现Philosophical 哲学的Pioneering costs. 开创成本Political economy 政治经济学Political Ideology 政治意识形态Political system 政治体制Politician 政客Power distance 权利差距Price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性Process 进程Production possibility frontier 生产可能边界Profit 利润,收益Profit growth 利润增长Profitability 获益(情况),收益性Promotion 促销;晋升Property rights 产权Portfolio Diversification 组合投资多元化Pull strategy 前拉战略Purchasing power parity 购买力平价Pursue 追求,进行Push strategy 后推战略RRegional economic integration 区域经济一体化Regulatory interference 监管,干预Representative 典型的;代议制的Restrict 限制Retail 零售Retaliation 报复Rights theories 权力理论Right-wing 右翼的Role 作用;角色Root 根源SScheme 图解Seattle 西雅图Sight draft 即期汇票Six sigma 六西格玛Smoot-Hawley Act 史慕特郝雷关税法案Social mobility 社会流动性Social responsibility 社会责任Social strata 社会阶层Sophistication 混合Source effects. 来源效应Sovereignty 主权Specialized 专业化的Specific tariff 从量关税Speculation 推断;投机活动Spot exchange rate 即期汇率Stock of foreign direct investment 外国直接投资总额Stockholder 股东Strategic alliances 战略联盟Strategic commitments 战略承诺Strategy pricing 定价战略Strategy. 策略Structure 框架,结构Subsidy 补贴,津贴Supply chain 供应链Switch trading 转手贸易TTariff 关税Taste 口味,爱好Telecommunication 通讯Terrorism 恐怖主义The cost of capital 资本成本The Investment Boom 投资风暴The Product Life Cycle 产品生命周期Theocratic 神权的Time draft 远期汇票Timing of entry. 进入时机Total quality management. 整体品质管理Totalitarianism 极权主义Trade balance 贸易平衡Trade creation 贸易开辟Trade diversion 贸易转移Trade policy 贸易政策Traditional 传统的Transaction exposure 交易风险Translation exposure 折算风险暴露Transportation Technology 交通运输技术Tribal 部落的Turnkey project. 交钥匙工程,总包工程Type 类型UUnacceptable 不可接受的Uncertainty 不确定性Uncertainty avoidance 不确定性规避Universal needs 普遍需求VValue 价值Value creation 价值创造Vertical 垂直的,纵向的V olatile 不稳定的V oluntary export restraint (VER) 出口自动限制WWage gap 工资差距Watershed 分水岭,转折点Wholly owned subsidiary. 全资子公司World Bank 世界银行World Trade Organization (WTO) 世界贸易组织Worldwide area structure 全球区域结构ZZero sum game 零和博弈。

(完整版)国际商法专业词汇中英文对照

(完整版)国际商法专业词汇中英文对照

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照A Note on the Incoterms(国际贸易术语通则解释)Absolute Advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论)Acceptance with Modifications(对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺)Acceptance(承诺/受盘)Act of State Doctrine(国家行为主义)Act of the Parties (当事人的行为)Administrative Management (经营管理)Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit(信用证的通知和确认)Agent for International Settlements(国际结算代理人)Agreement of the Parties(协议选择原则)Agriculture(农业协定)Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR解决方式)Anticipatory Breach in Common Law (普通法上预期违约)Antidumping Authority(反倾销机构)Applicability of the CISG (CISG的适用范围)Application of Home State Labor LawsExtraterritorially(内国劳工法律域外适用)Applying for a Letter of Credit(信用证的申请)Approval of Foreign Investment Applications(外国投资申请的批准)Arbitrage(套汇)Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses(仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款)Arbitration Tribunals(仲裁机构)Artistic Property Agreements(保护文学艺术作品的协定)Artistic Property Agreements(文学艺术品产权协定)Assignment(合同权利转让)Attorney-General(法律总顾问)Automatic Dissolution (自动散伙)Average Clauses(海损条款)Avoidance(解除)Bank Deposits(银行储蓄)Bases of Income Taxation(所得税的征税依据/基础)Battle of the Forms(形式上的分歧/冲突)Bills of Lading (提单)Branch Banking(银行的分支机构)Business Form and Registered Capital (企业形式和注册资本)Business Forms(商业组织形式)Buyer's Remedies(买方可以采取的救济措施)Carriage of Goods by Air(航空货物运输)Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine CargoInsurance(海上货物运输及其保险)Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading(在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务)Carrier's Immunities(承运人责任/义务的豁免)Cartels (企业联合/卡特尔)Categories of Investment Projects (外国投资的项目类别)Charterparties (租船合同)Charterparties by Demise (光船出租合同)China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments(中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策)Choosing the Governing Law(准据法的选择)CIF (cost, insurance and freight) (port ofdestination) (CIF成本\保险费加运费付至指定的目的港)Civil Law (民法法系)Clearance and Settlement Procedures(交换和转让程序)Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks(银行跟单托收)Commercial Arbitration (国际商事仲裁)Commodity Arrangements(初级产品/农产品安排)Common Enterprise Liability(企业的一般责任)Common Law (普通法系)Common Procedures in Handling Bills ofExchange (汇票处理的一般程序) Common Stock (股票)Company Taxpayers(公司/法人企业纳税人)Comparative Advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究)Compensation for Winding up (清算补偿)Comprehensive Agreements (综合性的协定)Compulsory Licenses(强制许可)Computation of Income(收入计算)Conformity of Goods(与合同约定相符合的货物)Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State(给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意)Consideration in Common Law(英美法上的对价)Contemporary International Trade Law(当代国际贸易法)Contract Law for the International Sale ofGoods(国际货物销售合同法)Contract Liability of the Agent (代理人的合同义务)Contract Liability of the Principal (委托人的合同义务)Contractual Issues Excluded from the Coverageof CISG(排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题)Copyrights (著作权/版权)Council for Trade-Related Aspects ofIntellectual Property Rights(与知识产权有关的理事会)Coverage of Tax Treaties(税收条约的覆盖范围)Creation of Agency (代理创立)Creditors of Partners(合伙人的债权人)Currency Crises: The Role of Monetary Policy(金融危机:货币政策的作用与地位)Currency Exchange Obligations of IMF MemberStates(国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务)Currency Exchange(外汇交易)Currency Support(资金/财政援助)Custom(习惯)Customs Valuation(海关估价协定)Debt Securities (债券)Decision Making within the WTO(WTO内部决定作出机制)Deficiencies in the GATT 1947 Dispute Process(关税及贸易总协定1947争端解决程序的不足)Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit ofAccount(确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位)Definition and Special Features(定义和特征)Delayed Bills of Lading(提单迟延)Denial of Justice(司法不公)Development Banks (发展银行)Direct Effect(直接效力)Direct Exporting(直接出口)Directors' and Officer's Duties to theCorporation(董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务)Dispute Settlement(争端的解决)Dissolution by Agreement (协议解散)Dissolution by Court Order (依法院令状散伙)Dissolution of the Partnership (散伙)Distribution of Earnings and Recovery ofInvestments (收入分配和投资回收)Distribution to Shareholders (红利分配权)Doctrine of Imputability (归责原则)Documentary Formalities(文本格式要求)Double Taxation Provision(双重征税的规定)Double Taxation(双重征税)Duress (胁迫行为)Duties of Agent and Principal (代理人和委托人的义务)Duties of Agent to Principal (委托人的义务)Duties of Principal to Agent (代理人、的义务)Duty of Care in Partnership Business(对合伙事务尽心看护义务)Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith (忠诚和诚信义务)Effectiveness of an Offer(邀约/发盘的效力)Employment Laws in the European Union(欧洲联盟雇佣/劳工法)Employment Standards of the Organization forEconomic Cooperation and Development(经济合作与发展组织雇佣/劳工标准)Enforcement of Exchange Control Regulationsof IMF Member States(国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行)Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in thePeople's Republic of China (在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行)Enforcement of Foreign Judgment (外国法院判决的执行)Enforcement of Partnership Rights andLiabilities(执行合伙事务的权利和责任)Enforcement of Securities RegulationsInternationally(国际证券规则的执行)Environmental Regulation(环境规则)Escape Clause(免责条款)Euro-currency Deposits(欧洲货币储蓄)European Communities - Regime for theImportation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas(欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理) European Union Law on Trade in Services(欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律) Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in CivilLaw (大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权)Exceptions(例外)Exclusive Licenses(独占许可)Excuses for Non-performance (不履行的免责)Excuses for Nonperformance(不履行合同的抗辩/借口)Exemptions for New Members from IMF MemberState Currency Exchange Obligations(国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除) Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation(征收)Extraterritorial Application of U. S.Securities Laws(美国证券法域外的适用问题)Failure to Exhaust remedies(没有用尽法律救济)Fault and Causation(过错和因果关系)Finance Ministry(财政部)Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade(对外贸易的价金支付)FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)(FOB装运港船上交货)Force Majeure Clauses (不可抗力条款)Foreign Investment Guarantees(外国投资的担保)Foreign Investment Laws and Codes(外国投资法)Formal and Informal Application Process(正式和非正式申请程序)Formation of the Contract(合同的成立)Forsed Endorsements(虚假背书)Fraud Exception in Letters of CreditTransaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外) Frauds on Bills of Lading(提单欺诈)Fraudulent Misrepresentation(受欺诈的误解)Free Zones(保税区/自由贸易区)Fundamental Breach(根本违约)GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments(服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺)General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holderin Due Course(票据持有人的一般要求和权利)General Standards of Performance(履行的一般标准)Geographic Limitations(地区限制)Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees(政府担保)Governmental Interest(政府利益原则)Governmental Sources of Capital(官方资金)Grant Back Provisions(回授的规定)Home state Regulation of MultinationalEnterprises(本国对跨国企业的管理)Host State Regulation of MultinationalEnterprises(东道国对跨国企业的管理)Illegality and Incompetency(行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定)IMF "Conditionality"(国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities(国际货币基金组织的机制)IMF Operations(国际货币基金组织的运作)IMF Quotas(国际货币基金的份额)Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction ofMunicipal Courts(国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权)Import-Licensing Procedures(进口许可证程序协定)Income Categories(收入分类)Income Tax Rates(所得税税率)Income Taxes(所得税)Independence Principles and Rule of StrictCompliance (信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则)Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements (保护工业产权的协定)。

国际商法概念中英对照

国际商法概念中英对照

国际商法概念中英对照合同法合同的成立要件:●通过要约和承诺达成合意(Agreement)●当事人具有缔约能力(the legal capacity to contract) ●存在对价(Consideration)或对价(Cause)●合同形式符合法律规定●具备合法性●合意必须真实(Intention of parties)要约(Offer)要约人offerer受要约人offeree邀请邀约invitation for offer要约的确定性definiteness要约人受约束的意旨intention to be bound特定人specific persons要约的撤回withdrawal of offer要约的撤销revocation of offer确定的要约firm offer要约的消灭/终止termination承诺Acceptance镜像规则mirror image rule反要约counter offer承诺生效的时间英美法:邮箱规则:mailbox rule (发出时有效,有利于受要约人,缩短要约人可撤销要约的时间)大陆法:德国、合同通则:到达生效原则receipt rule合同的效力Validity有效合同legal无效合同void可撤销合同avoidable效力待定/不可强制执行的合同影响合同效力的因素:错误mistake:重大误解substantial misunderstanding欺诈fraud胁迫duress显失公平不正当影响undue influence不履行(non-performance)可免责的不履行excused non-performance不可抗力force majeure/impediment beyond control: 无法控制;无法预见;无法避免;无法克服重大违约material breach轻微违约minor breach预期违约anticipatory breach of contract违约的救济方式remedies for breach of contract实际履行specific performance撤销合同avoidance of the contract损害赔偿damages损害的减轻:避免受损害方消极坐等宽限期grace period商事组织法商事组织形式forms of business entities 个人企业individual proprietorship合伙企业partnership公司corporation合伙连带责任joint and several liabilities注册申请书application for registration 合伙协议partnership agreement合伙人身份证明identity paper of partners接纳新合伙人admission of new partners解散dissolution清算liquidation公司法独立法人independent legal person否认公司人格disregarding the corporate entity 揭开公司的面纱piercing the corporate veil发起人promoter公司章程articles of association/corporate charter/certificate of incorporation公司组织大纲memorandum of association经营范围business scope公司资本the capital of corporation注册资本registered capital授权资本authorized capital发行资本issued share capital资本维持maintenance of capital实缴资本paid-up capital公司资本的增加/增资raising of capital公司债debenture担保公司债/无担保公司债secured/unsecured 记名/无记名公司债registered/unregistered 转换/非转换公司债convertible公积金reserve funds法定公积金statutory common reserve任意公积金discretionary common reserve 普通股common share优先股preferred stock期权options招股说明书prospectus董事会board of directors执行董事会the executive board监事会the supervisory board独立董事independent directors股东大会shareholder meeting忠实义务duty of loyalty注意义务duty of care自我交易self-dealing管理人员薪酬executive compensation滥用公司资产taking of corporate‘s properties 动机不纯的公司行为corporate action with mixed activities禁令/说明injunction/declaration损害赔偿damages/compensation返还财产restoration of property撤销合同recession of contracts利益归入公司accounting for profits。

商英PPT词汇1~10

商英PPT词汇1~10

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------商英PPT词汇1~10经济体系economic system 经济机构economic institution 经济活动 economic activity 经济增长 economic growth 经济萧条economic depression 经济收益economic benefit 经济政策 economic policy 经济欲望 economic wants 经济模式 economic model 经济杠杆 economic lever 经济布局economic pattern 经济命脉economic lifeline 经济结构economic structure 经济危机economic crisis 经济业绩economic performance 经济奇迹economic miracle 经济实体economic entity 经济制裁economic sanction 经济基础economic basis 经济复苏economic recovery 假定,假设Assumption 模型Model 重商主义者Mercantilist 重商主义Mercantilism 价格货币流转学说 Price-specie-flow doctrine 专业化 Specialization 劳动分工 Division of labor 生产力 , 生产率 Productivity 绝对优势原理 Principle of absolute advantage 算术例子 Arithmetic example 大卫李嘉图 David Ricardo 比较优势原理 Principle of comparative advantage 生产可能性曲线Production possibilities schedule 斜率Slope 边际转化率Marginal rate of transformation(MRT) 机会成本 Opportunity cost 自给自足 Autarky 专业化的生产收益 Production gains from specialization 贸易产生的消费收益Consumption gains1 / 10from trade 贸易可能性曲线 Trading possibilities line 消费点consumption point 贸易三角 Trade triangle 讨价还价 Price bargain 价格可比性price comparability 时价表/行情表price current 最低价/限度price floor 价格波动price fluctuation 物价指数 price index 价格变动幅度 price range 价格剪刀差 price scissors 物价螺旋上升 price spiral 价格调整 price adjustment 价格暴涨 price boom 价格管制 price control 价格预测 price expectation 最高价/限度price ceiling 提价 price increase 物价水平 price level 价格尺度price measure 物价稳定 price stability 价格战 price war 价格歧视 price discrimination 旋转,转动 rotate 次之,不如be inferior to (基于)假设的;假定的 hypothetical 切割点, 截止点 cutoff point 贸易顺差,贸易盈余,出超 trade surplus 贸易逆差;入超 trade deficit 凹向原点的 concave [数]原点,起点 origin 图表;图解;示意图; [数]线图 diagram 正的positive 数正切的;相切的;切线的; Tangent 变小或减少;逐渐变细 diminish 线条、运动的物体等)会于一点;聚集;converge; Convergence 陡的;陡峭的; steep 限于 be confined to 离职金,解雇金;解雇费 severance pay 结束;使终结;解雇 terminate 充斥市场,在市场上泛滥 Swamp a market 充斥/涌入市场 Flood a market 使市场饱和 Saturate a market 民意测验,民意调查 Opinion poll 焦点人群 Focus group 专业市场的一个小---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 部分 Market niche 抽样调查,抽查 Spot check 垄断市场 Corner a market 展出产品 exhibit a product 萧条市面,呆滞的市面Sluggish market 萧条市场Flat market 不稳定的市场行情Volatile market 不完全竞争 imperfect competition 制造业manufacturing industry 产品差异化 product differentiation 相互依赖 mutual interdependence 换句话说 stated another way 换句话说 stated differently 换句话说 in other words 标准化产品standardized product 法律壁垒legal barrier 国际储备international reserve 国际汇兑international exchange 金融机制 financial mechanism 国际结算 international settlement 国际租赁 international leasing 经济过热 economic overheating 财政政策 fiscal policy 扩张性政策expansionary policy 紧缩性政策contractionary policy 政府预算government budget 政府支出government spending /expenditure 充分就业 full employment 决定物;决定因素 Determinant 可支配收入 Disposable income 无差异曲线 Indifference curve 产生 Yield 相同数量的满意度 Identical amounts of satisfaction 无差异曲线图 Indifference map 凸向原点的 Convex 边际转换率 Marginal rate of substitution (MRS) 社会无差异曲线Community indifference curve 转移支付transfer payments 可支配收入disposable income 贴现率3 / 10discount rate 法定准备金legal reserves 定期存款time deposit 政府管制 government regulation 政府干预 government intervention 价格机制 price mechanism 征税 levy tax 收入再分配 income redistribution 贸易壁垒 trade barrier 国家主权national sovereignty 以英镑标价的证券 Sterling-denominated securities 干预市场intervene in the market 外汇经纪人foreign exchange broker 抢购 panic buying 基年 base year 加权法 weight measurement 副作用 side effects 需求拉上型通货膨胀demand-pull inflation 成本推动型通货膨胀cost-push inflation 实际国内生产总值 real gross domestic product 名义国内生产总值 nominal gross domestic product 国民生产总值gross national product 实际产出 physical output 进入壁垒barriers to entry 收取较高价格 charge higher prices 赚取较多利润 earn higher profits 自然垄断 natural monopoly 行政管理人员administrative staff 成本-收益分析cost-benefit analysis 管制制度 regulatory system 无谓损失 deadweight loss 筹款 raise money 利益集团 interest group 利润最大化profit maximization 固定成本 fixed costs 可变成本 variable costs 边际成本 marginal costs 有效需求 effective demand 要素禀赋理论 Factor-endowment theory 赫克歇尔俄林理论 Heckscher Ohlin theory 资源禀赋 Resource endowments 捐赠,资助;赋予,赐予 Endow 强度 Intensity 密集的 Intensive 大量的,充足的;---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 丰富的,Abundant 缺乏的Scarce 要素价格相等化理论Factor-Price Equalization 恶化,变坏 Deteriorate 进口竞争产品 Import-competing product 密集度 Abundance v.使倾向于Bias 同样的 Identical (形状,性质)一样的;规格一致;始终如一的 Uniform 声称;使用;主张;明确肯定 Assertion 所得税income tax 工资冻结 wage freeze 工资等级 wage scale 工资上浮趋势 wage drift 人口爆炸 population boom/explosion 人口过剩 overpopulation 人口再生 population reproduction 人口密度population density 人口普查census 人口不足underpopulation 投资回收期payback period 投资总规模volume of total investment 金融中介 financial intermediary 有形资产 tangible asset 投资组合风险 investment portfolio risk 金融债券 financial claims 首次公开发行 initial public offering (IPO) 个人财产保险 personal belongs insurance 意外事故保险 accident insurance 伤亡事故保险 casualty insurance 养老保险 endowment insurance 盗窃保险 burglary insurance 里昂惕夫悖论 Leontief paradox 与矛盾,与抵触 Contradict 预测,预报;预言; Prediction 制止,使不再发表(反对意见)Silence the critics 规模经济 Economies of scale 正当理由;合理的解释Justification 林德理论Theory of overlapping demands 三方的Tripartite [traiˈpɑ:tait]5 / 10Beggar-thy-neighbor 以邻为壑斯塔凡林德 Staffan Linder 产业内贸易 Interindustry trade 产业间贸易 Intraindustry trade 产品生命周期理论Product life cycle theory 营销渠道marketing channels 营销模式marketing model 营销导向marketing orientation 营销媒介 marketing intermedia 营销规划 marketing planning 贸易保护主义 protectionism 生产要素factors of production 结构性失业 structural unemployment 多边贸易体制multilateral trading system 可持续发展sustainable development 贸易谈判 trade negotiation 贸易争端trade dispute 技术援助 technical assistance 解决争端 settle dispute 关税同盟 customs union 审议机制 review mechanism 知识产权 intellectual property rights 附属机构 subsidiary body 反补贴措施 countervailing measure 反倾销调查 antidumping investigation 政府采购 government procurement (以诈财或逃税为目的)诡计,阴谋,骗局 Scam 跳出率:Bounce rate 环境保护主义 Environmentalism 污染者付费原则 Polluter-pay principle 移动的,可移动的;变化的 Mobile 固定的;不变的;稳定的Immobile 生产要素流动Factor mobility 意思是;指代 Denote 受支配;从属于 Is subject to 多种多样的,混杂的 Heterogeneous 保险费;额外费用;加价;优质;高端的 Premium 停止,终止,结束 Cease 食品卫生 food sanitation 最惠国待遇 most-favored-nation treatment 国民待---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------遇 national treatment 进口禁令 import ban 官僚作风 red tape 渐进式改革progressive reform 关税减让tariff concession 贸易自由化trade liberalization 转型经济transition economy 市场准入market access 自愿出口限制voluntary export restraint 装配线assembly line 汽车配件automobile component 贸易报复 trade retaliation 从价税 ad valorem tariff 从量税 specific tariff 出口补贴 export subsidy 东道国 host country 溢出效应 spillover effect 母公司parent company 原产国 country of origin 进口税 Import tariff 出口税 Export tariff 保护性关税 Protective tariff 收入关税Revenue tariff 从量税 Specific tariff 从价税 Ad valorem (of value) tariff 复合税 Compound tariff 主要产品,日常必需品Staple products 关税评估Customs valuation 关税评估员Customs appraiser 走私Smuggle 名义关税率Nominal tariff rate 有效关税率Effective tariff rate 关税升级Tariff escalation 差异 Discrepancy 生产分工 Production sharing 保税仓库 Bonded warehouse 退税 Drawback 外国贸易区 Foreign trade zone 民族主义 Nationalism 爱国主义 Patriotism 保护主义 Protectionism 海关监管 Customs surveillance 税额优惠,减税优惠Tax breaks 犹豫的,举棋不定的torn 征收关税Impose/levy/collect tax(tariff) 使免受影响insulate from7 / 10初级商品 Primary commodities 中间产品,半成品 Intermediate products 制成品 Finished products 再出口 Reexportation 收入效应 Revenue effect 再分配效应 Redistributive effect 保护效应(效率损失) Protective effect 消费效应 Consumption effect 无谓损失Deadweight loss 基地在欧洲的公司Europe-based companies 国际资本流动 international capital flow 优惠贷款concessional loans 政治动机political motivation 道义动机 moral motivation 捐赠国 donor country 受援国 recipient country 储蓄缺口 savings gap 附带条件 strings attached 吸收能力 absorptive capacity 偿债 debt repayment 扶贫 poverty alleviation (减轻,缓解) poverty relief (解除,免除,减轻,缓解) poverty elimination 扶贫扶贫扶贫poverty reduction 结构调整 structural adjustment 地区冲突regional conflict 经济秩序 economic order 资本积累 capital accumulation 欧洲一体化European integration 常务秘书处permanent secretariat 负债亏损 in the red 出现赤字亏损 go into the red 国内收入效应 Domestic revenue effect 贸易条件效应 Terms-of-trade effect 最优关税 Optimum tariff 自由贸易的阻碍 Impediment to free trade 招致报复 Invite retaliation 减少,减弱 Diminish 收入再分配 Redistribution of income 减少福利 Lessen the welfare 合法的 Legitimate 不成比例的份额Disproportionate share 国际反响,反冲International---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ repercussion 透支 Overdraft 高利贷者 Loan shark 担保金,抵押物 Collateral 保证,保修单,质保 Warranty 巩固,加强Cement 破坏;给蒙上阴影 Cloud 损害;妨碍;削弱 Impair 危及,损害 Jeopardy 重新开始;继续进行 Resume 分离:断决(例如,关系) Sever (友谊、局势、态度等)变坏/恶化 Sour 弄糟;损坏;破坏 Spoil 友好的,温和的;和睦的;友善的 Amicable 愤怒地,争吵激烈的, 闹得很僵 Stormy 克制的,节制的 Restrained 解决,达成交易 Hash out 冗长的Drawn-out 午宴,正式的午餐 Luncheon 提出建议,主张,提案,计划 Make proposition 出价高与(别人) n.过高的出价 Overbid v. 超额订出,预订过多 Overbook v. 对要价过高; Overcharge vt (费用等)超支,超出预算 V. 超过时限 overrun V. 超额认购Oversubscribe 赶上,超越(对手) Overtake V. 出价高于(别人) Outbid vt. 智胜;比技高一筹 Outmaneuver V. 数量多于;比多 Outnumber vt. 超过;超出;发展快于 Outrun VERB 超过;胜过 Outstrip VERB 通过投票击败;以多数票击败 Outvote VERB 不爱说话的;不爱交流的;缄默的 Uncommunicative 优柔寡断的;无决断力的;迟疑不决的 Indecisive (情绪、计划等)漫无目的的,不着边际 Unfocused 缺乏创造力的;缺乏想象力的;乏味的;Unimaginative 组织混乱的,杂乱无章;混乱的,没条理Disorganized 不受欢迎,不流行;无人望;不得人心 Unpopular9 / 10adj. 不切实际的;不现实的;不可行的 Impractical 不善交际的;不合群的 Unsociable (情绪)不稳定的,波动的 Unstable 不能容忍的,不容异议的,心胸狭窄的 Intolerant。

(完整版)国际私法英文专业词汇对照表

(完整版)国际私法英文专业词汇对照表

索引词表中文索引英文索引AADR解决方法Alternative Dispute ResolutionB巴托鲁斯Bartolus 本地法说Local Law Theory 本国法lex partriae 比较损害方法comparative-impairment approach 并入或采纳adoption 跛脚婚姻limping marriage BOT投资方式Build-Operate-Transfer 部分裁决partial award 布鲁歇Brocher 不歧视待遇non-discriminate treatmentC常设仲裁机构permanent arbitration agency 场所支配行为locus regit actum 承认与执行外国法院判决recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments 程序规范procedure rules 重叠适用的冲突规范double conflict rules 冲突法the conflict of laws 冲突规范conflict rules 船舶抵押权ship mortgage 船舶留置权possessors lien on vessel 船舶碰撞collision船舶所有权ownership of ship 船舶优先权maritime lien 垂直的法律冲突vertical conflict of lawsD达让特莱D’Argentre 代理agency 戴赛Dicey 单边冲突规范unilateral conflict rules 单式运输分合同sub-contracts 单一反致single renvoi 单一破产制unitary bankruptcy 当事人合意选择的法律lex voluntatis 当事人意思自治autonomy of will 德帕涅Despagnet 地理标准geographic criterion 地域效力terr ito ria lity 定期租船合同time charter 定性qualification 东道国法律law of host country 动态连结点variable point of contact 杜摩兰Dumoulin 独任仲裁员sole arbitrator 对人诉讼管辖权in personam jurisdiction 对物诉讼管辖权in rem jurisdiction 多式运输经营人combined transport operatorE二级识别secondary characterization法定继承intestate succession 法定住所s ta tu tor y d o mic ile 法定管辖s ta tu to r y ju r isd ic tio n 法官知法jura novit curia 法律关系本座说Doctrine of the Seat of Particular Legal Relationships 法律规避e v a s i o n o f l a w 法律适用规范rules of application of law 法律选择规范choice-of-law rules 法人legal person 法人的国籍nationality of legal person 法人的住所domicile of legal person 法域law district 法院地法lex fori 法则区别说Statutist Theory 反致r e n v o i 非当地化de-localization 非国内化d e-n a t i o n a l i s e 非内国裁决标准non-domestic award test 非政府组织nongovernmental organization 非自执行条约non-self-executing treaty 废除豁免论The Doctrine of Abolishing Immunity 分割方法choosing and picking, depecage 分类classification 分析法学与比较法说the Theory of Analytical Jurisprudence and Comparative Law 附带问题incidental question 复合破产制pluralism bankruptcy 夫妻关系matrimonial relationship 伏特Voet个案识别说qualification case by case 公共秩序保留reservation of public order 公共政策public policy 共同海损general average 管辖权选择方法jurisdiction-selecting rules 光船租船合同bareboat charter 国籍的积极冲突positive conflict of nationality 国籍的消极冲突negative conflict of nationality 国际保理international factoring 国际贷款协议international loan agreement 国际法律冲突international conflict of laws 国际股票international shares 国际惯例International Usages 国际交往互利Mutual Benefit in International Communication 国际礼让说C o m i t y T h e o r y 国际贸易术语解释通则Incoterms 国际民商法International Civil and commercial Law 国际民商事关系International Civil and commercial legal relations 国际民事案件管辖权international civil jurisdiction 国际民事诉讼程序international civil litigation 国际民事诉讼法International Civil Procedure Law 国际破产international bankruptcy 国际商会仲裁院Court of Arbitration,ICC 国际商事仲裁international commercial arbitration 国际私法Private International Law 国际私法规范rules of private international law 国际司法协助international judicial assistance 国际条约International Conventions 国际统一程序法条约conventions on international procedure law国际统一冲突法条约conventions on conflict of laws 国际统一实体法条约conventions on international uniform substantive law 国际债券international debentures 国际证券international securities 国际仲裁international arbitration 国际组织international organization 国家豁免state immunity 国家及其财产豁免immunities of states and their property 国民待遇National Treatment 国有化nationalizationH海难救助salvage at sea 海事赔偿责任限制limitation of liability for maritime claims 《海牙规则》Hague Rules 《海牙—维斯比规则》Hague-Visby Rules 《汉堡规则》Hamburg Rules 航次租船合同voyage charter 合理的方法rational solution 合同contract 合同缔结地法lex loci contractus 合同自体法理论the proper law of the Contract 横向冲突horizontal conflict 胡伯Huber 互惠说reciprocal 汇票bill of exchange 混合法则statuta mixta 婚姻举行地法lex loci celebrationisJ既得权说the Theory of Vested or Acquired Rights 监护custody 间接代理indirect agency 间接反致indirect remission 间接管辖权indirect international jurisdiction 间接送达indirect service abroad 简易陪审团审判Summary Jury Trial 交互式ODR模式Interactive ODR Venues 结果选择方法result-selecting rules 结婚Marriage 解决投资争端国际中心International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes, ICSID “借用”法规”borrowing” statute 禁治产制度interdiction 静态连结点constant point of contact 居所residence 绝对豁免论The Doctrine of Absolute ImmunityK卡弗斯Cavers 康恩Kahn 客观标志原则the Objective Contacts Doctrine 客观连结点the objective point of contact 柯里Currie 肯塔基方法Kentucky Method 空间法律冲突inter-spatial conflict of laws 库克Cook 库恩K u h nL离婚Divorce 离线仲裁调解机构National Arbitration and Mediation 里斯Reese 立遗嘱能力capacity 连结点point of contact 连结对象object of connection 连结因素connecting factor 临时仲裁、特别仲裁ad hoc arbitration agency 领事裁判权consular jurisdiction 领事代理consular agency 领事途径consular mechanism 领域标准territorial testM美国仲裁协会AAA American Arbitration Association 孟西尼Mancini 民法施行法EGBGBN内国裁决domestic awardOODR Online Dispute ResolutionP票据negotiable instruments 聘请法官Rent-a-Judge 平等豁免论The Doctrine of Equal Immunity 平面的法律冲突horizontal conflict of laws破产bankruptcy 普遍的效力universality 普遍优惠待遇Treatment of Generalized System of PreferenceQ旗国法law of the flag 起作用的事实operative facts 戚希尔Cheshire 侵权行为t o r t 侵权行为地法law of the place of wrong 侵权行为地法lex loci delicti 亲子关系parent-children relationship 区别制separate system 区际私法private inter-regional law 区际法律冲突inter-regional conflict of lawsR人的法则statuta personalia 人际法律冲突Inter-personal conflict of laws 任意性惯例non-exclusive usages 任意管辖权non-exclusive jurisdiction 瑞典斯德哥尔摩商会仲裁院The Arbitration Institute of Stockholm Chamber of CommerceS萨维尼Savigny 商标trade mark 涉外私法Foreign Private Law 涉外因素foreign elements 识别characterization时际法律冲突Inter-temporal conflict of laws 实际国籍nationalitéeffective 实体规范s u b s t a n t i v e r u l e s 世界知识产权组织仲裁中心WIPO Arbitration Center 时效问题Limitation of actions, statute of limitation 实质性连结因素标准material connecting factors criterion 首席仲裁员chief arbitrator 收养a d o p t i o n 属地管辖权territorial jurisdiction 属人法lex personalis 属人管辖权personal jurisdiction 属人理由的豁免immunity ratione personae 属物理由的豁免immunity ratione matrriae 双边冲突规范bilateral conflict rules 双重反致double renvoi 双重可诉原则rule of double actionability 司法标准juridical criterion 司法管辖豁免immunity from jurisdiction 斯托雷S t o r y 诉讼代理litigation agency 诉讼费用担保security for costT特殊管辖权specific jurisdiction 特征性履行方法Characteristic Performance 提单Bill of Lading, L/B 调解mediation or conciliation 挑选法院fo r um shopp ing 同一制unitar y s yste m 推定存活presumption of lifeW瓦赫特尔Waechter 外国裁决foreign award 外国法的适用application of Foreign Laws 外国法内容的查明ascertainment of foreign law 外国法院说foreign court theory 外交途径diplomatic mechanism 魏斯Weiss 问题的分类classification of issues 物的法则statuta realia 物权Real Rights 物之所在地法lex rei sitae; lex situsX系属公式formula 狭义的反致r e m i s s i o n 先决问题preliminary question 限制豁免论The Doctrine of Relative or Restrictive Immunity 香港仲裁中心Hong Kong International Arbitration Center, HKIAC 协议管辖jurisdiction by agreement 小型审判Mini Trial 协商negotiation 信托trusts 行为地法lex loci actus 虚假冲突false conflicts 宣告死亡declaration of absence 选择适用的冲突规范alternative conflict rules 选择住所domicile of choiceY一般管辖权general jurisdiction 一般趋势general trends 依功能分析方法functional analysis approach 依规则选择方法Rule-selection Techniques 一级识别primary characterization 意思自治原则Party Autonomy 遗嘱w i l l s 遗嘱方式有效性formal validity 遗嘱撤销revocation 隐存的法律冲突potential conflict of laws 英国伦敦国际仲裁院London Court of International Arbitration 友好仲裁amiable composition 优惠待遇Preferential Treatment 有利益关系的州interested state 有效控制effective control 域外送达service abroad 域外调查取证extraterritorial discovery and taking evidence abroad 原始住所domicile of originZ真实冲突true Conflicts 争议的国际性质标准the international nature of dispute test 政府利益分析说Governmental Interests Analysis 政府间组织inter-governmental organization 直接管辖权direct international jurisdiction 直接送达direct service 直接调整方法direct approach 殖民地间的法律冲突intercolonial conflict of laws 支票c h e q u e知识产权intellectual property 治外法权说exterritoriality 执行豁免immunity from execution 仲裁a r b i t r a t i o n 仲裁裁决arbitral award 仲裁程序arbitration procedure 仲裁地的主张lex loci sever 仲裁地place of arbitration 仲裁条款arbitration clause 仲裁员异议challenge to arbitrator 仲裁协议arbitration agreement 仲裁协议书submission to arbitration agreement 中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会China International Economic and Trade ArbitrationC o m m i s s i o n,C I E T A C 中国海事仲裁委员会China Maritime Arbitration Commission, CMAC 中间裁决in te r lo cu to r y a wa r d 中央机关途径central authority mechanism 重力中心说the Center of Gravity Test 重力中心地Center of Gravity 纵向冲突ve r tic a l c on f lic t 主观连结点subjective point of contact 住所d o mic ile 住所地法lex domicile 著作权c o p yr ig h t 专利权p a t e n t 专属管辖权excusive jurisdiction 转化transfor mation 转致transmission 准据法applicable law, lex causae 准据法说lex causae准正legitimation 自动执行条约self-executing treaty 自然人权利能力Legal capacity 自然人的行为能力Disposing capacity 自体法说the Proper Law Doctrine 自助式ODR模式Automated ODR Venues 最惠国待遇the Most Favored-nation Treatment, MFN 最密切联系说Doctrine of the Most Significant Relationship 最密切联系地法law of the place of the most significant relationship 最密切联系原则the Most Closest Connect Doctrine 最真实联系说the Most Real Contact Doctrine 最终裁决final award。

国际商务专业词汇(中英文对照)

国际商务专业词汇(中英文对照)

1.全球化世界贸易组织:(World Trade Organization)国际货币基金组织:(International Monetary Fund)《关税及贸易总协定》:(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)世界银行:(World Bank)国际贸易:(international trade)对外直接投资:(foreign direct investment)对外直接投资存量:(stock of foreign direct investment)外国企业:(multinational enterprise)国际企业:(international business)2.政治经济中的国家差异政治经济:(political economy)政治体制:(political system)集体主义:(collectivism)社会主义者:(socialists)共产主义者:(communists)社会民主主义者:(social democrats)私有化:(privatization)个人主义:(individualism)民主:(democracy)极权:(totalitarianism)市场经济:(maeket economy)计划经济:(command economy)法律体系:(legal system)普通法:(common law)大陆法:(civil law system)宗教法:(theocratic law system)合同法:(contract law)财产权:(property rights)私下行为:(private action)公共行为:(public action)《反海外腐败法》:(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act)知识产权:(intellectual property)专利:(patent)版权:(copyrights)商标:(trademarks)产品安全法:(product safety laws)产品责任:(product liability)3.政治经济和经济发展人均国民收入:(gross national income)购买力平价:(purchasing power parity)人文发展指数:(Human Development Index)创新:(innovation)创业者:(entrepreneurs)放松管制:(deregulation)第一进入者优势:(first-mover advantages)后进者优势:(late-mover disadvantages)政治风险:(political risk)经济风险:(economic risk)4.文化差异跨文化知识能力:(cross-cultural literacy)价值观:(values)准则:(norms)社会:(society)社会习惯:(folkways)道德准则:(ethics)社会结构:(social structure)群体:(group)社会阶层:(social strata)社会流动性:(social mobility)等级制度:(caste system)阶级制度:(class system)阶级意识:(class consciousness)宗教:(religion)伦理体系:(ethical systems)关系:(relationship)联系:(connection)权利距离:(power distance)个人主义:(individualism versus)集体主义:(collectivism)不确定性规避:(uncertainty avoidance)男性主义和女性主义:(masculinity versus femininity)儒家动力:(confucian dynamism)种族中心主义:(ethnocentrism)5.国际商务伦理商业伦理:(business ethics)伦理策略:(ethics strategy)社会责任:(socisl responsibility)伦理困境:(ethical dilemmas)组织文化:(organizayion cultural)文化相对论:(cultural relativism)道德论者:(righteous moralist)非道德论者:(native immoralist)实用主义伦理:(utilitarian approaches)权利理论:(rights theories)公正分配:(just distribution)无知之幕:(veil of ignorance)道德公约:(code of ethics)利益相关者:(stakeholders)6.国际贸易理论自由贸易:(free trade)新贸易理论:(nwe trade theory)重商主义:(mercantilism)零和博弈:(zero-sum game)绝对优势:(absolute advantage)规模报酬率:(constant returns to specialization)要素禀赋:(factor endowments)规模经济:(economies of scale)国际收支账户:(balance-of-payments accounts)经常账户:(current account)经常账户赤字盈余:(current account deficit surplus)资本账户:(capital account)金融账户:(financial account)7.国际贸易中的政治经济自由贸易:(free trade)关税:(tariff)从量税:(specific tariffs)从价税:(ad valorem tariffs)补贴:(subsidy)进口配额:(import quota)关税配额:(tariff rate quota)自愿出口限制:(voluntary export restraint)配额租金:(quota rent)国产化规定:(local content requirement)行政管理贸易政策:(administrative trade policies)倾销:(dumping)反倾销政策:(antidumping policies)抵消性关税:(counter vailing duties)幼稚工业论:(infant industry argument)战略贸易政策:(strategic trade policy)8.国际直接投资新设投资:(greenfield invsetment)流量:(flow of FDI)存量:(stock of FDI)对外直接投资:(outflows of FDI)外来直接投资:(inflows of FDI)固定资本形成总额:(gross fixed capital formation)折中理论:(eclectic paradigm)出口:(exporting)技术授权:(licensing)内部化理论:(internalization theory)不完善理论:(market imperfections approach)寡头垄断行业:(oligopoly)多点竞争:(multipoint competition)区位优势:(location-specific advantages)外部性:(externalities)国际收支账户:(balance-of-payments accounts)经常项目:(current account)离岸生产:(offshore production)9.区域经济一体化区域经济一体化:(regional economic integration)自由贸易区:(free trade area)关税同盟:(customs union)共同市场:(common market)经济联盟:(economic union)政治联盟:(political union)贸易创造:(trade creation)贸易转移:(trade diversion)执行董事会:(executive board)监管董事会:(governing council)最优货币区:(optional currency area)10.外汇市场外汇市场:(foreign exchange market)汇率:(exchange rate)外汇风险:(foreign exchange risk)外汇投机:(currency speculation)套息交易:(carry trade)即期汇率:(spot exchange rate)远期外汇:(forward exchange)远期汇率:(forward exchange rate)掉期:(currency swap)套汇:(arbitrage)载体货币:(vehicle currency)一价定律:(law of one price)效率市场:(efficient market)应用材料:(applied materials)费雪效应:(Fisher effect)跟风效应:(bandwagon effect)效率市场:(efficient market)无效市场:(inefficient market)自由兑换:(freely convertible)对外可兑换:(externally convertible)不可兑换:(nonconvertible)资本外逃:(capital flight)对等贸易:(counter trade)交易风险:(transaction exposure)折算风险:(translation exposure)经济风险:(economic exposure)提前策略:(lead strategy)错后策略:(lag strategy)11.国际货币体系国际货币体系:(international monetary system)浮动汇率:(floating exchange rate)盯住汇率:(pegged exchange rate)管理浮动:(dirty float)固定汇率:(fixed exchange rate)金本位制度:(gold standard)黄金平价:(gold par value)贸易收支平衡:(balance-of-trade equilibrium)管理浮动制度:(managed-float system)货币局制度:(currency board)货币危机:(currency crisis)银行危机:(banking crisis)外债危机:(foreign debt crisis)裙带资本主义:(crony capitalism)道德风险:(moral hazard)12.全球资本市场共享方差:(shared variance)对冲基金:(hedge funds)游资:(hot money)耐心货币:(patient money)外国债券:(foreign bonds)13.国际企业的战略战略:(strategy)盈利能力:(profitability)投资资本收益率:(ROIC)利润增长:(profit growth)价值创造:(value creation)运营:(operations)核心竞争力:(core competence)区位经济:(location economies)全球网络:(global web)经验曲线:(experience curve)学习效应:(learning effects)规模经济:(economies of scale)普遍需要:(universal needs)全球标准化战略:(global standardization strategy)本土化战略:(localization strategy)跨国战略:(transnational strategy)国际战略:(international strategy)14.国际企业的组织组织构架:(organizational architecture)组织结构:(organizational structure)控制系统:(control systems)奖励:(incentives)流程:(processes)组织文化:(organizational culture)垂直差异化:(vertical differentiation)水平差异化:(horizontal differentiation)建立整合机构:(integrating mechanisms)国际分部:(intermational division)世界范围的地区结构:(worldwide area structure)世界范围的产品分部:(worldwide product division structure)全球矩阵结构:(global matrix structure)知识网络:(knowledge network)个人控制:(personal control)行政组织结构:(bureaucratic control)产出控制:(output control)文化控制:(cultural control)绩效模糊:(performance ambiguity)15.进入战略和战略联盟战略联盟:(strategic alliance)私营部门债务:(private-sector debt)进入时机:(timing of entry)先入者优势:(first-mover advantages)开拓成本:(pioneering costs)交钥匙工程:(turnkey project)技术授权协议:(licensing agreement)技术授权协议:(cross-licensing agreement)特许经营:(franchising)合资企业:(joint venture)全资子公司:(wholly owned subsidiary)16.出口、进口和对等贸易出口管理公司:(export management company)信用证:(letter of credit)汇票:(draft)即期汇票:(sight draft)远期汇票:(time draft)提单:(bill of lading)进出口银行:(Export-Import-Bank)对等贸易:(counter trade)易货贸易:(barter)互购:(counter purchase)抵销:(offset)转手贸易:(switch trading)回购:(buy back)从价关税:(ad valorem tariff)委托代销:(consignment)禁运:(embargo)全球配额:(global quota)无形贸易壁垒:(invisible barriers to trade)信用证:(letter of credit)重商主义:(mercantilism)201条款:(section 201)17.全球生产、外包与物流生产:(production)物流:(cogistics)全面质量管理:(total quality management)六西格玛:(six sigma)最小效率规模:(minimum efficient scale)柔性制造技术:(flexible manufacturing technology)精益生产:(lean production)大规模定制:(mass customization)柔性机器单元:(flexible machine cells)价值重量:(value-to-weight)全球学习:(global learning)来源决策:(make-or-buy decisions)专业化资产:(specialized asset)动态能力:(dynamic capabilities)即时存货:(just-in-time)电子数据交换:(electronic data inferchange) 18.全球营销与开发营销组合:(marketing)市场细分:(market segmentation)集中零售体系:(concentrated retail system)分散零售体系:(fragmented retail system)渠道长度:(channel length)独占性的分销渠道:(exclusive distribution channel)渠道质量:(channel quality)源效应:(source effects)原产国效应:(country of orign effects)噪声:(noisy)推策略:(push strategy)拉策略:(pull strategy)需求价格弹性:(price elasticity of demand)富有弹性:(elastic)缺乏弹性:(inelastic)策略性定价:(strategic pricing)掠夺性定价:(predatory pricing)多点定价:(multipoint pricing)经验曲线定价:(experience curve pricing) 19.全球人力资源管理人力资源管理:(human resource management)外派经理:(expatriate manager)人员配备政策:(staffing policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)外派人员:(expatriates)内派人员:(inpatriates)外派失败:(expatriate failure)自我倾向:(self-orientation)他人倾向:(others-orientation)感知能力:(perceptual ability)文化刚性:(cultural thoughness)20.国际企业会计和财务会计准则:(accounting standards)审计准则:(auditing standards)内部远期汇率:(internal forward rate)货币管理:(money management)交易成本:(transaction costs)双边净额:(bilateral netting)多边净额:(multilateral)税收抵免:(tax credit)税收条款:(tax treaty)延期准则:(deferral principle)避税港:(tax havens)特许权使用费:(royalties)转移价格:(transfer price)弗罗廷贷款:(fronting loan)。

国际商法课程ppt课件

国际商法课程ppt课件
◆ 调整国际票据关系的国际条约: 1930年、1931年《日内瓦公约》
资 金 是 运 动 的价值 ,资金 的价值 是随时 间变化 而变化 的,是 时间的 函数, 随时间 的推移 而增值 ,其增 值的这 部分资 金就是 原有资 金的时 间价值
1.国 际 条 约
◆ 关于知识产权的国际条约: 1883年《巴黎公约》 1891年《马德里协定》
(三)普通法系(Common Law System ) 也称作英美法系、判例法系
起源:中世纪英国的习惯法 2. 代表国家:英国、美国(P6) 3. 渊源:判例——先例约束力原则 4. 特点:英国——普通法和衡平法
美国——此外,联邦法和州法
•ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
资 金 是 运 动 的价值 ,资金 的价值 是随时 间变化 而变化 的,是 时间的 函数, 随时间 的推移 而增值 ,其增 值的这 部分资 金就是 原有资 金的时 间价值
案例
中国贪官为何总逃往加拿大 新入伙人对入伙之前的债务是否负责?
中国:连带责任;英国:不负责任 中国外贸代理制、货代、船代 FOB CFR CIF
要约(发盘) 承诺(接受)
资 金 是 运 动 的价值 ,资金 的价值 是随时 间变化 而变化 的,是 时间的 函数, 随时间 的推移 而增值 ,其增 值的这 部分资 金就是 原有资 金的时 间价值
1.国 际 条 约
各国缔结的有关国际商业和贸易的国际条约或公约。 重要渊源
资 金 是 运 动 的价值 ,资金 的价值 是随时 间变化 而变化 的,是 时间的 函数, 随时间 的推移 而增值 ,其增 值的这 部分资 金就是 原有资 金的时 间价值
1.国 际 条 约
有关国际商法的国际公约: ◆ 调整国际货物买卖关系的条约: 1974年《国际货物买卖时效期限条约》 1980年《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》

《国际商法英文版》课件

《国际商法英文版》课件

Delivery and Payment
Methods and considerations for delivery and payment in global trade
Part 4 International Arbitration
1
Alternative Dispute Resolution
Exploring the role and benefits of international arbitration in resolving business disputes
2
Advantages and Disadvantages
Байду номын сангаас
Considering the pros and cons of choosing arbitration over litigation
3
Role of International Organizations
Examining the influence of international organizations in promoting and facilitating arbitration
Part 5 Intellectual Property Law
Topic Overview of IP Law Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights Protection in International Business
Dispute Resolution
Description
An introduction to the basic concepts and principles of intellectual property law

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照表

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照表

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照A Note on the Incoterms(国际贸易术语通则解释)Absolute Advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论)Acceptance with Modifications(对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺)Acceptance(承诺/受盘)Act of State Doctrine(国家行为主义)Act of the Parties (当事人的行为)Administrative Management (经营管理)Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit(信用证的通知和确认)Agent for International Settlements(国际结算代理人)Agreement of the Parties(协议选择原则)Agriculture(农业协定)Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR解决方式)Anticipatory Breach in Common Law (普通法上预期违约)Antidumping Authority(反倾销机构)Applicability of the CISG (CISG的适用范围)Application of Home State Labor Laws Extraterritorially(内国劳工法律域外适用)Applying for a Letter of Credit(信用证的申请)Approval of Foreign Investment Applications(外国投资申请的批准)Arbitrage(套汇)Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses (仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款)Arbitration Tribunals(仲裁机构)Artistic Property Agreements(保护文学艺术作品的协定)Artistic Property Agreements(文学艺术品产权协定)Assignment(合同权利转让)Attorney-General(法律总顾问)Automatic Dissolution (自动散伙)Average Clauses(海损条款)Avoidance(解除)Bank Deposits(银行储蓄)Bases of Income Taxation(所得税的征税依据/基础)Battle of the Forms(形式上的分歧/冲突)Bills of Lading (提单)Branch Banking(银行的分支机构)Business Form and Registered Capital (企业形式和注册资本)Business Forms(商业组织形式)Buyer's Remedies(买方可以采取的救济措施)Carriage of Goods by Air(航空货物运输)Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine Cargo Insurance(海上货物运输及其保险)Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading(在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务)Carrier's Immunities(承运人责任/义务的豁免)Cartels (企业联合/卡特尔)Categories of Investment Projects (外国投资的项目类别)Charterparties (租船合同)Charterparties by Demise (光船出租合同)China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments (中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策)Choosing the Governing Law(准据法的选择)CIF (cost, insurance and freight) (port of destination) (CIF成本\保险费加运费付至指定的目的港)Civil Law (民法法系)Clearance and Settlement Procedures(交换和转让程序)Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks(银行跟单托收)Commercial Arbitration (国际商事仲裁)Commodity Arrangements(初级产品/农产品安排)Common Enterprise Liability(企业的一般责任)Common Law (普通法系)Common Procedures in Handling Bills of Exchange (汇票处理的一般程序)Common Stock (股票)Company Taxpayers(公司/法人企业纳税人)Comparative Advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究) Compensation for Winding up (清算补偿)Comprehensive Agreements (综合性的协定)Compulsory Licenses(强制许可)Computation of Income(收入计算)Conformity of Goods(与合同约定相符合的货物)Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State(给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意)Consideration in Common Law(英美法上的对价)Contemporary International Trade Law(当代国际贸易法)Contract Law for the International Sale of Goods(国际货物销售合同法)Contract Liability of the Agent (代理人的合同义务)Contract Liability of the Principal (委托人的合同义务)Contractual Issues Excluded from the Coverage of CISG(排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题)Copyrights (著作权/版权)Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights(与知识产权有关的理事会)Coverage of Tax Treaties(税收条约的覆盖范围)Creation of Agency (代理创立)Creditors of Partners(合伙人的债权人)Currency Crises: The Role of Monetary Policy(金融危机:货币政策的作用与地位)Currency Exchange Obligations of IMF Member States(国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务)Currency Exchange(外汇交易)Currency Support(资金/财政援助)Custom(习惯)Customs Valuation(海关估价协定)Debt Securities (债券)Decision Making within the WTO(WTO内部决定作出机制)Deficiencies in the GATT 1947 Dispute Process (关税及贸易总协定1947争端解决程序的不足)Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit of Account(确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位)Definition and Special Features(定义和特征)Delayed Bills of Lading(提单迟延)Denial of Justice(司法不公)Development Banks (发展银行)Direct Effect(直接效力)Direct Exporting(直接出口)Directors' and Officer's Duties to the Corporation(董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务)Dispute Settlement(争端的解决)Dissolution by Agreement (协议解散)Dissolution by Court Order (依法院令状散伙)Dissolution of the Partnership (散伙)Distribution of Earnings and Recovery of Investments (收入分配和投资回收)Distribution to Shareholders (红利分配权)Doctrine of Imputability (归责原则)Documentary Formalities(文本格式要求)Double Taxation Provision(双重征税的规定)Double Taxation(双重征税)Duress (胁迫行为)Duties of Agent and Principal (代理人和委托人的义务)Duties of Agent to Principal (委托人的义务)Duties of Principal to Agent (代理人、的义务)Duty of Care in Partnership Business(对合伙事务尽心看护义务)Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith (忠诚和诚信义务)Effectiveness of an Offer(邀约/发盘的效力)Employment Laws in the European Union(欧洲联盟雇佣/劳工法)Employment Standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(经济合作与发展组织雇佣/劳工标准)Enforcement of Exchange Control Regulations of IMF Member States(国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行)Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the People's Republic of China (在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行)Enforcement of Foreign Judgment (外国法院判决的执行)Enforcement of Partnership Rights and Liabilities(执行合伙事务的权利和责任)Enforcement of Securities Regulations Internationally(国际证券规则的执行)Environmental Regulation(环境规则)Escape Clause(免责条款)Euro-currency Deposits(欧洲货币储蓄)European Communities - Regime for the Importation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas(欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理)European Union Law on Trade in Services(欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律)Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in Civil Law (大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权)Exceptions(例外)Exclusive Licenses(独占许可)Excuses for Non-performance (不履行的免责)Excuses for Nonperformance(不履行合同的抗辩/借口)Exemptions for New Members from IMF Member State Currency Exchange Obligations(国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除)Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation(征收)Extraterritorial Application of U. S. Securities Laws(美国证券法域外的适用问题)Failure to Exhaust remedies(没有用尽法律救济)Fault and Causation(过错和因果关系)Finance Ministry(财政部)Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade(对外贸易的价金支付)FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)(FOB装运港船上交货)Force Majeure Clauses (不可抗力条款)Foreign Investment Guarantees(外国投资的担保)Foreign Investment Laws and Codes(外国投资法)Formal and Informal Application Process(正式和非正式申请程序)Formation of the Contract(合同的成立)Forsed Endorsements(虚假背书)Fraud Exception in Letters of Credit Transaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外) Frauds on Bills of Lading(提单欺诈)Fraudulent Misrepresentation(受欺诈的误解)Free Zones(保税区/自由贸易区)Fundamental Breach(根本违约)GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments(服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺)General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holder in Due Course(票据持有人的一般要求和权利)General Standards of Performance(履行的一般标准)Geographic Limitations(地区限制)Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees(政府担保)Governmental Interest(政府利益原则)Governmental Sources of Capital(官方资金)Grant Back Provisions(回授的规定)Home state Regulation of Multinational Enterprises(本国对跨国企业的管理)Host State Regulation of Multinational Enterprises(东道国对跨国企业的管理)Illegality and Incompetency(行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定)IMF "Conditionality"(国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities(国际货币基金组织的机制)IMF Operations(国际货币基金组织的运作)IMF Quotas(国际货币基金的份额)Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction of Municipal Courts(国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权)Import-Licensing Procedures(进口许可证程序协定)Income Categories(收入分类)Income Tax Rates(所得税税率)Income Taxes(所得税)Independence Principles and Rule of Strict Compliance (信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则)Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements (保护工业产权的协定)Innocent Misrepresentation(因无知的误解)Inquiry(调查)Insider Trading Regulations(内幕交易规则)Insurance Cover (保险范围)Integration of Company and Personal Income Taxes(公司和个人所得税的征收)Intellectual Property Right Law (知识产权法)International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (解决投资争端国际中心)International Commercial Dispute Settlement (国际商事争端的解决)International Court of Justice (海牙联合国国际法院)International Factoring (国际保理)International Franchising(国际特许经营权)International Labor Standards(国际劳工标准)International Licensing Agreement(国际许可证协议)International Licensing Agreements (国际许可证协定)International Model Law(国际示范法)International Organizations(国际组织)International Persons(国际法主体)International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms(国际贸易术语解释通则)International Trade Customs and Usages(国际贸易惯例和习惯)International Treaties and Conventions(国际条约和公约)International Tribunals (国际法庭)Interpreting of the CISG (CISG的解释)Invitation Offer (要约邀请/要约引诱/询盘)Involuntary Dissolution (非自愿解散)Issuance of Securities(证券发行)Jurisdiction and Venue (管辖权和法院地)Jurisdiction in Civil Cases(民事案件的管辖权)Jurisdiction in Criminal Cases(刑事案件的管辖权)Know-how (技术秘密/专有技术)Lack of Genuine Link(缺乏真实的联系)Lack of Nationality(无国籍)Lack of Standing(身份不明)Law Applicable to Letters of Credit (调整信用证的法律)Law of Foreign Investment Enterprises of China (中国的外商投资企业法)Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures(中华人民共和国中外合作企业法)Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Equity Joint Ventures (中华人民共和国中外合资企业法)Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Capital Enterprises(中华人民共和国外资企业法)Legal Characteristics (定义和法律特征)Legal Structure of the WTO (世界贸易组织的法律框架)Legal System of International Business(国际商事的法律体系)Letters of Credit (L/C)(信用证)Liabilities of Makers, Drawers, Drawees, Endorsers and Accommodation Parties(票据制作人、出票人、付款人、背书人、代发人/担保人的责任)Liability for Environmental Damage(环境损害责任)Liability Limits(承运人责任/义务的限制)Licensing Regulations(许可证制度)Limitations on Foreign Equity(外国投资的资金比例限制)Limitations on the Excuses That Drawers and Makers Can Use to Avoid Paying Off a Bill or Note 661 (票据制作人、出票人拒绝付款借口的限制)Liquidated Damages (约定的损害赔偿金)Liquidation (清算)Maintaining Monetary Value(维护币值稳定)Major Principles of GATT 1994(关税及贸易总协定1947的主要原则)Marine Insurance Policies and Certificates (海运保险单和证书)Maritime Insurance(海运保险)Maritime Liens (留置权)Means of Delivery(根据交付方式)Mediation(调停/调解)Membership(成员)Memorandums of Understanding(谅解备忘录)Methods of Investment Contribution(出资方式)Mini-trial (模拟审判方式)Miscellaneous Taxes(混杂的,各种各样的税)Misrepresentation(误解)Mixed Sales(混合销售)Modification of Foreign In vestment Agreements(外国投资协议的修改)Money and Banking(货币与金融)Monopoly Control Authority (反垄断机构)Most Significant Relationship(最密切联系原则)Most-favored-nation Treatment (最惠国待遇原则)Movement of Workers(劳工流动)Multilateral Investment Guaranty Programs(多边投资担保计划/安排)Multilateral Trade Agreements(多边贸易协定)Multilateral Trade Negotiations (多边贸易谈判)Multinational Enterprise(跨国企业)Municipal Courts(国内法院的实践)Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系)National Foreign Investment Policies(内国的外国投资政策)National Investment Guarantee Programs(内国/国家投资担保计划/安排)National Law(国内法)National Monetary Systems(国内金融/货币体系)National Treatment (国民待遇原则)Nationality Principle(国籍原则)Negligent (innocent) Misrepresentation(因疏忽的误解)Negotiability of Bills and Negotiability of Notes(可流通的汇票和可流通的本票)Negotiation (谈判,议付)Noncompetition Clauses(限制竞争条款)Nondiscrimination(非歧视原则)Nonimputable Acts(免责行为)Nontariff Barriers to Trade(非关税贸易壁垒)Nonwrongful Dissolution (非不法原因散伙)Objections(异议)Obligations of the Parties (当事人各方的义务)Obligations of the Seller and the Buyer (买卖双方的合同义务)Offer (要约/发盘)Operation of Law (法律的原因而终止)Operational Reviews(营业审查)Opting In and Out(加入和退出)Organization of the IMF(国际货币基金组织的机构)Organizations Affiliated with the United Nations(联合国的相关组织) Overseas Private Investment Corporation(海外私人投资公司的案件)Parent Company(母公司)Passing of Property (产权的转移)Passing of Risk (风险的转移)Patents (专利权)Payable on Demand or at a Definite Time(付款要求或者在指定的付款时间)Payment of the Price(支付价款)Penalties for Noncompliance(对于不遵守法规的处罚)Perils and Losses(保险危险和损失)Persons Immune from Taxation(个人所得税的免除)Piercing the Corporate Veil(普通法上揭开公司的面纱/大陆法上公司人格否认原则)Place for Delivery(交付的地点)Post -Termination Relationship(代理终止后的有关问题)Powers during Winding up (合伙人在清算过程中的权力/权利)Practices and Usages(交易习惯和商业惯例)Preemption(先买权/优先权)Preshipment Inspection(装运前检验协定)Price-Fixing(定价)Private Insurers(私人/商业保险)Private Sources of Capital(私人资金)Products Liability Laws(产品质量法)Promissory Notes(本票)Promoter of International Monetary Cooperation(国际金融合作的促进者)Promoters(公司的发起人)Protection of Natural Resources(自然资源的保护)Protection of Subsidiaries(分支机构的保护制度)Protection of Workers' Rights by the Council of Europe(欧洲理事会关于劳工权利的保护)Protection through Tariffs(关税保护)Proving Foreign Law(外国法的查明)Provisions Governing Trade in Services in the North American Free Trade Agreement (北美自由贸易区协定中关于服务贸易的规定)Quality Controls(质量控制)Quantity and Field-of-Use Restrictions(对数量和使用领域的限制)Recognition and Enforcement of Awards (仲裁裁决的承认和执行)Recognition of Foreign Judgments(外国裁决的承认)Refusal to Exercise Jurisdiction(拒绝执行管辖权)Regional and International Development Agencies(区域性和国际性发展机构)Regional Integration(区域联合)Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor(区域性政府间关于劳工的规定)Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services(关于服务贸易的区域性政府间管理规则)Regional Monetary Systems(区域性金融体系)Regulation of Foreign Workers(外籍员工的的管理规定)Regulation of Pollution(防止污染规则)Relief(救济、赔偿)Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers(买卖双方都可以采取的救济措施)Remedies for Breach of Contract(违反合同的救济)Requests for Specific Performance(要求继续/特定履行)Residency Principle(居住地原则)Restrictions on Research and Development(对技术研究和发展的限制)Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of Intellectual Property Rights(知识产权保护期满后应用的限制)Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of the Licensing Agreement (知识产权使用许可合同期满后应用的限制)Right to Compensation (主张赔偿的权利)Rights and Duties (权利与义务)Rights and Responsibilities of Beneficiaries(收款人/收益人的权利与义务)Rights and Responsibilities of the Account Party(付款人/信用证帐户申请人的权利与义务)Rules of Origin(原产地规则)Rules of Private International Law(国际私法规则)Safeguards(保障措施协定)Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasures(卫生与植物卫生措施协定)Scope and Coverage of GATT 1947 and GATT 1994 (关税及贸易总协定1947和1994文本的调整范围)Screening Foreign Investment Applications(对外国投资申请的筛选/审查)Sectoral Limitations(行业/部门限制)Securities and Exchange Commission(证券交易委员会)Securities Exchanges (证券交易所)Securities Regulations(证券规章)Seller's Obligations(卖方的义务)Seller's Remedies(卖方可以采取的救济措施)Settlement of Disputes between ILO Member States(国际劳工组织成员国之间争端的解决)Settlement of Disputes between Intergovernmental Organizations and Their Employees (政府间国际组织与它的雇员之间争端的解决)Settlement of Disputes in International Tribunals(在国际法庭解决争端)Settlement of Disputes in Municipal Courts(内国法院的争端解决途径)Settlement of Disputes through Diplomacy(通过外交途径解决争端)Settlement of Disputes through Municipal Courts (通过内国法院解决国际商事争端)Shareholders' Inspection and Information Rights(股东的监督和知情权)Shareholders' Lawsuits (股东的诉权)Shareholders' Meetings(股东会议/大会)Shareholders' Rights and Liabilities (股东的权利和责任)Sharp Practices (欺诈行为)Signed by the Maker or Drawer(票据制作人或者出票人签名)Source Principle(税收发生来源原则)Sources of Corporate Financing (公司资本的来源)Sources of Foreign Investment Law of China (中国外国投资法的渊源)Sources of International Business Law(国际商法的渊源)Sources of International Law(国际法的渊源)Sources of Investment (投资范围)Sovereign or State Immunity(国家主权豁免)Specialization(国际分工专门化)Standard of Care(给予外国人的待遇/关照标准)Start-Up Standards(设立标准)State Responsibility(国家责任)Statements and Conduct of the Parties(当事人的陈述和行为)Statutory Choice-of-Law Provisions (强制选择条款)Structure of the WTO(WTO的组织结构)Subordinate Business Structures(商业分支机构)Subsidies and Countervailing Measures(补贴与反补贴措施协定)Supervision of Foreign Investment(外国投资的监管)Supreme Court Decision(最高法院的裁决)Systems for Relief from Double Taxation(避免双重征税的救济体制)Takeover Regulations(接管/收购规则)Taking Delivery(接受交付)Tariff-based Import Restriction (约束进口关税)Tariffs(关税)Tax Avoidance(避税)Tax Evasion(逃税)Tax Incentives (税收激励)Tax Sparing(节税)Tax Treaties(税收条约)Taxation(税收)Taxpayers(纳税人)Technical Barriers to Trade(贸易的技术壁垒)Technology Transfer(技术转让)Termination of an Agency (代理的终止)Termination of Corporations (公司的终止)Territorial Restrictions(地区限制)Textiles and Clothing(纺织品和服装协定)The Acceptance(承诺/受盘)The Administrative Discretion of Screening Authorities(筛选/监管机构的管理权)The Anglo-American Common Law System(普通法系或者英美法系)The Applicable Procedure Law (应用的程序法)The Applicable Substantive Law(应用的实体法)The Bank for International Settlements(巴塞尔国际清算银行)The Bill of Exchange(汇票)The Board of Directors (董事会)The Bretton Woods System(布雷敦森林体系)The Business Form(商业组织形式)The Buyer's Right to Avoid the Contract(买方解除合同的权利)The Central Bank(中央银行)The Choice of Money(货币的选择)The Convention on Insider Trading(内幕交易的公约)The Drafting of the CISG(CISG的起草)the Economic Globalization (经济全球化)The Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations(乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判结果的最后文本)The Foreign Exchange Market(外汇交易市场)The Founding of GATT(关税及贸易总协定的成立)The Framework Agreement(协定的框架)The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(关税及贸易总协定)The Importance of the Separate Legal Identity of Juridical Entities(跨国企业作为拥有独立法律地位的实体之重要性)The Interbank Deposit Market(银行间的储蓄市场)The International Labor Organization(国际劳工组织)The International Monetary Fund(国际货币基金组织)The International Standard(国际待遇/标准)The International Transfer of Intellectual Property(工业产权的国际转让)The Islamic Law System (伊斯兰法系)The Law Governing Bills of Exchange (调整汇票的法律制度)The Law of Agency (国际商事代理法)The Making of International Law (国际法的构成)The National Standard(国民待遇/标准)The Negotiation and Transfer of Bills and Notes(票据权利的转让和背书转让)The Obligations of Banks(银行的义务/责任)The Principal Characteristics(基本特征)The Role of Banks in Collecting and Paying Negotiable Instruments(银行在可流通票据的托收和付款中的角色)The Roman-Germanic Civil Law System(大陆法系或者罗马日耳曼法系)The Scope of International Law in Actual Practice (实践中国际法的范围)The Subordinate Structure(分支结构)The Transfer of Money(货币转移)The Turning Over of Documents(交付与货物有关的单证)The Uruguay Round(乌拉圭回合)The Value of Money(币值)The World Trade Organization (WTO) (世界贸易组织)The WTO Agreement (WTO协定)Third Party Relations of the Principal and the Agent (与委托人和代理人有关的第三人)Third-Party Claims and Personal Injuries(第三方的权利和人身伤害)Third-Party Rights (Himalaya Clause)(第三方的权利----喜玛拉亚条款)Time Charterparties (定期租船合同)Time for Delivery (交付的时间)Time Limitations(时效)Trade Barriers (贸易壁垒)Trade in Goods(货物贸易)Trade Liberalization Through Cooperation (通过合作实现贸易自由化)Trade Policy Review(贸易政策评审机制)Trade Terms(贸易术语)Trademarks(商标权)Trade-Related Investment Measures(与贸易有关的投资措施协定)Trading in Securities (证券交易)Transactions Covered in CISG(CISG适用的交易范围)Transnational Organized Labor(有组织的跨境服务的劳工)Transparency(透明度)Treaties and Conventions(条约和公约)Trial Court Decision(初等法院的裁决)Turnover Taxes(流转/交易税)Tying Clauses(搭售条款)Unconditional Promise or Order to Pay(无条件的付款承诺和要求)Unfair Competition Laws(不正当竞争法)UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC)(国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则,简称PICC)United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)(联合国国际货物销售合同公约,简称CISG)Validity and Formation of International Sale of Contracts(国际货物销售合同的成立和效力)Visas(签证)Voyage Charterparties (航次租船合同)Waivers(让渡、放弃)Winding Up (合伙清算)World Intellectual Property Organization(世界知识产权组织)World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Procedures(世界贸易组织争端解决机制)Wrongful Dissolution (不法原因散伙)WTO Antidumping Agreement (世界贸易组织反倾销协议)WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures(世界贸易组织的争端解决程序)。

国际商务英语单词

国际商务英语单词

Unit1customs areavisible tradeinvisible tradegross domestic product(GDP)portfolio investmentstocksbondscertificate of depositlicensingfranchisingtrademarkpatentroyaltycopyrightlicensorlicenseefranchiserfranchiseemanagement contractvalue chaincontract manufacturingturnkey projectBOT (Build Operate Transfer) intellectual propertyUnit2national incomeGNP(Gross National Product)per capita incomePPP(purchasing power parity) consumerismincome distributionOrganization of Economic Cooperation a nd DevelopmentinfrastructureCommonwealth of Independent States staple goodscreditor countryASEANfactors of production 关税区有形贸易无形贸易国内生产总值证券投资股票债券大额存单许可经营特许经营商标专利专利使用费,许可使用费,版税 版权给予许可的人接受许可的人给予特许的人接受特许的人管理合同价值链承包生产“交钥匙”工程建设、经营、移交知识产权国民收入国民生产总值人均收入购买力平价消费,消费主义收入分布经济合作与发展组织基础设施独立国家联合体(独联体)大路货债权国东南亚国家联盟生产要素economic integrationput up barriersfree trade areatariff ratesquota restrictionsNorth American FreeTrade Agreement(NAFTA)customs unioncommon marketsovereign statepolitical entitysignatorysettlementbanknotescirculationexecutive bodyEuropean Commissioncommissionercouncil of ministersmulti-polarizationDual-Ministerial Meetingsub-committeecartedOPECin a detourterritory economics internationalizationinternational economic environment double digittechnical improvementsday-to-day runningjurisdictionaffiliateshare holdershost countriesnatural resourcesprimary commoditiesspecializationeconomies of scaleendowment of naturecapital,land and labourabsolute advantagecomparative advantagetariffs barriers 经济一体化设置障碍自由贸易区关税税率配额限制北美自由贸易协定关税同盟共同市场主权国家政治实体签字国,签字人结算纸币,钞票货币流通行政机构,执行机构 欧盟委员会委员,特派员,专员 部长理事会多极化双部长会议分委员会卡特尔,联盟石油输出国组织以迂回的方式区域性经济体国际化国际经济环境两位数字的技术进步日常管理权利,管理范围分支机构,附属机构 股东东道国自然资源初级产品专业化规模经济自然的赋予资本、土地和劳动力绝对利益比较利益关税壁垒quotacustoms unionimport dutiesexport dutiesad valorem dutiesspecific dutiescompound dutiesdrawbackmost-favoured-nation(MFN)treatment concessiontariff schedulenon-tariff barriermeans of transportinland water vesselscargo compartmentplaces of historical interest accommodationsimmigrantremittancetrade termstrading practicesamendmentpremisesdestinationroll on-roll off trafficcustoms clearancetrade fairstrunk callenquiryquotationvalidity periodoffereecounter offersales contractsales(purchase)confirmation business linecontract properconsignmentcontracting partiesforce majeurearbitrationcotton piece goodscotton yarnsarticle number 配额关税同盟进口关税出口关税从价税从量税复税,混合关税退税最惠国待遇让步税率表,税则非关税壁垒运输工具内河船只货仓古迹膳宿供应,招待设备移民汇款贸易术语;交易条件贸易惯例修正案;修正条款;修改(企业、机构等使用的)生产场所经营场址 目的地,终点滚装滚卸式运输结关商品交易会长途电话询盘,询价报价有效期收盘人还盘销售合同售货(购货)确认书业务范围,经营范围合同本身,合同正文寄售缔约方不可抗力仲裁棉布棉纱货号counter tradeterminologynet positionshyperinflationEuropean Payment Unioncompetitive devaluation photocopying machineclearing systemcompensation tradeprocessing tradeleasingagencypolicy objectivesprotectionismfinancial marketcentrally planned economiesdebtordebitfinancial standingcreditworthinessperiodic paymentscash in advancedraftbill of exchangedrawerdraweepayeeusance draft(tenor draft,term draft) documentary draftclean draftbill of ladingtitle to the goodsinsurance policydocumentary collectiondocuments against payment(D/P) documents against acceptance(D/A)go bankruptopen accountapplicantopening bankbeneficiarycorrespondent bankadvising bankconfirming bank 对销贸易;反向贸易术语实际头寸极度通货膨胀欧洲支付联盟竞争性贬值复印机清算系统,清算制度补偿贸易加工贸易租赁代理政策目标贸易保护主义金融市场中央计划经济国家债务人借方,记入借方的款财务状况资信可靠状况分阶段付款预付现金汇票汇票出票人受票人受款人远期汇票跟单汇票光票提单货物所有权保险单跟单托收付款交单承兑交单破产记账交易开证申请人(也叫opener或principal) 开证银行受益人往来行,关系行通支行保兑行unit pricepartial shipment transshipmentprice termscarrying vessel mechanismclean creditnon-trade settlement revocable credit irrevocable credit confirmed creditleading bankdouble assurancesight creditusance creditcapital turnoverface valuetransferable creditnon-transferable credit middlemannon-draft creditdeferred payment revolving credittake delivery of commissiondiscountshipping markssignaturein general termsmemos(memorandum) consignorcarriageconsigneenotify partyairway billcargo receiptthe insuredcurrencycommercial invoiceport of shipmentshipping advicenatural product provinces carriercommon carrier 单价分批装运转船价格条款,价格术语运载船只,载货船只机制光票信用证非贸易结算可撤销信用证不可撤销信用证保兑信用证主要银行双重保障即期信用证远期信用证资金周转面值可转让信用证不可转让信用证中间人无汇票信用证推迟付款循环信用证提(货)佣金折扣唛头,运输标记签字用概括性的词语,用一般性词语表达 备忘录,便笺托运人运输收货人被通知人空运提单铁路运单,货运收据被保险人货币商业发展发货港,起运港装船通知产品自然领域承运人,运载工具公共承运人contract carrierprivate carrier entrepreneurintermediate product finished productsper-unitshipperinventoryjust-in-time inventory logisticscost economiesintermediate products insurerenterprisepoolpremiumclaimclientmarginhandmaidenknown premiumrelease of fundstime lagunderwritersutmost good faithport of originbrand-newplatinumindemnitytie upcontributionpro rateFord carpercentagesubrogationnegligentforwarding charges proximate cause of the loss insurable interestthe capital tied up exchange rategold standardpar valuereserve currency 契约承运人自有承运人企业家,业主中间产品制成品每一单位托运人,发货人,货主存货,库存零库存物流节约成本,成本节约中间产品承保人企业,公司统筹的资金;共同款项保险费索赔顾客,主顾保证金起服务(或辅助)作用的事物已知的保险费腾出资金在时间上的间隔保险公司最大诚信货物原产地港口崭新的白金损失赔偿占用,冻结分摊按比例(美国)福特轿车百分比;(全部中的)所占比例:部分 代位;取代疏忽的,玩忽的交货费用导致损失的直接原因可保险权益占用的资金汇率,兑换率金本位制平价储备货币interactionclean floatdirty floatvice versaspecial drawing right BOP deficitdiscount rateidle fundsdirect quoteindirect quotebuying rateselling ratemedial ratemultilateralfinancial resources earningsspell outcriterionsubscription replenishments prerequisitepopulation-planning nutritioncornerstonecapital marketborrowing powergold tranchereservegrace periodprivate sectorequity investmentcut across sectoral lines standby arrangement investment returns beveragetunacannerybiogeneticsbiotechnology Volkswagencustomer mobility inventorytax holidayacquisition 交互作用清洁浮动肮脏浮动反过来也是这样,反之亦然特别提款权国际收支赤字贴现率邮资(汇率)直接标价(汇率)间接标价买入价卖出价中间价多边的,多国(或多方)参加的 资金收益,赢利详细说明,明确规定标准,准则捐助,认捐补充或增加的(资金)必备条件,先决条件人口计划营养基石资本市场借款权黄金份额储备金,准备金优惠期,宽限期私营经济股权投资超越部门界限备用(信贷)安排投资收益,投资回报饮料金枪鱼罐头食品厂生物遗传学生物工艺学大众汽车客户流动存货免税期并购start from scratchjoint ventureparentthe greenfield strategyinvestorsecuritiesstatuteequitiesindicesgilt-edged stocksbrokerjobbersecondary capital marketmarket floorlisted marketincome taxqualificationsstanding committeecriteriaVATshortfallpractitionerlong-term capitalprimary capital raisingoptionsaccession tobe traced back tocontroversyframeworkGeneralized System of Preferences non-discriminatepredecessorfull employmentthe most-favored nation clause trade-relatedfull-fledgedverdicttariff concessionroundinstitutional strengththresholdcounter-veiling measuresanti-dumpingnational treatment 白手起家,从零开始合资企业母公司,总公司,创始组织绿地战略投资者有价证券法令,法规,成文律(股息不定的)普通股,股票 (index的复数形式)指数金边证券经纪人,中介人,掮客股票买卖经纪人二级资本市场交易场地挂牌证券交易市场所得税资格常务委员会(criterion的复数形式)标准增值说(全称为value added tax) 亏空,不足开业者长期资本对新发行的有价证券的筹措活动 期权(合同),选购权加入追溯到争议,争论框架,机构普惠制不加区别的,非歧视的前任,原来的事物充分就业最惠国条款与贸易有关的完全合格的,名副其实的裁决,判决关税减让回合制度力量,行政力量门槛,开端反贴补措施反倾销国民待遇tariff quotafair tradeECOSOCforumterms of tradeescape clausesterritoryaction programmepreferential customs tariffsorganconferencepreferencenon-discrimination principledifferential treatment new international economic ordertransfer of technology 关税配额公平贸易联合国经济及社会理事会公开讨论的机会;论坛贸易条件免责条款,例外条款领土,领地行动纲领特惠税机构,机关(正式)会议(年会)优先(权);优先选择(权) 无差别待遇原则差别待遇国际经济新秩序技术转让。

国际商法课件ppt课件

国际商法课件ppt课件
• Treaties are binding agreements between two or more states, and conventions are legally binding agreements sponsored by international organizations, such as the United Nations.
1941(1941年《美国对外贸易定义修正本》) • UCP600(2007年《跟单信用证统一惯例》)
• 3. National Business Laws
III. History of International Business Law
• 1. Ancient Roman Law stage(古罗马法阶段) • 2. Jus Mercatorum stage (商人习惯法阶段) • 3. Nationalized stage(商法本国化阶段)
• Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air(统一国际航空运输某些 规则的公约)
• United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods,1980(联合国国际货物多式联运
• Bern Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (关于保护文学艺术作品伯 尔尼公约)
• Universal Copyright Convention (世界版 权公约)
• Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights 与贸易有关的 知识产权协定

专业词汇中英文对照表(GlobalMarketing)

专业词汇中英文对照表(GlobalMarketing)

专业词汇中英文对照表Acts of God 不可抗力AAA (American Arbitration Association) 美国仲裁协会arbitration 仲裁,公断analogy 类推法aesthetics 美学agent 代理商acquisition 收购advertising 广告advertising appeal 广告诉求advertising copy 广告文案advocacy advertising 倡导式广告black market 黑市BEMs (Big Emerging Markets)大新兴市场BOP (Bottom of the pyramid) 金字塔的底部(经济落后国家)balance of payments 国际收支;贸易支付差额bribery 贿赂benefit segmentation 利益细分behavior segmentation 行为细分brand equity 品牌资产bipolar fashion 两极时尚barter 实物交易;物品交换BTO (built to order) 按订单生产bargaining power 议价(或谈判、交涉等的)实力(或权限) broadband 宽带bluetooth 蓝牙Customs Union 关税同盟Common Market 共同市场collectivist culture 集体主义文化cultural typology 文化类型说common law (case law)普通法(案例法)civil law 成文法copyright 版权counterfeiting 伪造conflict resolution 冲突解决cluster analysis 集群分析;聚分析consumer panel 消费者反应研究小组cobranding 联合品牌cencentrated global marketing 集中全球营销cost-based pricing 成本加成定价CIF (cost,insurance,freight) 成本加保险费和运费CFR (cost and freight) 成本加运费cost-based transfer pricing 基于成本的转移价格competitive pricing 竞争性定价countertrade 对等贸易;反购贸易counterpurchase 互购;反向购买compensation trading 补偿贸易convenience store 便利店category killer “品类杀手”-掌握特定系列商品的优惠专卖店containerization 货柜运输,货柜装货corporate advertising 企业广告creative execution 创意执行collaborating 协作convergence 聚焦;集中channel 渠道competitive advantage 竞争性优势cross-border 跨国界的;跨境的centrally planned socialism 计划配置体制centrally planned capitalism 计划市场体制capital flow 资本流动;资金流current account 经常帐户capital account 固定资产帐户;资本性帐户call option 购买选择权distribution 渠道、分销domestic market 国内市场domestic company 国内型公司deficit 赤字depreciate 贬值;折旧devaluation (货币)贬值diffusion of innovation 创新扩散dispute settlement 争议调停demographic segmentation 人口统计细分diversification 多样化dynamical 有力量的differentiated global marketing 差异全球营销delivered duty paid 完税后交货(制定目的地)dumping 倾销distributor 分销商department store 百货公司discount store 廉价商店ethnocentric 母国中心的extension approach 延伸方式experience transfers 经验移植EU (European Union) 欧盟economic system 经济体制economic freedom index 经济自由度排名economic exposure 经济风险economic union 经济联盟environmental sensitivity 环境敏感性EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) 电子数据交换,无纸贸易ethnic segmentation 种族细分equity stake 股权ex-works 工厂内交货emotional appeal 感性诉求Foreign Exchange market 外汇市场forward market 期货市场FTA (Free Trade Area) 自由贸易区Femininity 女性气质FCPA (Foreign Corrupt Parctices Act) 国外腐败行为法FCCP (Foreign consumer culture positioning) 外国消费者文化定位franchising 特许经营FAS (free alongside ship) 装运港船边交货FOB (free on board) 船上交货fluctuation 不稳定性form utility 形态效用flagship model 旗舰模式global marketing 全球营销globalization 全球化GMS (Global Marketing Strategy) 全球营销策略global or transnational company 全球或跨国公司geocentric 世界中心的GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关税与贸易总协定global strategy 全球战略GDP (Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值GNP (Gross National Product) 国民生产总值G-7 (Group of Seven) 七国集团global market segmentation 全球市场细分global teen 全球青少年细分市场global elite 全球精英阶层细分市场GCCP (global consumer culture positioning) 全球消费者文化定位greenfield investment 绿地投资government controls,subsidies 政府控制和补贴grey market 灰色市场global retailing 全球零售业hyperinflation 恶性通货膨胀high-context culture 高背景文化high touch product 高感性产品hypermarket 大卖场international company 国际型公司individualist culture 个人主义文化International Law Commission 国际法律委员会ICJ (International Court of Justice) 国际法庭(海牙)international convention 国际约定international custom 国际惯例Islamic law 伊斯兰法律intellectual property 知识产权ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) 国际商会ICCA (International Council for Commercial国际商业仲裁理事会Arbitration)incipient market 初始市场incoterms 国际贸易术语解释通则inflationary 通货膨胀的intangible property 无形资产information utility 信息效用inventory management 存货管理intermodal transportation 协调联运IMC (Integrated Marketing Communication) 整合营销传播idiom 方言,土语image advertising 形象广告jurisdiction 权限joint venture 合资localized or adaptation approach 本地化或适应化方式Leverage 杠杆作用low-income countries 低收入国家LDCs (Least-developed countries) 中低收入国家LAFTA (Latin America Free Trade Area) 拉美自由贸易区low-context culture 低背景文化LTO (long-term orientation) 长期取向license 许可licensor 许可证颁发者licensee 许可证接受者litigation 诉讼latent market 潜在市场LCCP (local consumer culture positioning) 当地消费者文化定位labeling 标签logistic 物流management orientations 管理取向multinational company 跨国公司management myopia 管理短视market capitalism 市场配置体制market socialism 市场社会主义体制monetary policy 货币政策MFA (Multifiber Arrangement) 多种纤维协定merchandise trade 商品贸易masculinity 男性气质MIS (Management Information System) 管理信息系统marketing model driver 营销模式驱动因素market skimming pricing strategy 市场撇脂定价策略market holding 市场保持marginal-cost pricing 边际成本定价market-based transfer price 基于市场的转移价格nonmonetary cost 非货币费用NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区national controls 国家管制NTBs (Non-tariffs barriers) 非关税壁垒NIEs (newly industrializing economies) 正在工业化的经济nationalization 国有化negotiated transfer price 协议转移价格organizational culture 组织文化orthodox 传统的OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and经济合作与发展组织Development)option 优先选择权ownership 所有权offset 抵销outlet store 处理品零售店(名品折扣店)organic growth 有机增长polycentric 东道国中心的postindustrial countries 后工业化国家product saturation levels 产品饱和度power distance 权利距离persistance 坚持,继续perseverance 坚定不移Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法庭Public international law 公共国际法Private international law 私人国际法patent 专利primary data 原始资料;第一手数据psychographic segmentation 心理因素细分positioning 定位product warranty 产品质量保证书platform 平台penetration pricing policy strategy 渗透性定价price escalation 价格升级price transparency 价格透明度parallel importing 平行进口puleria 杂货店place utility 地点效用PR (public relationships) 公共关系publicity 公众度product differentiation 产品差异化R&D-Research and Development 研究开发rival 竞争者regiocentric 区域中心的regional economic agreement 区域经济协定resource utilization 资源利用restraining forces 限制因素right of priority 优先权rational appeal 理性诉求rivalry 竞争;敌对状态standardized approach 标准化方式scale economic 规模经济services trade 服务贸易STO (short-term orientation) 短期取向SRC (self-reference criterion) 自参照标准surveillance 监督,监视secondary data 次级材料;第二手数据survey research 问卷调查standardized global marketing 标准化全球营销sourced goods 货源货物syndrome 综合病症switch trading 转口贸易;转手贸易specialty retailer 专业零售商specialty store 特种商店supermarket 超级市场supercenter 特大购物中心selling proposition 销售主张slang 俚语substitute product 替代产品strategic intent 战略意图spreadsheet 电子数据表,电子制表软件tariff protection 关税保护trade deficit 贸易逆差;贸易负差额trade surplus 贸易顺差;贸易盈余transaction exposure 交易风险thrift 节约,节俭Triad regions 三元区域trademark 商标trade secret 商业秘密target market 目标市场transfer pricing 转移价格tangible property 有形资产time utility 时间效用upper-middle-income countries 中高收入国家uncertainty avoidance 不确定性回避United Nations Charter 联合国宪章UCC (Uniform Commercial Code) 统一商业编码法usage rate 使用度user status 使用者身份value chain 价值链VALS (Value and Lifestyles) 价值观和生活方式市场细分系统WTO-World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property世界知识产权组织Organization)warehousing 仓储wireless connectivity 无线连接。

《4.国际商法PPT(贸易术语)》

《4.国际商法PPT(贸易术语)》

关于派船与装运的关系
• 由于FOB条件下是由买方租船订舱,并将船名和预计到港时间通知卖 方的,而卖方又必须在合同规定的装运港和装运期内将货物备妥装船, 这就往往会因船货衔接不好而产生问题。通常如发生以下五种情况时, 风险将提前转移给买方: • 1、在约定的时间,买方拟派的船未到,导致码头仓储费用或货物停 留造成损失。此时,风险应提前转移给买方。 • 2、船只虽按约定的时间到港,但是停靠码头时要排队。此时,卖方 的风险应提前转移给买方。 • 3、只约定装运期,未约定买方何时派船到装运港,过了装运期,船 只才到,那么在装运期届满时,货物受损的风险就提前转移给买方, 而不管买方所派船只到否。 • 4、买方按时派船,但是由于各种原因(可能是船不适航或不适货), 不能装货上船,或者提前结束装船。此时,风险应提前转移给买方。 • 5、船按时到港,但是卖方没能及时装船,如果原因在于买方未给卖 方留出足够的时间装运货物,则由买方承担责任。
Incoterms2010 (11个贸易术语)
• • • • 一、贸易术语结构的变化。由13种减少为两种,且根据运输方式分为2组。 删掉了4个D组术语:DAF、DES、DEQ、DDU;新增了2个D组术语:DAT(Delivered At Terminal,终端交货)和DAP( Delivered At Place,指定地点交货) 二、“船舷”的变化 Incoterms2010取消了“船舷”的概念,不再设定“船舷”的界限,只强调卖方承担货物装上船 为止的一切风险;买方承担货物自装运港装上船开始起的一切风险。此次修订最终删除了“船舷” 的规定,强调在FOB、CFR、CIF下买卖双方的风险以货物在装运港口被装上船时为界,而不在规 定一个明确的风险临界点。(第二类中的四种术语,卖方交货点和货物运至买方的地点均是港口, 所以只适用于“海上或内河水上运输”。其中后三个术语,删除了原来“越过船舷”的交货标准, 并以货物“装上船”取而代之。这样更加准确地反映了现代商业现实,避免了以往风险围绕“船舷” 这条虚拟垂线的不确定性。) 三、在FAS、FOB、CFR、CIF等贸易术语中加入了货物在运输期间被多次买卖(连环贸易String Sales)的责任划分。考虑到对于一些大的区域贸易集团内部贸易的特点,规定 《INCOTERMS2010》不仅适用于国际销售合同也适用于国内销售合同。 四、增加了指导性说明 与《INCOTERMS 2000》相比,该说明更加完善,对每一个规则做根本性的解说。除了定义外, 还说明何时适用本术语以及在何种情形下适用其他术语,风险负担何时转移,买卖双方间的成本或 费用以及出口手续如何划分等事宜,以及双方应明确规定交货的具体地点和未能规定所引起的费用 负担。需要注意的是,在“指导性说明”中通常要求双方当事人自行明确风险转移的临界点,而非 由《INCOTERMS2010》本身去规定这些临界点。

国际商务-按字母排序的中英文词汇对照表教学内容

国际商务-按字母排序的中英文词汇对照表教学内容

国际商务-按字母排序的中英文词汇对照表《国际商务》课程中英文词汇对照表按字母顺序排列AAbsolute advantages 绝对优势Acceptable 可接受的Accountability 有责任;可说明性Ad valorem tariff 从价税率Administrative trade policies 管理贸易政策Adverse effect 反作用Agent 中介,代理商Agriculture 农业Ambiguity 歧义Andean Pact 安第斯条约Antidumping policies 反倾销政策APEC 亚太经合组织Aquiring & Merging 并购Asset 资产Assistance 援助Association 联系Attractive 有吸引力的Autonomy 自治权Availability 可利用性BBalance-of-payment accounts 收支平衡Balance-of-trade equilibrium 贸易均衡Bandwagon effect 从众效应Banking crisis 银行业危机Barrier 壁垒Barter 交易Benefit 好处,利益Bill of exchange 汇票Bill of lading 提单Buddhism 佛教Business ethics 商业道德Buyback 返销,回购CCAFTA 中美洲自由贸易区CAM 计算机辅助制造Capital flight 资本外逃CARICOM 加勒比共同体Caste system 种性制度Caveat 警告,附加说明Centralization 集中,中央集权化Channel length 渠道长度Channel quality 渠道质量Class consciousness 阶级意识Class system 等级制度Clear Vision 目的明确Code of ethics 职业道德,道德准则Collapse 崩溃,贬值Collect 收集,搜集Collectivism 集体主义Common market 共同市场Communist 共产主义者Comparative advantage 比较优势Compensation 补偿Competitive advantage 竞争力优势Computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计Concentration 集中,重视Confucian dynamism 儒家动力Confucianism 儒学Consumer 消费者Control system 操纵系统Core competence 核心能力Corporation 公司Correlation 相互的关系Counterpurchase 互购Countertrade 对消贸易,反向贸易Countertrade 反向贸易Countervailing duties 补偿义务Court of Justice 法庭Cross-cultural literacy 跨国文化的认识Cultural Barrier 文化障碍Currency board. 货币委员会Currency crisis 货币危机Currency speculation 货币投机Currency swap 互惠外汇信贷Current account 经常账户DDecentralization 分散,地方分权Demand 需求Democracy 民主政体Deregulation 违反规定,反常Dilemma 困境Diminishing returns 收益递减Dirty float. 不纯浮动,干预浮动Discipline 训练;自我控制Disclosure requirements 资料公开的要求Dispose 舍弃,处置Distribution Channel 分配渠道Domestic 国内的Drawback 缺点,障碍Dumping 倾销EEast African Community 东非共同体Eclectic paradigm 折衷范式Economic system 经济体制Economic exposure 经济暴露Economic growth 经济增长Economic of scale 规模经济Economic risk 经济危机Economic union 经济联盟Economies of scale 规模经济EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区Electronic data interchange 电子数据交换Element 成分,要素Empirical 经验主义Employee 受雇者;员工Employer 雇主Encourage 鼓励Enlargement 扩大Entry mode 进入方式Establish 建立Ethical strategy 道德策略Ethical system 道德制度Ethnocentric behavior 种族行为Ethnocentrism 民族优越感Eurobonds. 欧洲债券Eurocurrency. 欧洲货币European Commission 欧委会European Parliament 欧洲议会European Union 欧盟Exchange rate 外汇汇率Exclusive distribution channel. 独家分销渠道Exclusivity 排他性Eximbank 进出口银行Expansion 扩张Expenditure 花费,消耗Experience curve. 经验曲线Export 出口Export-import bank 进出口银行Exporting 出口的External stakeholders 外部经济相关者Externally convertible 外部可兑换的FFactor endowments 要素禀赋Factors of production 生产要素Far East Index 远东指数Favorable tax status 有利的税收地位Federal Express 联邦快递公司Financial market 金融市场Firm 公司First-mover advantages 先动优势First-mover advantages 先进入者优势Fisher Effect 费希尔效应Fixed Costs 固定成本Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率Flexibility 弹性Flexible 柔韧的,有弹性的Floating exchange 浮动汇率Focus 重点,焦点Foreign bonds 外国债券Foreign Credit Insurance Association 对外信贷保险协会Foreign debt crisis 外国债务危机Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 外国直接投资Foreign exchange market 外汇市场Forward exchange rate 远期汇率Franchising. 特许Free trade 自由贸易Free trade 自由贸易Free trade area 自由贸易区Freely convertibility 自由兑换Fundamental 基本的,重要的GGeneral agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) 关贸总协定General Motors 通用汽车Global Capital Market 全球资本市场Global Equity Market 环球股本证券市场Global learning 整体学习Global matrix structure 全球矩阵结构Global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略Global web 全球性网路Globalization 全球化Globalization of production 生产全球化Gold standard 金本位Grant 授予Greenfield investment 新投资Gross fixed capital formation 固定资本形成总值HHedging Strategy 规避战略Hinduism 印度教Horizontal differentiation. 水平差异Host-Government 东道国政府IImmobile recourse 不能转移的追索权Implication 暗示,启示Import quota 进口限额Inappropriate 不恰当的Incentive 鼓励措施Incidence 发生率,影响程度Individualism 个人主义Infant industry argument 新生工业争论Information technology 信息技术Infrastructure 基础设施Inport 进口Intellectual Property 知识产权Interdependent 互相依存的Interest rate 利率Internal stakeholders 内部经济相关者Internalization theory 内部化理论International business 国际商务International division 国际部International division. 国际分工International monetary fund (IMF) 国际货币基金会International monetary system. 国际货币制度International trade 国际贸易Intervention 干涉,干预ISO900. 国际标准化组织JJIT 准时生产Joint venture 合资Just 公平的KKnowledge network 知识网LLack 缺乏,缺少Late-mover disadvantages 迟入者劣势Law of one price 一价定律Lean production 精益生产Learning effect 学习效应Legal system 法律体制Letter of Credit 信用证Licensing 许可证发放Licensing agreement 专利使用权转让协定Local content requirements 当地成分要求Location 位置Logistics 后勤,物流MMake-or-buy decisions 自制或购买决策Management 管理Manufacture 生产,制造Market economy 市场经济Market imperfections 市场缺陷Market segmentation. 市场分割Marketing mix 销售组合Mass Customization 大规模定制Maximize 最大限度地利用Mechanisms 机制Media 媒体Mercantilism 重商主义Mercosur 南方共同市场Minimum efficient scale 最低有小规模Monetary Policy Autonomy 货币政策自主性Moral courage 道义勇气Multinational enterprise (MNE) 跨国公司Multipoint competition 多点竞争NNAFTA 北美自由贸易区Naive 幼稚的New trade theory 新贸易理论Noise 噪音Nonconvertible 非转化型的Nonverbal communication 非语言交流OOffset 抵消,补偿Offshore production 境外生产Oligopoly 供不应求的市场情况Optimal currency area 最适当的货币区Organization culture 组织文化Organizational architecture 组织框架Organizational structure 组织结构Output 产量PPartner 伙伴,合伙人Pattern 模式Pegged exchange rate 盯住汇率Performance 执行;表现Philosophical 哲学的Pioneering costs. 开创成本Political economy 政治经济学Political Ideology 政治意识形态Political system 政治体制Politician 政客Power distance 权利差距Price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性Process 进程Production possibility frontier 生产可能边界Profit 利润,收益Profit growth 利润增长Profitability 获益(情况),收益性Promotion 促销;晋升Property rights 产权Portfolio Diversification 组合投资多元化Pull strategy 前拉战略Purchasing power parity 购买力平价Pursue 追求,进行Push strategy 后推战略RRegional economic integration 区域经济一体化Regulatory interference 监管,干预Representative 典型的;代议制的Restrict 限制Retail 零售Retaliation 报复Rights theories 权力理论Right-wing 右翼的Role 作用;角色Root 根源SScheme 图解Seattle 西雅图Sight draft 即期汇票Six sigma 六西格玛Smoot-Hawley Act 史慕特郝雷关税法案Social mobility 社会流动性Social responsibility 社会责任Social strata 社会阶层Sophistication 混合Source effects. 来源效应Sovereignty 主权Specialized 专业化的Specific tariff 从量关税Speculation 推断;投机活动Spot exchange rate 即期汇率Stock of foreign direct investment 外国直接投资总额Stockholder 股东Strategic alliances 战略联盟Strategic commitments 战略承诺Strategy pricing 定价战略Strategy. 策略Structure 框架,结构Subsidy 补贴,津贴Supply chain 供应链Switch trading 转手贸易TTariff 关税Taste 口味,爱好Telecommunication 通讯Terrorism 恐怖主义The cost of capital 资本成本The Investment Boom 投资风暴The Product Life Cycle 产品生命周期Theocratic 神权的Time draft 远期汇票Timing of entry. 进入时机Total quality management. 整体品质管理Totalitarianism 极权主义Trade balance 贸易平衡Trade creation 贸易开辟Trade diversion 贸易转移Trade policy 贸易政策Traditional 传统的Transaction exposure 交易风险Translation exposure 折算风险暴露Transportation Technology 交通运输技术Tribal 部落的Turnkey project. 交钥匙工程,总包工程Type 类型UUnacceptable 不可接受的Uncertainty 不确定性Uncertainty avoidance 不确定性规避Universal needs 普遍需求VValue 价值Value creation 价值创造Vertical 垂直的,纵向的Volatile 不稳定的Voluntary export restraint (VER) 出口自动限制WWage gap 工资差距Watershed 分水岭,转折点Wholly owned subsidiary. 全资子公司World Bank 世界银行World Trade Organization (WTO) 世界贸易组织Worldwide area structure 全球区域结构ZZero sum game 零和博弈。

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Carriage of Goods by Air(航空货物运输)
Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit(信用证的通知和确认)
Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine Cargo Insurance(海上货物运输及其保险)
Agent for International Settlements(国际结算代理人)
Cartels (企业联合/卡特尔) Categories of Investment Projects (外国投资的项目类别) Charterparties (租船合同) Charterparties by Demise (光船出租合同)
Applicability of the CISG (CISG 的适用范围) Application of Home State Labor Laws Extraterritorially(内国劳工法律域外适用) Applying for a Letter of Credit(信用证的申请) Approval of Foreign Investment Applications(外国投资申请的批准)
序的不足)
Compensation for Winding up (清算补偿)
Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit of Account(确定货币的总额或者计价的货
Comprehensive Agreements (综合性的协定)
币单位)
Compulsory Licenses( 强 制 许 可 )
China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments (中国大陆鼓励 外国投资的基本政策) Choosing the Governing Law(准据法的选择) CIF (cost, insurance and freight) (port of destination) (CIF成本\保险费加运费付
Civil Law (民法法系) Clearance and Settlement Procedures(交换和转让程序) Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks(银行跟单托收)
Artistic Property Agreements(文学艺术品产权协定)
Arbitrage(套汇)
至指定的目的港)
Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses (仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款) Arbitration Tribunals(仲裁机构) Artistic Property Agreements(保护文学艺术作品的协定)
Bills of Lading (提单) Branch Banking(银行的分支机构) Business Form and Registered Capital (企业形式和注册资本) Business Forms(商业组织形式) Buyer's Remedies(买方可以采取的救济措施)
Administrative Management (经营管理)
Company Taxpayers(公司/法人企业纳税人)
1
学海无 涯
Comparative Advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)
Deficiencies in the GATT 1947 Dispute Process(关税及贸易总协定 1947 争端解决程
Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究)
Definition and Special Features(定义和特征)
Computation of Income(收入计算)
Delayed Bills of Lading(提单迟延)
Conformity of Goods(与合同约定相符合的货物) Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State(给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意) Consideration in Common Law(英美法上的对价)
Commercial Arbitration (国际商事仲裁)
Assignment(合同权利转让)
Commodity Arrangements(初级产品/农产品安排)
Attorney-General(法律总顾问)
Common Enterprise Liability(企业的一般责任)
Automatic Dissolution (自动散伙)
Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading(在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务)
Agreement of the Parties(协议选择原则)
Carrier's Immunities(承运人责任/义务的豁免)
Agriculture(农业协定) Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR 解 决 方 式 ) Anticipatory Breach in Common Law (普通法上预期违约) Antidumping Authority(反倾 A Note on the Incoterms(国际贸易术语通则解释)
Bases of Income Taxation(所得税的征税依据/基础) Battle of the Forms(形式上的分歧/冲突)
Absolute Advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论) Acceptance with Modifications(对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺) Acceptance(承诺/受盘) Act of State Doctrine(国家行为主义) Act of the Parties (当事人的行为)
Common Law (普通法系)
Average Clauses( 海 损 条 款 ) Avoidance(解除)
Common Procedures in Handling Bills of Exchange (汇票处理的一般程序) Common Stock (股票)
Bank Deposits(银行储蓄)
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