词汇学第一章

stylistics
formal written language informal colloquialism terminology(术语): Butterfly Effect slang(俚语): a social butterfly jargon(行话): a package deal literary: archaic, poetic ......
Generally, the vocabulary refers to the sum total of 一门课程, 一个人或者某一历史时期所有的词汇。
words in a language. 但词汇也可以指一种方言、一本书、
Classification of words
Full words: content/notional words They are meaningful in themselves. (nouns, verb, adj, adv, numerals) Form words: grammatical/functional words They are meaningful only when combining with other words. So they have no independent meanings proper(狭义的，严格意义上的). (articals, prep, conj, pron, pronominal adverbs) (代副词: when, where)
etymology词源学
etɪ'mɒlədʒɪ mother tongue sharp-tongued
language
lingua(拉丁语) linguist lingustics graphy: writing
lexicography 词典编纂学
biography geography calligraphy
applied linguitics
sociolinguistics, stylistics, etymology, lexicography......
来是"康姆"去是"购" (come, go) "好度由途叙阔情" (how do you do)
pidgin
源自文库洋泾浜
British English vs. American English Differences in spelling:
Translate this poem into Chinese.
You say that you love rain, but you open your umbrella when it rains. You say that you love the sun, but you find a shadow spot when the sun shines.
How to define a word?
The definition of a word covers 4 points: a. a minimal free form b. a sound unity c. a unity of meaning d. it can function alone in a sentence
• transparent and opaque words Opaque words: the majority of the words How they are formed can't be explained. Transparent words: echo-words and compounds such as: buzz, cuckoo, ping-pong, blackberry • native words and loan words The native words in English are Anglo-Saxon words. Loan words are also called borrowed words.
简单地说，词汇学就是一门研究词语的学科。 具体来说，它主要研究词的来源，历史发展， 形态结构，构词法，意义和使用。
The domains of lexicology
As a sub-branch of linguistics, lexicology is related to: phonology(sound stress) general grammar(eg. -er, -ous, -y) linguitics morphology semantics
You say that you love the wind, but you close your windows when wind blows.
This is why I am afraid, when you say that you love me too.
普通版： 你说你爱雨，但下雨时，你却总躲在雨伞里。你说你爱阳光， 但阳光四射时，你却总是藏在阴凉处。你说你爱风，但起风 时你却关上窗。这就是我害怕你也说爱我的原因。 文艺版： 你说烟雨微芒，兰亭远望；后来轻揽婆娑，深遮霓裳。你说 春光烂漫，绿袖红香；后来内掩西楼，静立卿旁。你说软风 轻拂，醉卧思量；后来紧掩门窗，漫帐成殇。你说情丝柔肠， 如何相忘；我却眼波微转，兀自成霜。 诗经版： 1. 子言慕雨，启伞避之。子言好阳，寻荫拒之。子言喜风， 阖户离之。子言偕老，吾所畏之。 2. 雨霏霏，君不沐；日灼灼，君不驻；风徐徐，君不抚；我 情切切，君不负？
数理系
知道我在做什么吗？给你5个选择：1、想你；2、很想你；3、非常想你；4、超 级想你；5、以上皆是。
广告策划系
征婚启事：男，本科，只差几分；在跨国机构上班，KFC擦桌子；有房，多人拥 有；有车，非机动；觅貌美女青年共赴黄泉，若干年后。
气象系
天气预报：今天夜里到明天上午有时想你，下午转大到暴想，预计心情将由此 降低五度。受延长低气压带影响，预计此类天气将持续到见到你时为止。 历史系 据说最早的爱情诗是这样写的：你来自云南元谋，我来自北京周口，牵着你毛 茸茸的小手，啊！是爱情让我们直立行走！ 生物系 如果有来世，就让我们做一对小小的老鼠吧。笨笨地相爱，呆呆地过日子，拙 拙地依偎，傻傻地一起。即便大雪封山，还可以窝在草堆里紧紧地抱着咬你耳
A word is a minimal free form which has a given sound and meaning and grammatical function.
How large is the English vocabulary? A 10,000 B 100,000 C One million D One billion
(Bee, fireworks, photographer, George Washington, because it has the most stories, right hand, river bank)
(Kangaroo, mushroom, teapot, because it waves, break the silence, mom; Dad is father(farther), "Y")
1. What letter is an insect? 2. Screaming soaring into the sky, flowers of fire flying high. What is it? 3. What person tries to make others smile most of the time? 4. Which American man has had the largest family? 5. Why is the library the highest building? 6. What can you hold in your left hand, but not in your right hand? 7. What's the poorest bank in the world?
The vocabulary is influenced by social, economic, historical and cultural factors. Two methods of studying lexicology:
diachronic approach: focusing on the changes of words synchronic approach: studing words in one period 如：wife------它是由中古英语wif(女人)演变而来的。
The Riddle Game
1. A mouse has a large pocket. What is it? 2. What room has no walls, no doors, no windows, and no floors? 3. I begin with T and end with T,and I am full of T. What am I? 4. How do we know the ocean is friendly? 5. What will you break once you say it? 6. Who is closer to you, your mom or your dad? 7. What letter is a question?
Chapter 1
Lexicology and Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary
Objectives
You will learn about: Definition and domain of lexicology
Methods of studying lexicology
Br English centre traveller honour Am English Br English center traveler honor enroll analyse enquire Am English enrol analyze inquire
sociolinguistics
Definition of word and vocabulary
Classification of words
What is lexicology?
biology morphology psychology
logie: learning
Simply speaking, it is the study of words. Specifically, it deals with the origin, historical development, morphological structure, wordformation, meaning and usage of words.