关系代词that

◆关系代词that、which、who(m)、whose引导定语从句

1) 关系代词that只于限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语或宾语(不可作介词的宾语)

Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?(2005北京春)

A. where

B. when

C. that

D. what

解析：C。先行词是the chicken farm，定语从句缺宾语，所以应用关系代词that、which 或省略关系代词，选C。本题所给选项中，where、when都是关系副词，而what不能指代地点。

2) 关系代词which可引导非限定性定语从句，作从句的主语或宾语，指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容；此时，其引导的定语从句一般位于主句后面，常译为“这(那) 件事……”。

His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. it

解析：答案选A。关系代词which在从句中作主语，指代整个主句。

注意：That和which作关系代词，引导定语从句时的主要区别为：which可用于非限定性定语从句中，指代物或整个主句或主句中的一部分，也可以用于介词之后；而that则不能用于上述两种结构中。

3) 关系代词who和whom引导定语从句，都可用于指人，用法类似。区别主要在于：whom在从句中只能作宾语；而who在从句中可以作主语，也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom，但它的前面不能有介词；如果用于介词后指人时，必须用宾格的whom。在非限定性定语从句中，whom不可用that或who替代。例如：

Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't. (2006北京)

A. who; 不填

B. 不填; who

C. who; who

D. 不填; 不填

解析：C。两处空格后均为定语从句，均缺少关系词。第一个定语从句的先行词是woman，要用关系代词引导从句，同时该从句中缺主语，用who；第二个定语从句的先行词是those，在句中指人，其定语从句也缺少主语，用who。所以选C。

4) Whose引导定语从句时，其后应紧跟一个名词，构成名词短语，即“whose + 名词”的形式；whose引导的定语从句，其先行词不仅可指人，还可指物；若指物时，还可用of which 代替，但词序不同，即“whose +名词= the + 名词+ of which”。例如：

•Look out! Don't get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair. (2006福建)

A. whose

B. which

C. of which

D. what

解析：A。关系代词whose意为“……的”，表示所属关系，在定语从句中作定语，修饰从句的主语roof；从句中whose roof 指的是the house's roof。由于roof前缺少修饰限定词，故此处不能用of which代替。

•Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. (2000上海)

A. which price

B. the price of which

C. its price

D. the price of whose

解析：B。先行词为“an ancient Chinese vase”，而定语从句讲述的是这个vase的price 如何如何，同时，从句缺少主语，所以要用whose price或the price of which来引导从句。

◆关系副词where、when、why引导定语从句

关系副词where、when、why引导的定语从句，分别在从句中充当地点、时间、原因状语。

• If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005 上海)

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. where

解析：D。先行词是chairs，在定语从句中作地点状语，要用where，相当于“in which”。

•We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer. (2003 北京)

A. which

B. that

C. whose

D. when

解析：D。先行词是age，when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。

◆As引导定语从句

1) As用于限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或状语，构成the same...as、such...as等结构。例如：

• I like the same book as you do. (as作宾语)

• I've never seen such a clever boy as he is. (as作表语)

• I shall do it in the same way as you did. (as作状语)

• These houses are sold at such a low p rice _____ people expected. (2000 上海春)

A. like

B. as

C. that

D. which

解析：答案选B。As在定语从句中作expected的宾语。

2) As引导非限定性定语从句，作从句的主语、表语或宾语，用来指代整个主句的内容，常译为“正如……”。但不同于which，as引导的定语从句既可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，还可位于主句中间。例如：

•The Beatles, _____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

A. what

B. that

C. how

D. as

解析：D。As代表整个主句The Beatles came from Liverpool，作remember的宾语。

•____ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the countries are making progress.

A. It

B. A s

C. That

D. What

解析：B。As代表整个主句talks between the countries are making progress，作定语从句中的主语。句意为：正如报纸上所报道的那样，各国的会谈取得了进展。

◆限定性定语从句中关系词的省略

1) 关系代词的省略：当关系代词that、who(m)、which在作从句谓语动词的宾语时，可以省略；但是whom和which若在从句中作介词的宾语时，不可以省略。例如：•— Do you have anything to say for yourselves? (2006 江西)

— Yes, there's one point _______ we must insist on.

A. why

B. where

C. how

D. /

解析：D。该题中的先行词是one point，定语从句we must insist on前省略了作宾语的关系代词which或that。

•— Why does she always ask you for help?

— There is no one else ______, is there? (2005 北京)

A. who to turn to

B. she can turn to

C. for whom to turn

D. for her to turn

解析：B。该题中的先行词是no one else，she can turn to前省略了作宾语的关系代词whom 或who；值得注意的是, 本句还可以写成to whom she can turn。

2) 关系副词的省略：

①The time、every time、each time、the moment等后的关系副词可省略。例如：By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Einstein had learnt advanced mathematics all by himself.

②在某些表示地点的名词(如the place)后，关系副词有时也可以省略。例如：This is the place (where) we met years ago.

③先行词the reason后面的关系副词可省略。The reason (why) he did that is quite clear.

④当先行词是way时，关系副词常常省略。例如：I appreciate the way (that) you teach us.

•What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it. (2004 湖北)

A. the way

B. in the way that

C. in the way

D. the way which

解析：A。根据句意该用the way，所以在A和D中选择。然后考查the way后接定语