材料改性题库

1物理改性和化学改性的分类依据是什么？

是否发生化学反应

2物理改性有哪些？有何特点。

Adsorption,complex,hydrogen bonding,sharp transition by forces

Additive modification ,polymer blending ,polymer composition, physical crosslinking btw polymers

Simple, economic and easily processing,normally used modification method

吸附、混合、氢键、sharp transition by forces(力作用的急剧转变)、添加剂改性、聚合物共混、聚合物合成、聚合物间的物理交联。

特点：简单、经济、过程简单、通常采用改性方法

3 化学改性有哪些？有何特点？

Copolymerization, grafting polymerization, chemical crosslinking

Functional groups reaction in polymer

共聚，接枝聚合，化学交联，聚合物的官能团反应。

特点：长期的影响，成本高，难以形成规模，交联改性可以在加工过程中加入交联剂。

4 表面改性有哪些特点？

Medification only at surface of the materials

Homogeneous heterogeneous

Low cost in comparison with bulk modification

Chemical oxidation treatment ,surface corona treatment,surface flame treatment ,surface thermal treatment and surface graft polymerization.

Internal property no change surface property enhanced (luster ,hardness,wear resistance ,antistatic ,flame retardant ,adhesion ,printability, and heat resistance)表面光泽、硬度、耐磨、防静电、阻燃、粘合性、印刷性、热合性

只在材料的表面上改造（均匀的和不均匀的），与本体改性相比成本低，具体有：化学氧化处理，表面电晕处理，表面火焰处理，表面热处理和表面接枝聚合，特点：内部属性: 没有变化;

表面性质：增强（表面光泽、硬度、耐磨、防静电、阻燃、黏合性、印刷性及热合性等

5 list the methods of polymer modification

Polymer blends 共混改性

Chemical modification 化学改性

Additive and polymer fiber reinforce 填充与纤维增强改性

Surface modification 表面改性

Polymer composites 复合改性

6 tell the difference between compatibility and miscibility

Compatibility 相容性

Miscibility: 混溶性，thermodynamic ability to be mixed at the molecular level . compatibility 相容性；

Miscibility 混溶性；thermodynamic ability to be mixed at the molecular level（在分子水平上共混的热力学能力）

7 高分子体系能够混合的热力学条件是？

∆G<0 和

8 高密度聚乙烯和低密度聚乙烯具有相似的链结构，为何相容性不好？

要相容性好，两者要有强的相互作用，这两者是非极性的，之间只有范德华力和色散力，所以两者间的相互作用力差，相容性不好。

9 从分子结构角度来说，如何提高聚合物体系的相容性？

增大相互作用力（分子间、偶极作用）

10 举例说明完全相容高分子共混物？

PS/PPO, combines the heat resistance, the inflammability and the toughness of PPO with the good processability and the low cost of PS；This type of blend exhibits only one glass transition temperature (Tg), which is between the Tgs of both blend components in a close relation to the blend composition

（中文部分）PS/PPO，结合了PPO的耐热性、易燃性和韧性与PS的易加工性和低成本性；这种类型的共混物仅有一个玻璃化转变温度（Tg），这个温度是介于混合组分的Tg之间，与共混组成密切相关。

11 举例说明部分相容高分子共混物？

答案：a (small) part of one blend component is dissolved in the other. This type of blend, which exhibits a fine phase morphology and satisfactory properties, is referred to as compatible.

Both blend phases (one being rich in polymer 1, the other phase being rich in polymer 2) are homogeneous, and have their own Tg. Both Tgs are shifted from the values for the pure blend components towards the Tg of the other blend component. PC/ABS blends,

一种共混物组分的一（小）部分是溶解在其他之中的。这种类型的共混物表现出一种很好的相形态和符合要求的性质，也就是相容。

两种共混相（一相在聚合物1中较多，另外一相在聚合物2中较多）是均匀的，有他们各自的Tg。他们的Tg是从纯混合组分的Tg值变化到其他混合组分的Tg。如：PC/ABS共混物

12 list the strategies for compatibilization of polymer blends.

添加预聚的接枝嵌段共聚物，添加反应性高分子，添加低分子量的化学试剂，链交换，力化学，添加有选择性的交联试剂，引入特殊作用，添加离子交联聚合物，添加第三种能与所有共混相（部分）相容的聚合物，增容的其他多方面途径。13比较一下两种提高二元共混午的相容性方法的优略：（1）添加接枝或嵌段共聚物（2）添加反应性高分子原位形成共聚物。

答案：advantages over the addition of premade block or grafted copolymers.：（1）reactive polymers can be generated by free radical copolymerization or by melt grafting of reactive groups on to chemically inert polymer chains；（2）reactive polymers only generate block or grafted copolymers at the site where they are needed, i.e. at the interface of an immiscible polymer blend；（3）the melt viscosity of a (linear) reactive polymer is lower than that of a pre-made block or grafted copolymer, at least