上海新世纪英语高三下册同步全解

Unit 1

单元目标

1. 复习-ing分词和-ed分词的各种用法

2. 运用现在分词和过去分词进行描述

3. 学习描述性文章的写作

要点精讲

1．关键词

remove…from, lose grasp on, make a mess, do damage to, clean up, yell at, a pool of, come to do, be afraid to do, make a breakthrough, sort of, up to now, put a price o n, heart and soul, close one’s ears to, have faith in

2．功能

1) Talking about past events

Did you go/see…? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. I went to the aquarium/saw…

Were there any…? Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t any…

I used to take a walk in the early morning.

He used to live in my neighborhood.

Did you use to go fishing with friends?

We have known each other for 6 years.

We used to go to the movies about once a week.

It has been a long time since last came here.

……

2) Talking about similarities and differences

be similar to

likewise

the same as

like (prep.)

similarly

be different from

contrary to

on the contrary

by contrast (to)

3．现在分词和过去分词

现在分词：（1）-ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如：

Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.

不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。

His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。

（2）-ing分词的一般式和完成式：.

-ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如：

Being a student, he was interested in books.

作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。

Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the

examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。

（3）-ing分词的被动式：.

-ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)。如：

The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。

They are talking about his having been criticizing by the teacher.

他们正在谈论他被老师批评的事。

Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.

被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。

注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如：

Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned.

你的鞋需要清洗一下了。

This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。

（4）-ing分词的语法作用.

-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。

1)–ing分词（短语）作主语：

Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。

Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。

在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。

①为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如：

It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。

It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。

②在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。如：

There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。

There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡。

2) -ing分词（短语）作表语：

His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是收集邮票。

The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令人困惑。

3) -ing分词作宾语：

①–ing分词作动词宾语。如：

I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。

We enjoy attending Miss Li's class. 我们喜欢听李老师的课。

②--ing分词作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如：

I'm against inviting him to dinner. 我反对邀请他来吃饭。

They don’t feel like walking that much.他们不喜欢走那么多路。

注意：在有些句子中，介词常可省去。如：

I have no difficulty (in) communicating with foreigners.

我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。

He used to spend a lot of time (in) playing games. 过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。

What can prevent us (from) getting married? 有什么能阻止我们结婚？

4) -ing分词作定语：

①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：

reading room阅览室swimming pool 游泳池dining car餐车

sleeping car卧车 a sleeping child一个酣睡的孩子the exciting news令人振奋的消息