最新-2018年职称英语《理工A》真题及答案解析 精品

2018年职称英语《理工A》真题及答案解析
（红色字体为答案）
第1部分词汇选项
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。

1. This was disaster on cosmic scale.
A. modest
B. commercial
C. huge
D. national
cosmic：极其广阔的
2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.
A. amazing
B. depressing
C. predictable
D. dull
monotonous：单调的，枯燥乏味的
3. A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.
A. equal
B. certain
C. large
D. opposite
inverse：相反的
4. His professional career spanned 16 years.
A. started
B. changed
C. lasted
D. moved
spanned：跨越[时间]
5. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.
A. eased
B. improved
C. relieved
D. appeared
提示：该题出现出题错误
原题：
The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten years later.
A. eased (减轻，缓解)
B. improved(提高改进)
B. relieved(减轻，缓解) D. appeared(出现)
解析：答案选项D是不及物动词，后面不能带宾语。

6. The group does not advocate the use of violence.
A. limit
B. support
C. regulate
D. oppose
advocate：提倡，拥护
7. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.
A. act
B. homework
C. justice
D. model
8. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.
A. motionless
B. silent
C. seated
D. true
stationary：静止的，固定的
9. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.
A. point
B. result
C. finding
D. tendency
inclination：倾向
10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.
A. sincere
B. respectful
C. empty
D. terrible
hollow：空的
11. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.
A. copy
B. publish
C. summarize
D. furnish
render：提供
12. That uniform makes the guards look absurd.
A. serious
B. beautiful
C. impressive
D. ridiculous
absurd：荒谬的，荒唐的
13. The department deferred the decision for six months.
A. put off
B. arrived at
C. abided by
D. protested against
deferred：推迟
14. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated .
A. invented
B. reproduced
C. designed
D. reported
duplicated：复制
15. The country was torn apart by strife.
A. conflict
B. poverty
C. war
D. economy
strife：冲突
第2部分阅读判断
下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Experience the world in 3D game
Ever wondered how your cat or dog sees the world? Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game that recreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence.
The online simulation, created by the French3D design company Dassault Syst èmes, with the guidance of veterinary ophthalmologist (眼科专家)Didier
Schmidt-Morand, mimics (模仿)the vision of five animals – cats dogs, rats, hawks and bees – as a player steers them through Place Vend洀攀 in Paris.
Due to differences in field of view, colour perception and night vision, for example, sight can be drastically different from species to species. "In terms of performance, eyes are as variable as different models of cars," says Schmidt-Morand.
The game was created by using existing virtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions of each animal's vision. Dassault's 3D software allows a scene to be modified by adding blur or changing the colours, angle of vision and depth of field.
Although it was easy to recreate vision inferior to that of humans – cats and dogs, for example, have trouble distinguishing shades of red –replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have more detailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and have a wider field of view. "We used virtual cameras to precisely simulate larger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous(令人作呕的)," says Schmidt-Morand. "So we tweaked(微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking to reality."
The rat's view also departs from reality: because they are near-sighted, everything more than 15 centimetres away is ablur, so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate. "A rat would never throw itself into the middle of an open area," says Schmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map in the top right corner to help determine the rat's position: because of their limited eyesight, most landmarks are obscured.
The game is intended as an educational resource and players can discuss their experience with others through community features on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos, the team hopes to recreate the vision of more animals.
16. The game developed by Dassault Systems is the first 3D game recreating(再现) the vision(视觉) of different species.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
文章中相关句:Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game that recreates the vision of different species …. The online simulation, created by the
French 3D design company Daasault, with the guidance of …. mimics (模仿) the vision of five animals --- cats,…
17. Dassult’s 3D software takes different perspective like color perception and angle of vision into account.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
文章中的相关句：due to differences in field of view, color perception and night vision, for example, … be drastically different from species to species….. Dassault’s 3 D allows … be modified by adding blur(模糊区域) or changing the colors, angle of vision and depth of…
18. The animals’ views in the software are the same as those in reality.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
文章中的相关句：“We used virtual cameras to precisely simulate larger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous(令人作呕的),” says Schmidt-Morand. “So we tweaked(微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking to(忠于) reality.”
19. Dogs have larger viewing angles than humans.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
文章中的相关句：Haws have more detailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and have a wider field of view.
20. It takes the team the longest time to recreate the rat’s view because they’re near sighted.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The team is working on recreating the vision of more animals.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案相关句：If there is interest from schools and zoos， the team hopes to recreate the vision of more animals.
22. Schmidt-Morand’s favorite animal is cat.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第3部分、概括大意与完成句子
23. Paragraph 2 ___B________
24. Paragraph 3 ______C_____
25. Paragraph 4 _____D______
26. Paragraph 5 ____F_______
A. Rising of sea levels
B. Impact of burning fossil fuels
C. Fast feedbacks
D. Slow feedbacks
E. Unpredictability of feedback processes
F.A prediction of future climate change
27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in ___D________.
28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach ____A_______.
29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing _____E______.
30.After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for
_____B______.
A. the exposed ground
B. a very long time
C. the extra heat
D. recorded history
E. previously published studies
F. rapid exaggeration of impacts
第4部分阅读理解
第一篇 A new strategy to overcome breast cancer
Post-menopausal(绝经后)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report , which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.
A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers&Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.
They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and
aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2018.Of thewomen,47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.
Dr.Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”
Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said:”This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal
day-to-day activity can make a difference.”
She added:”We knowthat the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”
31. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT ______.
A. breathing exercise
B. regular walking
C. recreational activity
D. lifestyle choices
32. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that ___.
A. women have fewer chances of physical activity
B. daily walking could cut the chance of breastcancer
C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk
D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer
文章中的相关句：We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.
33. Dr. Alpa Patel was ___.
A. head of the survey study
B. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology
C. chair of the American Cancer Society
D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign
文章中的相关句：Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist(流行病学家) at the American Cancer Society is Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study,….
34.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.
B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.
C. Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women
D. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women
文章中的相关句 Of the women, 47% said walking was their only recreational activity.
A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.
B. the study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.
, … so it ( the study) could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.
D. irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal(绝经后的) women
35. The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ___.
A. continuable
B. affordable
C. available
D. persistent
continuable(可持续的)
D: persistent：[尤指不好或不受欢迎的状态或情况]持续存在的，继续发生的;执著的;不屈不挠的
文章中的相关句：The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us…
第二篇The Northern Lights
The sun is stormy and has it own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’s gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind.
The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don’t worry because a protective magnetic fields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earth’s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect.
The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in theatmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.
Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.
Watching auroras(北极光)is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动), flicker(闪烁), or even move like waves. During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico! Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formedor airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.
We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!
36. The solar wind comes into being as a result of ___.
A. disappearance of the Sun’s gravity.
B. unpredictable weather of the Sun.
C. fast flow of energy away from the Sun.
D. a stream of particles being blown away.
干扰项：a stream of particles being blown away
文章中的相关句：Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind.
37. What happens when solar wind comes to the Earth?
A. A protective magnetic field is formed at the same time.
B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.
C. It destroys the protective magnetic field surrounding the Earth.
D. It breaks magnetic field lines and does severe damage to the
文章中的相关句：The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but don’t worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.
38. The Northern Lights are created when______
A. atomic particles fall to the Earth and collide with atmospheric gases.
B. the magnetic field lines fail tore connect.
C. the electrons falling to the Earth shine in different colors.
D. oxygen and nitrogen are separated from theatmospheric gases.
文章中的相关句： The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic (原子的)particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules(分子) in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.
39.Which of the following statements is true of the Northern Lights?
A. Their movement is slow enough to be observed with the eyes.
B. People cannot see them unless traveling to Alaska or Canada
C. They are very close to the ground.
D. They are very long and thick.
文章中的相关句：Watching auroras(北极光) is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动), flicker(闪烁), or even move like waves.
40. What is the author’s tone toward the Northern Lights?
A. Indifferent
B. Sarcastic
C. Sharp
D. Appreciative
Appreciative (欣赏的)
文章中的相关句：(文章最后一句)We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime. We know you will never forget it!
第三篇 Eye-tracker Lets You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance
Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be able to change stuff on your computer screen – and then move it directly onto your smart phone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.
A system called Eye Drop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – a photo, say – and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smart phone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.
"The beauty of using gaze to support this is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire" says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at Lancaster University, UK.
Turner believes Eye Drop would be useful to transfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display to your smart phone or for sharing photos.
A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midastouch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets
selected by your gaze, says Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clicke down everything it pointed at," he says.
Christian Holz, a researcher inhuman-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. "Eye Drop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching mechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner."
While current eye-trackers are rather bulky, main stream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii is developing gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops and tablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glass headset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.
Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or
drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.
41. The eye-tracker technology enables us to______
A. change our computer screen.
B. focus on anything that interests us.
C. get a smart phone connected wirelessly.
D. move an object from screen with a glance.
文章中的相关句：(第二段) A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mounted eye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows where you are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – a photo, say – and then pressing a key, selects that object. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smart phone just by glancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.
42. Why is a button needed?
A. To minimize the cost of Eye Drop.
B. To choose as many objects as possible.
C. To make EyeDrop different from others.
D. To select what we want.
文章中的相关句：(第四段)A button needs to be used to select the object you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midas touch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you look at gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. "
43. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______
A. application of gaze-tracking inhuman-computer interaction.
B. interaction between human and computer.
C. combination of gaze-tracking with input on touch devices.
D. generalization of Eye Drop system.
答案相关句： (第六段)Christian Holz, a researcher in human-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says the system is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of using gaze-tracking to interact. "Eye Drop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry with us most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutching(抓取) mechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very natural manner."
44. Which of the following statement is true of eye-trackers for consumer devices.
A. They are costly.
B. They are available.
C. They are installed in Google Glass headset.
D. They are expected to come out soon.
答案相关句：(第7段)While current eye-trackers are rather bulky(笨重的), mainstream consumer devices are not too far away.
45. What is Turner likely to study next?
A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.
B. How to present the system in public.
C. How to get touch screen involved.
D. How to cut and paste content from a public display.
超强干扰项：A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.
答案相关句：(最后一段)Turner says he has also looked at how content can be cut and pasted or drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on a touch screen. The
system was presented at the Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.
第5部分、补全短文
Wrongly Convicted(宣判有罪) Man and His Accuser(原告) Tell Their Story
NEW YORK,NY, January 5,2018. St.Martin’s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an “account of violence, rage, redemption(救赎)，and, ultimately forgiveness.”
The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal(折磨), Thompson swore(发誓) to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist(****犯), a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted(攻击) her brutally. ___F____(46) When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant (袭击者) from a book of mug shots(嫌疑犯照片), she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in a lineup(行列).
F. During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos(纹身)，or other identifying marks.
Based on her convincing eye witness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed the decision(提出上诉), and by the time of the appeals hearing(上诉听证会), evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. _____ D____(47) Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.
D. Another trial was held.
Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated(证明……清白)Cotton and just as unequivocally(明确地) convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime. _____E___ (48) “The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,” she wrote. “And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.”
E. Thompson was shocked and devastated(使震惊)
____A___(49) Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled “Our memoir(回忆录) of injustice and redemption(拯救).”
C. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital (可判死刑的)case
Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives “with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly ____C____(50)”
A. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally.
A. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally.
B. Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eye witnesses.
C. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital case
D. Another trial was held.
E. Thompson was shocked and devastated.
F. During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos(纹身)，or other identifying marks.
第6部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)
American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and Language retardation(延迟).They found that developing musical skill involves the (51) process in the brain as learning how to speak .The scientists believe that could (52) children with learning disabilities .
Nina Krauss is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois. She says Musical training (53) putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians .The (54) is not much different from learning how to speak .Both involve different senses .
She further explains musical training and learning to (55) each make us think about what we are doing .She says speech and music (56) through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem .The brain stem (57) our ability to
hear .Until recently, experts have though the brain stem could not be developed or changed. (58) Professor Krauss and her team found that musical training can improve a person’s brain stem activity.
The study involved involved individuals with different levels of musical (59) . They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures (60) activity. The individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument---the cello(大提琴).Professor Krause says cello have sound qualities similar (61) some of the sounds that are important with speech .The study found that the more years of training people had, the more (62) they were to the sound and rhythm of the music. Those who were Involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the (63) of sensory events was the strongest. It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning
(64) . She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they
(65) sentences and understand facial expressions better .
51. A. unique B. different C. same D. strange
52. A. help B. tell C. remind D .entertain
53. A. shapes B. involves C .relates D. enhances
54. A. form B. step C. point D. process
55. A. play B. sing C. speak D. think
56. A. pass B. use C. look D. put
57. A. develops B. controls C. assesses D. observes
58. A. So B. Moreover C. As D. But
59. A. instruments B. ability C. types D. contact
60. A. physical B. musical C. speech D. brain
61. A. as B. of C. to D. at
62. A. familiar B. inactive C. critical D. sensitive
63. A. reduction B. improvement C. interference D. implication
64. A. styles B. disabilities C. interests D. approaches
65. A. read B. write C. hear D. change。