六西格玛绿带讲义20基本统计学

Categorical (类项数据)Measurement Data (测量数据)

Nominal (名目型)Continuous (连续型)

Ordinal (顺序型)Counting (计数型)

Discrete Data 离散数据Variable Data 变量数据

计

计数型数据的缺点

Variable Data 计量型数据

Attribute Data 计数型数据

Continuous Data Count Data 连续数据计数数据

Often normal distribution

通常为正态分布

Usually Binomial or poisson

Distribution

通常为二项式分布或松分布

Actual value 实际数值Pass /Fail 合格/不合格10

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Excellent data definition

实际定义严谨Poor data definition 数据定义较差Smaller sample required

需少量抽样

Larger sample required

需大量抽样

x x

至于我们不能只看平均值, 还需要利用其他统计量来分析……

That’s why we cannot only look at the average value.

We need also to use other statistics to analyze

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20

Me Me Mo Qu

Range 极差

●样本极差为样本中最大和最小观测值之间的差别,即:

●极差是测量数据散布或变异的最简单的方法●但它忽略了最大和最小值之间的所有信息

r =x max -x min

41

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Number of Standard Deviations Theoretical Normal

Empirical Normal

52

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Deviations

标准差数目理论正态

经验正态

+/-1σ68%60-75%+/-2σ95%90-98%+/-3σ

99.7%

99-100%

鉴

即使非正态数据也能