高中连词与状语从句

并列连词和状语从句

并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。

1.表示并列关系的连词

表示并列关系的连词有and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。

2.表示选择关系的连词

表示选择关系的连词有or,either...or...等。

3.表示转折关系的连词

表示转折关系的连词有but,yet,while等。

4.表示因果关系的连词

表示因果关系的连词有for。

We listened eagerly,for he brought news of our families.

5.when作并列连词的用法

when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式:①sb.was doing sth.when...②sb.was about to/going to do sth.when...③sb.was on the point of doing sth.when...④sb.had just done sth.when...。如:

We were having a meeting when someone broke in.

我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。

6.while作并列连词的用法

while除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,也可作并列连词,意为“而,却”,表示对比。如:

He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.

他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。

状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。常考的有九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。

(一)时间状语从句

常用引导词:when,as,while,as soon as,before,after,since,till,until。

1.when,while,as的用法

一般情况下,若主句表示一个短暂性动作,从句是一个持续性动作,三者都可以用。

(1)when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语可以用非延续性动词,也可以用延续性动词,而while从句中的谓语必须是延续性动词。如:

Were you writing when the teacher came in?

When/While my mother was cleaning the room,I was washing my clothes.

(2)when引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生,也可以是先后发生;while则强调主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。如:

When the clock struck twelve,all the lights went out.

While they were talking,the bell rang.

(3)as引导的从句的动作与主句动作同时发生。若从句动作的时间概念淡化而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时,只能用as。如:

The students took notes as they listened.

The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.

2.before的用法

before引导时间状语从句时表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前,翻译时比较灵活,常译为“在……之前;不等……就;……之后才”。如:

Check your report carefully before you hand it in.

The film had already begun before they got to the cinema.

Several days had gone by before I knew my dictionary was lost.

3.until/till的用法

(1)主句是肯定句时,主句的谓语用延续性动词,指动作一直持续到从句谓语表示的动作发生为止,意为“直到……”。如:

You may stay here until school is over.

I waited for him in the office until the meeting was over.

(2)主句是否定句时,主句的谓语用短暂性动词,指动作一直到从句谓语表示的动作发生时才开始,意为“直到……才……”。如:

He didn’t go to bed until his wife came back.

4.since的用法

(1)since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,谓语通常是短暂性动词,主句常用完成时态。如:

I have been teaching in this school since I left college.

(2)since常出现在“It is/has been+一段时间+since...”句式中,表示“自从……以来已经多长时间”。从句谓语动词是延续性动词或表示状态的静态动词,从句表示的时间是从该动作结束时算起;从句谓语是短暂性动词,则从该动作开始时算起。如:

It’s been two years since we came here.

It’s been a year since I smoked.

时间状语从句特殊引导词有:the minute/the moment/the second/the instant/immediately/directly,every time,the first time,the day,no sooner...than,hardly...when/before,scarcely...when。如:

I recognized her the moment I saw her.

我一眼就认出了她。

We had hardly started before/when it began to rain.

我们刚出发,就开始下雨。

(二)地点状语从句

引导词:where,wherever。如:

Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。

Wherever she goes,there are crowds of people waiting to see her.

她所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。

(三)条件状语从句

常用引导词:if,unless。

特殊引导词:as/so long as,only if,providing/provided that,suppose that,in case that,on condition that。如:

As long as you can keep away from them, you’re safe.

只要你离他们远一点,你就会安全。

Provided that you have the money in your account,you can withdraw up to $100 a day.

只要账户存款足够,你每天可提取不超过100美元。

(四)原因状语从句

常用引导词:because,since,as。

1.because语气最强,表示必然的因果关系,用来回答why的提问。如:

She’s got the job because she has the advantage of knowing many languages.

2.since语气稍弱,表示对方已经知晓的原因或事实,意为“既然;因为;由于”。如: