英语四级复习资料.doc

1.表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this.
2)The reasons for this are as follows.
3)The reason for this is obvious・
4)The reason for this is not far to seek・
5)The reason for this is that...
6)We have good reason to believe that...
例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly, people's living standard has been greaUy improved.Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or st but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modem life. 注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握，H J将其改写成两个句子。

如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写口J 以避免套用中的表达失误。

2.表示好处
1)It has the following advantages・
2)It does us a lot of good.
3)It benefits us quite a lot.
4)It is beneficial to us.
5)It is of great benefit to us.
例如：Books are like friends.They ca n help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
3.表示坏处
1)It has more disadvantages than advantages・
2)It does us much harm・
3)It is harmfulto us.
例如：However, everything dividesinto two.Television can also be harmful to us.lt can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion.
4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary, difficult, convenient, possible)for sb.to do sth.
2)We think it necessary to do sth.・
3)It plays an important role in our life.
例女U: Computers are now being used everywhere, whether in the government, in schools or in business.Soon, computers will be found in every home, too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age・
5..表示措施
1)We should take some effective measures.・
2)We should try our best to overcome(con quer)the difficulties・
3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with・
例女U : The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore, we must take some effective measures to solve it.
6.表示变化
1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years・
2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world's communications.
3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.
例如: Some changes have taken place in people's diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein, and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.
7.表示事实、现状
1)We cannot ignore the fact that...
2)No one can deny the fact that...
3)There is no denying the fact that..・
4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5)However, that f s not the case・
例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solveproblems, we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.
&表示比较
1)Compared with A, B...
2)1 prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3)There is a striking contrast between them.
例女n：Compared with cars, bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly,
they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly, they do not cause the pollution st but not least, they contribute to peopled health by giving them due physical exercise ・
9.表示数量
1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...
2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800 , 000.
3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.
例如：With the improvement of the living standard, the proportion of people's income spent on food has dec reused while that spent on education has increased・
再女U：From the graph listed above, itcan be seen that student use of computers has increased
from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.
注:"From the graph listed above, it can be seen that"见句式12。

考生将句式9 和句式12 结合在一起，便可较好地写ili 2002年6月CET -4. 6短文写作的第一段。

10.表示看法
1)People have(take, adopt, assume)different attitudes towards sth.
2)People have different opinions on this problem.
3)People take different views of(on)the question.
4)Some people believe that...Others argue that...
例如：People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeav ocHo we ver, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers・如：Do'lucky number<Teally bring go(xi luck? Different people have different views on it. 注：一个段落有吋很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。

11.表示结论
1)In short, it can be said that...
2)It may be briefly summed up as follows.
3)From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that...
例女U: From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary, howeverits method should be improved・
注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一•句。

12 .套语
1)It?s well known to us that …
2)As is known to us, ...
3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
4)From the graph(table, chart)listed above, it can be seen that...
5)As aproverb says, "Where there is a will, there is a way.
例女n： As is well known to us, it is important for the students to know the world outside campus. The reason for this is obvious.Nowadays, the society is changing and developing rapidly, and the campus is no longer an"ivory tower.As college students, we must get in touch with the world outside the campus.Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate. 再女口: Does it pay to be honest? This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different
开头句式背景句：
1 .There is no consensus of opinions among people as (o…some people tend to have a favorable attitude toward・・.While, others have an unpleasant association w让h・…
2.Recently, the issue of ....... has been brought into public focus.近来，___________ 的问题引起了社
会的广泛关注。

3.Recently the issue of (whether... or not) has been in the limelight (成为引人注目的中心)and
has aroused wide concern in the public. 近来，是否 ___________ 的问题已经非常明确而且引起了
社会的广泛关注。

4.Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is .... 随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其屮之一便是
5.Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have
taken place in people's attitude towards some traditional practice・现在我们进入了一彳、充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些传统的看法也发生了很人改变。

6._____ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young and heated debates
are right on their way.
_____ 已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

7Jn no country other than China, it has been said, is the problem of _______ more serious.
中间句式过渡句：
1 .Most of us, however, have formed a different picture of...some people thinktheyare beneficial, while others hold the opposite view.
2.And we rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue. 杲寸于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。

3.People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case・不I诃彳亍业的人对同-•种问题的解释不尽相同。

4.harbor the idea that,
take the attitude that,
hold the view th陆认为
5.Some people take the attitude that•…can produce positive effects on us
6.Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it.
First of all...Furthermore・・・What\ more
7.The other side of the picture is quite the opposite・
8.Others harbor the idea that,...may bring about negative impacts on us.
Those who strongly disapprove of... have cogent reasons for it. For one thing ,
For another,
9.There are some factors leading to this problem・
10.A number of factors are responsible for this problem・
11.A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following are the most critical ones.
结尾句式总结句：
1.Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures.
2.As far as I am concerned, lam inclined to be on the side ofthe former view. 在我看來，我较同意前一种观点。

3.After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the former view. 经过深思、熟虑，我较支持前i种看法
4.1n view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
5.For one thing, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to ban/reduce...
6.For one thing, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to ban/reduce …For another, the public should enhance their awareness of the importance of...・
With these measures taken, it is reasonable for us to believe that the problem will be solved in the near future.
7.________________________ 总而言之，我们离不开但是同时我们必须尽力找出解决可能出现问题的新办法。

All in all, we cannot live without ________ ・ But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.
8总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注__________ 问题。

只有这样，我们才能__________
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ________ ・ Only in this way can _________ in future.
话题预测：
四六级的话题主要集中在与我们相关的社会社会话题和与我们的学习成长相关的校园生活话题，因此针对这两大话题我为同学们准备了以下的一些话题，社会生活方而包括：对待老年人的问题，行为举止的问题，信息的问题；校园成长话题包括「谦逊，健康，知识的获取。

1 .Provide a Better Life for Senior Citizens
Now we have a growing population of senior citizens・ To ensure happy lives for them has become a focus of attention. Our traditional respect of the aged needs updating・They deserve respect, understanding, companion ,entertainment and so on. There are many things to be done to honor senior citizens. In cities, senior citizens should enjoy some privileges, such as special seats on buses, reduced fares for entertainment and traveling, and other benefits. We should do everything to solve their practical problems, to warm their hearts, and to make them happy・ In addition, we should find some ways to provide affordable medical health care, which is of vital importance to them. Besides, there should be recreation halls and care・ centers for the aged・ Most important of all, the state should ensure a decent pension for them, peasants in paiticula匚In the vast countryside, most aged people are financially supported by their sons, whose life is a perpetual struggle against poverty. What can they do if they are childless? Senior citizens, parents in particular, need our love and deserve the best care・ Respecting senior citizens bears vital import iince to the family - planning policy inChina .If we do our best to honor ouiparents and the aged, our children will follow our example.
2.1nformation and My Life
As you know, information plays an important role in our modern society. Someone ~ys that ours is a society of information. I agree with him. In fact, information is expanding at an increasing rate. As a member of modern society, I am fully aware of the significance of information to my life. It affects nearly every aspect of my life. Then how to obtain and deal with information seems to be of utmost importance ・ As for me, the first way to obtain information is to go to library. Our library is so large that it covers a wide range of subjects. Various kinds of information can be got in it. Information about society, economy, politics and sciences will give you a fresh mind. Of course, library isn't the only source of information. I can learn much information by other means・ Even when talking with my friends I can get a lot of useful information. But information is so immense that we haven't ample energy and time to deal deeply with'it. Moreover, some of the information might not be true. So, how to select information is also significant to me. Listen to all, trust only three tenths. To obtain accurate information and to throw off the false part of it should be our goal. Information should be made full use in my life. Right now, I try to use information mostly on my studies. When I get into society several years later, information will probably become more and more important
3.Good Manners
Good manners are very important in the communication of daily life. Everyone likes a person with good manners・ But what are good manners? How does one know what should do and what should not do when trying to be a good - mannered person?
Well, here are some common examples・ A person with good manners never laughs at a people in trouble. Instead, he (she) always tries to consult or offer help to the person. When he (she) takes a bus and sees an old man or a sick man, he (she) always gives his (her) seat to him. He doesn't interrupt other people when they are talking. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs. He does not spite in public places・Ideas of what are good manners are not always the same in different regions・ For example, people in Western countries usually kiss each other to show their greetings, whereas inChina, kissing in public is something of unusual and sometimes be regarded as impolite to somebody else. So it is important to know what is regarded as polite and impolite before you go to a region. But remember that it is always right to be kind and helpful to others.
4.Modesty
Modesty is one of the many qualities that cross ・ century young people should possess・ It makes you foresee your imperfections. It gives you the impetus to go forward・ Most important of all, it makes you accessible and creates favorable conditions for you in interpersonal contacts. However, many young people do not seem to realize the importance of modesty. Some of them just feel satisfied with a little success, without the slightest desire to make further progress. Others have too high an opinion of themselves, totally ignoring other people's suggestions and advice・Consequently, their immodesty often drives them up against the wall. Worst of all, immodesty takes many young people away from their colleagues and friends. Therefore they find fewer people with whom they can confide・
For you to be modest, the first thing to do is to have a full understanding of your deficiencies. No matter who you are and no matter how talented you are, you are unlikely to be all - powerful. In fact, you will always, in spite of your talents, find things about which you feel helpless. Besides, you should also admit other people's strong points and try your best to learn from them・ If you keep these two points in mind, you are on the right path to developing modesty.
5.The Importance of Physical Exercise
Everyone hopes to live happily in the world・ Physical exercise is indispensable to a happy life. There is a famous saying:H Life lies on exercise.0Although you will not necessarily die without regular physical exercises, theyll certainly help you live longer and more healthily.
Exercise is good for us to build our bodies. It helps co - ordinate the different parts of our bodies when wc have sports. For example, wc must try our best to co - ordinate the movements of the arms and legs when we play basketball, or we won't be able to shoot the basket. Exercise also benefits our organs. 1( lets the heart beat faster than usual, and then helps enlarge the blood vessels to protect us from heart attacks・Exercise can also contribute to the development of our ability to response agilely. For instance, when you play table- tennis, you must try to reflect as quickly as you can so that you may fight back at the right position at the fight moment・
作文:
竟争与合作(competition and cooperation)
when it comes to competition and cooperation, some people always emphasize competition but
neglect cooperation.
their reasons run as following: to begin with, they believe only competition can help them defeat their counterparts; in addition, they think competition is the only way to lead to success・but some others hold different opinion, they think cooperation is as important as competition, they base their opinion on the following reasons: on one hand, cooperation can build trust between each other and help to bring long-term relationship; on another hand, cooperation can turn a small and weak business into a big and strong one.
from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that both competition and cooperation are essential to success and thus should be emphasized at the same time・
如何成功|tn 试(how to succeed in a job interview)
when applying for a job, many people, school graduates in particular, have to have an interview with the employer before they are offered the job・
many graduates, however, do not know how to succeed in such an interview, the following are some of the rules to abide by.
to succeed in an interview, the applicant should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities, since much of the first and lasting impression of a person is the clothes he wears, the applicant should take care to appear well but modestly dressed, avoiding the extremes of too elaborate or too casual clothes.
besides, he should pay close attention to his manner of speaking, which should be neither showy nor familiar but rather straightforwiird, granmatically accurate, and friendly.
in addition, he should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the requirements of the position for which he is applying in relation to his own professional experience and interests, and finally, a really impressive applicant must convey a sense of serf confidence and enthusiasm for work, a factor that att interviewer value highly, the applicant who displays these characteristics, with just a little luck, witt certainly succeed in the typical personal interview.
if you can bear these rules in mind, chances are that you will succeed in ajob interview. 怎样而对压
力(How to Deal with Stress)
stress is a state of being upset that happens when we are under pressure. both our feelings and our bodies get upset, we can even get emotionally and physically sick if we have too much stress for too long.stress can come at us from every direction.for instance, it can come from fights with other people .it can come when we have too many things to do and too little time to do them ・ it can also come when we do not have enough money to pay for what we want.since stress can make us sick, we have to learn how to deal with it. there are good ways and bad ways to do so. we should deal with stress in good ways, of course ・ good ways to cut down on stress include changing our lifestyles, for example, we can learn either to get along with people or to stay away from them. we can decide what to do now, what to do later, and what to leave off doing foreve匚we can also figure out how to get money or we can cut down on what we want.
we should not deal with stress in bad ways because bad ways to cut down on stress just lead to more troubles, for example, skipping out and leaving our work undone, blaming our problems on someone else, stealing or cheating・。