医疗废物典型组分的热解特性研究

硕士学位论文

论文题目

医疗废物典型组分的热解特性研究

作者姓名苏鹏宇

指导教师岑可法教授

马增益副教授

学科(专业) 工程热物理

所在学院机械与能源工程学院

提交日期 2005年1月

Study on Pyrolysis Characteristics of Typical Components in Medical Waste

Candidate: Su Pengyu

Supervisor: Professor Cen Kefa

Associate Professor Ma Zengyi

Thermal Physics Engineering

Clean Energy and Environmental Engineering Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education

Institute of Thermal Power Engineering

Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

Jan.2005

学号

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摘要

医疗废物是头号危险废物，随着近年来医疗技术的快速发展及一次性医疗用品的普及，医疗废物不断的增加，已经成为医疗感染和环境污染的公害源。现在世界各国都在积极寻求有效的医疗废物处理技术。焚烧技术可实现医疗废物的减容、减量、杀灭灭菌，但它在处理过程中容易造成二次污染。而热解技术不仅具有以上焚烧的优点，还能节约能源，易于控制二次污染的产生而被认为是一种新型、有效的处理技术。各种医疗废物的处理技术与设备层出不穷，但大多是借鉴生活垃圾的处理设备进行改造而来的，并且对医疗废物处理的基础研究甚少。

本文依托国家自然科学基金项目（No.50276055），展开了医疗废物有机组分热解特性的基础研究，为进一步的深入研究奠定基础，同时为医疗废物回转窑炉的设计提供一定的实验依据。

第一部分，选用几种医疗废物的典型组分，进行了快速热解研究。这是对实物在热态处理时的热解过程的最佳模拟。分析研究了温度、含水率、粒径、质量等对失重特性的影响，最后对混合物料的热解进行了研究。

第二部分，在外热式回转窑实验台上，对医疗废物中的四种组分进行热解实验研究。针对温度、粒径、含水率、填充度、热解氛围对热解产物分布、热解过程以及产气特性的影响。热解终温的升高有利于有机质中挥发分的析出，使热解气产率增加，焦油与残炭产率减少，而水分含量的增加会影响这一变化规律；另外热解气成分中的烃类组分含量随热解终温升高而增加。

第三部分，对热解产生的残渣和焦油进行了热重实验研究，就是观测其在线性升温下，空气中的燃烧特性。因为回转窑里产生的这些残渣最终还是要焚烧的，而且其本身含有较高热值，焦油随同热解气体在二燃室燃烧反应。

关键词：医疗废物、快速热解、回转窑、焦油、残渣、动力学

Abstract

Medical waste is considered as the No.1 hazardous waste, according to the National Hazardous Wastes List. More and more medical waste are generated due to the development of modern medical science, and become a source of spreading diseases. Now scientists throughout the world are engaging in seeking effective medical waste handling methods. Although incineration can reduce the volume and weight of medical waste, and can sterilize it with high temperature, it is very easy to cause a second pollution during treatment. Pyrolysis technology not only has the advantages mentioned above but also can save energy, and much easier to control the generation of second pollution, which is regarded as an effective new treatment technology. There are a lot of technologies and equipments for medical waste treatment, but most of them come from the municipal solid waste treatment. Foundational reach on medical waste has rarely been carried out.

This paper relies on National Natural Science Foundation No. 50276055 and carried out the foundational research on medical waste’s pyrolysis , which can set up a foundation for further research and offer some experimental data for rotary kiln designing.

Part I, firstly, we selected kinds of typical medical waste components as the experiment materials , and carried on the fast pyrolysis experiment on them. This is the most vivid simulation to the course of true object which had been thrown into the kiln and taken pyrolysis reaction. We took great interesting on the factor such as the fixed temperature, moisture ratio, size,quality, and their affection to the fast-pyrolysis. Besides, the mixed components had also been experimented.

Part II, pyrolysis experiments of four typical components were carried out on an external-heating rotary kiln. Different affect factors of distributing of pyrolysis outcomes, pyrolysis process and property of gas producing were analyzed. The rising of final pyrolysis temperature favors the production of volatile in organics, increases pyrolysis gas production rate and decreases tar & char production rate while the rising of water content will affect this rule. Production of hydrocarbon in pyrolysis gas increases while final pyrolysis temperature rises.

Part III, Tar and char had been studied by thermo-gravimeter, combustion character had been analyzed when they were heated under linear temperature rising