中西文化比较

四、Thought patterns

1.Why are there so many different thought patterns?

1.History

2.Geography

3.Climate

China: temperate monsoon温带季风 America: continental

4.models of living

china : agricultural America : commercial

5.philosophy

China: Confucianism and Taoism

America: Ancient Greek

6.Living environment ,education method ,the thing they contact,

ideology, background ,culture ,lifestyle ,political concept ,

2.Are there any influence?

●On diction(用词) in speaking and writing

●On the way of organizing speaking and writing

●On the living styles

●On the communication style

3.differences between china and America

1.holistic thinking vs analytic thinking

holistic thinking a comprehensive thinking ---combining separate parts together

analytic thinking: separating the whole thinking to separated parts Chinese: synthetic(综合的)thinking America :analytic thinking

2.intuitive thinking vs logical thinking

intuitive thinking :direct thinking, direct sense instead of facts, statistics, and long analysis

3.associative thinking vs abstractive thinking

associating thinking (联想思维)：a kind of aesthetic thinking ,analyze processes and reforms the memorized idea ,then turn into a new idea

abstractive thinking: uses concept to reason and make judgement Chinese ；associate thinking---analogy(类推)，symbolism：修身，齐家，治国，平天下，良药苦口利于疾

America: abstract thinking---logical thinking

4.unitary thinking (单一的) vs opposite thinking

5.integrity and individuality

Chinese :collective 集体 Westerners: individualistic heroism

6.convergent 求同thinking vs different 存异thinking

五、Main religions :

Christianity 基督教 Islam伊斯兰教 Buddhism 佛教

◆Christianity

1.Time:1st century place: Palestine, Asia minor(west of Asia, Rome)

The originator : Jesus

2.Catholicism 天主教Protestantism新教（基督教/耶稣教）Eastern Orthodoxy 东正教

3.Bible:the bible has 2 parts；the old testament 39 books；the new testament 27 books

4.Baptism,prayer ,the ten commandments

5.Buildings:gothic,Romanesque,byzantine

6.Symbols:fish:jesus ‘ first followers were fishermen, cross: symbolizes how Jesus died

◆Islam

1.the origin of the world :verbal noun ;i-s-m---wholeness ,safeness and peace

2.the origin of Islam

Time:7th century place: Arable

Originator :Muhammad

3. Muhammad

Prophet—a messenger of god

Not a creator of a new religion ,but a prophet life Adam, Noah, Abraham ,Moses and Jesus

Convened the direct words of god in the Q ur’an

4.the god; Alah

god is described in the Qur’an ; he is god ,the one and only ; god ,the eternal, ; Muslims are not expected to visualize god

5.The classics: Qur’an 古兰经

6.Buildings: Mughal architecture 印度莫卧儿

The Persian architecture 波斯

The ottoman architecture 奥斯曼而土耳其

8.Symbols：moon and star

9. Do you know what they mean?

Usually, it was a symbol for old religions that worshipped the sun and moon. Then ,it became a symbol for Byzantium.

Buddhism

1.Time: about 6bc place: ancient India the originator: Buddhartha Gautama Shakyamuni 释迦牟尼

2.shakyamuni释迦牟尼