严复“信达雅”在文件翻译中的运用

严复“信达雅”在文件翻译中的运用
【摘要】自从严复提出了“信达雅”的翻译标准，这个标准就在中国的翻译界占有举足轻重的地位。

在这篇文章中，通过详细的分析严复所提出的理论和文件翻译的特点，最终得出如何才能更好的把此理论运用到文件翻译中去。

【关键词】“信达雅”；严复；文件翻译
Abstract：Since the criteria of translation “Xin Da Ya”was introduced by Yan Fu，it has become quite important in the field of translation in China. In this study，through analyzing the Yan Fu’s theory and document translation in detail，how the theory better applied to the document translation can be achieved.
Key words：“Xin Da Ya”；Yan Fu；Document Translation
Yan Fu is one of the famous translators in the history of China. In the preface to the translation of Evolution and Ethics，he pointed out that “there are three things difficult to achieve in translation：Xin （faithfulness），Da （expressiveness），Ya （elegance）.”Then can we apply this theory in the document
translation？According to Ko，the document translation refers to “the translation of various kinds of documents which are largely based on factual information，such as brochures and newsletters of various organizations，government policy papers and reports，legal documents，business correspondence，public notices，information sheet，operating manuals and instructions”（Ko 2005：49）. Moreover，Ko indicated that “in document translation，translators are required to maintain a high level of accuracy while also maintaining the natural flow of expression in the target language”. That is to say，when translating the document，a basic principle should be followed by translators，which is conveying information in the source text without distortion，addition or omission；at the same time the expression in the target language must be understood by target readers.
Based on the definition and requirement of document translation，the translation criteria proposed by Yan Fu can provide guidance at macro level to translators in document translation. The reasons are as follows：
First of all，Xin emphasizes the source text and requires the target text to be faithful to the source text. This means that the source text is the basis of translation and the target text is the
product of translation. In document translation，translators should remember that all the information in the source text should be translated faithfully.
Secondly，Da and Ya focus on the target text and takes readers of the target text into consideration. In document translation，translators need to make sure that the target text is comprehensible and conforms to the norms of target language，so the readers of the target text can fully understand the connotative meaning，and the communicative purpose of translation can be achieved. Thirdly，the relationship between Xin Da Ya is unified. The most basic function of translation is communication；therefore Xin is fundamental since it tries to preserve what is to be communicated. In addition to Xin，Da and Ya are also important to achieve the purpose of translation. Without any one of the three （Xin Da Ya），the communicative purpose of translation cannot be fulfilled. Therefore，in document translation，translators need to pay attention to Xin，Da and Ya.
In conclusion，Yan Fu’s Xin Da Ya can provide guidance at macro level to document translation as a general translation principle，but it is highly summarized and cannot take other factors of translation into consideration. Since translation is a
very complicated process，there are many factors which should be considered，such as the purpose of the translation，the intention of the writer，the requirement of the client and the needs of the prospective readers. So Translators need to consider each situation respectively and apply Yan Fu’s theory in their translation to achieve the best possible result.
References：
[1]Yan，F. （1898）. Preface to Tianyanlun （Modern Chinese Version）（S. Shen，Trans.）. In Lun Xin Da Ya：Yan Fu Fan Yi Li Lun Yan Jiu （Discussion of Xin Da Ya：the Study of Yan Fu's Translation Theory）. Taipei：Taiwan Commercial Publishing House
[2]Ko，L. （2005）. NAATI Accreditation for Translators in Australia：Theoretical underpinnings and practical implications. Translation Watch Quarterly （Inaugural Issue），46-58.。