2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习重大版讲义：循序写作 层级三 文顺形范夺满分—“起承转合有讲究(4个学案)

层级三文顺形范夺满分——“起承转合”有讲究(安排4个学案)

“起、承、转、合”是一篇好文章的普适架构。“起”是文章的开头，讲究简洁有力、引人入胜；“承”“转”是文章的中间部分，讲究内容充实、层次清晰；“合”是文章的结尾部分，讲究照应主题、回味深远。一篇错落有致、行文流畅的作文不仅能从视觉上吸引阅卷老师，更能从文笔上打动阅卷老师，作文取得高分甚至是满分也就在情理之中！

学案(一)引人入胜的开头与回味无穷的结尾

[引人入胜的开头]

开头一般来说要做到开门见山，使读者了解文章要谈什么，最好能立刻引起读者的兴趣。下面介绍几种开头的常见写法：

(一)书信的常用开头法——开门见山法

①I’m writing to invite you to visit a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition, which will be held in our school hall on May 5th Saturday.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)

我写信邀请您参观中国剪纸展览会，该展览将于5月5日星期六在我们学校礼堂举行。

②I’m writing to tell you something about my life and study in recent days.

我写信是想告诉你我最近几天的生活和学习情况。

③I’d like to invite you to take part in an outing.(2017·6月浙江高考应用文写作)

我想邀请你参加郊游。

(二)记叙文的常用开头法

1．故事背景法——交代人物、事件、时间、地点、背景等

①We’re going to Yendang Mountain to have an outing on July 8.We really hope that you can join us.(2017·6月浙江高考应用文写作)

我们打算7月8日去雁荡山郊游。我们真的希望你能加入我们。

②Last Tuesday, our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough figurines.(2015·北京高考书面表达)

上周二，我们班邀请了一位老艺人来教我们如何做面人。

2．往事追忆法——回忆过去发生的某件事

I still remember my first trip to the Mount Tai as if it were yesterday.

我依然记得第一次去泰山旅游的事情，就像是在昨天一样。

(三)说明文的常用开头法

1．点明中心法——开门见山点明所要介绍的事物

The pen is seen everywhere.In most cases, it only acts as a tool to write with, which I think is too simple.

钢笔到处可见。在大多数情况下，它仅仅作为书写工具，我认为这太简单了。

2．引用数据法——运用数据引出所要论证的主题

A recent study shows that 50% of the school kids don’t have breakfast.

最近的研究表明，有50%的学生不吃早饭。

(四)议论文的常用开头法

1．点明主题法——提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明和论述的主题

Through my years of school life, I’ve learned that if we are to make a difference in life, it’s vital that we should begin with small things.

通过几年的校园生活，我学会了如果我们要在生活中有所改变，从小事开始是非常重要的。

2．引用名言法——摘录或引用某些名人的名言或常见的习语、谚语作为文章的开头

When it comes to how to succeed, many people may think of the proverb “Where there is a will, there is a way.”

当谈到如何成功时，很多人或许会想到谚语“有志者，事竟成。”

3．列举实例法——通过一个实例或现象引出话题

Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic, which has seriously influenced people’s daily life and economic development.

现今，许多大城市的人们都在抱怨交通拥堵，它严重地影响了人们的日常生活和经济发展。

(五)图画作文的常用开头法

描述图画法——描写图画内容，为下文做好铺垫

As is vividly shown in the picture, one person is asking the other to do some voluntary labour.

正如图画中生动形象地显示的那样，一个人正在请另一个人做义务劳动。

[积累识记]

常见开头句式

As the proverb says/As the saying goes, “Time is money.”

As can be seen from the table, nearly everyone owns one mobile phone in China.

With the development of the Internet, computers play an important role in people’s life.

There is no denying that successful business lies in a healthy body and mind.

It is believed that health is above wealth.

It is well known that an elephant is a very kind and gentle animal.

I’m excited to learn that we are going to start a magazine.

[即时演练]根据提示翻译句子

1．收到你在市图书馆作报告的邀请我很高兴。(开门见山法)

I’m_so_glad_to_receive_your_invitation_to_your_lecture_in_the_city_library.

2．听说你在中学生英语朗诵比赛中荣获一等奖，因此我写信发自内心地祝贺你。(开门见山法) I_hear_that_you_have_won_first_prize_in_the_English_Recitation_Contest_for_middle_school_studen ts,_so_I_am_writing_to_give_congratulations_to_you_from_the_bottom_of_my_heart.

3．上周日，我和同学们去了香山公园。(故事背景法)

Last_Sunday,_my_classmates_and_I_went_to_the_Xiangshan_Park.