动词非限定形式

• 4. 与it连用、作为主语，作为补语的带to不定式
（1）it常常被用作主语，不定式从句放在句末或靠近句末的地方： It seems rude to turn down the invitation. It takes ages to defrost this fridge. 不定式从句有时可以用作主语，但与it句型相比不那么常见： To turn down the invitation seems rude. (2) 不定式从句可以用作补语放在be后面 The idea was to give everyone a nice surprise.
（1）不定式分两种：带to 和不带 to I’d prefer to sit at the back. I’d rather sit at the back. (2)带to不定式可以有完成时或进行时形式。 一般式（simple): to play 完成式（perfect）: to have played 进行式 （continuous）: to be playing 完成进行式（perfect and continuous ）:to have been playing (3) 不定式完成式表示较早发生的事情。 The man was relieved to have survived the accident. 不定式进行式用于延续一段时间的事情。 You’re lucky to be living in such a nice place. (4)不定式否定形式通常在不定式符号之前加not, never等否定词。 We decided not to buy that house. (5)不定式的被动态是由to be+-ed分词或 to have been +ed分词 The matter to be discussed at the meeting is a hard nut to crack. He is sure to have been taught by a good musician.
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• 2. 不带to的不定式
（1）在情态助动词之后（例外：dare, need） （2）在情态成语之后:would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, may/might (just) as well, cannot but/cannot help but, etc. would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon之后也能跟than-/as-分句，意 为“宁愿……而不愿”， than-/as-分句中用不带to不定式 （3）rather than/sooner than 置于句首时，其后跟不带to不定式；如果出现在句 中其它位置时，其后不定式既可带to也可不带to. (4)make/let/have等使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式，当使役动词变为被动态时， 不带to不定式转为带to 不定式： John made her tell him everything. →she was made to tell him everything. （5）see/hear/observe/notice/feel/watch等感觉动词+宾语+不带to的不定式，当 上述动词为被动态时，不带to不定式转为带to 不定式： They saw him enter the building. →He was seen to enter the building. (6) why…/why not… +不带to的不定式 (7)在介词except/but之后 如果except/but之前有do的某种形式，其后通常用不带to不定式，否则带to: They did nothing except work. There’s no choice but to wait. (8)help/help+宾语+（to）不定式 （9）主动词+主动词固定搭配的第一主动词之后不用加to: make believe, make do, let slip, let go 等。
2. You’re supposed to have been practicing. 3.I hate to be stared at. 4.It’s time to be going. 5.It’s annoying not to have received an invitation.
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不定式(infinitive) • 1.引言
3. 不定式符号to还是介词to
stealing (1) Keeping what belongs to another amounts to ______(steal). (2) When it comes tohelping _____(help) his wife with the housework, John never grumbles. (3) He came to ________(realize) that he was mistaken. realize learning (4) He applied himself to _________(learn) English. know (5) When you get to _______(know) him, you’ll like him. writing (6) After a long delay, he got round to _______(write) the letter. write beginning (7) I have a few letters to ______(write) preparatory to ___________(begin) the day’s work.
ING分词
（1）能带-ing分词不能带不定式的动词：admit, acknowledge等（p241-242）( (2) 动词+宾语+介词+-ing分词：trick/mislead/shame/surprise/talk/trap sb. Into doing Stop/prevent/keep/hinder/restrain/save sb, from doing (3) 接带to 不定式和动名词意义发生变化的动词 ①remember/forget to do 表示必要的行为及是否实施了该行为 remember/forget doing 表示回忆 ②regret to do 用于报告坏消息，遗憾地去做某事 regret doing 表示对过去的后悔 ③ dread to do 主要用于I dread to think/I dread to imagine I dread to think what might happen to you all alone in the big city. dread doing 表示使人害怕的事情。 I always dreaded being kissed by my aunts.
动词非限定形式
为每句话在一个或两个框内打勾。只看句中与带to不定式相关的词语。
simple We decided not to take part
perfect
continuous
passive
negative
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√ √ √ √ √ √ √
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1. I’d like to have seen the show.
• (4) to hear…/to see… 解释为什么某事会给你错误的看法。 To hear him talk, you’d think he was God’s gift to women. To see her walking around in her old clothes, you’d never guess she owned a multi-million pound business.
5. 用作状语的带to不定式
（1）目的 My friend has gone to town to do some shopping. （2）结果 The prince grew up to be a handsome young man. 可以把only 放在不定式前面，表示努力白费了。 We all arrived for the concert only to find it had been cancelled. (3) 说明：不定式从句也可以说明说话者的诚实性。 To be frank, you didn’t make a very good impression.
④ try to do 尽力做某事 try doing 试着做某事 ⑤ stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止一个行为
⑥ mean to do 意图做某事 Mean doing 意味着
⑦ get to do 意为得到做某事的机会或达成某事 I hope I can get to speak to the president. get doing 意为”开始” It’s half past seven. We’d better get going. ⑧ go on to do 意为做另一件事或下一件事 go on doing 意为继续做某事 ⑨ need/want/deserve 能够与带to 不定式连用 After all your hard work you deserve to succeed. 这些动词后面的动名词有被动意义： All these figures need/want checking= All these figures need/want to be checked.