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• Step 2 - In AUTO, select the error function type on the Error Function Definitions and Controls tab
– The default CODE V error function is usually a good start, but you may wish to make minor modifications, such as number of rays
– A process to improve the error function – A method of controlling boundary conditions
(constraints)
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-3
Goal of Automatic Design (Optimization)
• Best performance that can be achieved, subject to problem constraints
• This requires
– A defined error function (sometimes called a “merit function”)
• Bounded constraints are only imposed when necessary – Allows CODE V to operate in a least-constrained mode
• Constraints can be equality constraints or bounded constraints (single-sided bounds or double-sided bounds)
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-9
Cooke Triplet
• Choose File > New to launch New Lens Wizard (NLW), select CODE V Sample Lenses, locate the file cooke1.len
• Step 3 - Specify constraints (in addition to default general constraints)
– Use a minimum number of specific constraints – Do not over-constrain the system (failure guaranteed if you do)
Tight core with some flare
DEFOCUSING
0.00000
• Default error function is basically a weighted RMS spot size
6.35
MM
• Transverse ray aberrations are used (DX and DY from chief ray)
• CODE V uses a method called Lagrange Multipliers – Separates the constraint control from the error function – Provides very precise control of constraints – Equality constraints can be added to the error function if desired
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-5
Default CODE V Error Function
Dy, Dx
y
x
Transverse aberrations Dx and Dy measured from chief ray
Ray distribution in pupil 12 ray, all skew pattern
– On Pupil page change the Pupil Specification to Entrance Pupil Diameter and set the value to 17.857 (equivalent to f/2.8)
– Click Next> or Finish to complete NLW (accept defaults for other screens)
• All skew rays (no rays on meridional or sagittal planes)
– Traced for each wavelength, field, and zoom position
• Weighting is used
– Wavelength weighting (default is same as LDM) – Field weighting (default is same as LDM, users may wish to override
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-4
CODE V Error Function
• Five types of error functions in CODE V:
– Weighted transverse ray aberrations (default) – Wavefront variance (OPD-based) – MTF – Fiber coupling efficiency – User-defined
Note problems with edges
Note large aberrations
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-10
– 0 is the best error function
• Usually related to aberrations or image errors • Can include contributions representing non-
image error constraints
– Possible but usually not needed in CODE V
• Takes significantly longer than local optimization • Not covered further in this seminar
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-7
How CODE V Handles Constraints
• Contains only image errors in the default case
– Constraints are handled separately – Constraints can be included if desired
• Seldom necessary in practice
Section 6
Optimizing Lens Systems The AUTO Option
3280 East Foothill Boulevard Pasadena, California 91107 USA (626) 795-9101 Fax (626) 795-0184 e-mail: service@opticalres.com World Wide Web: http://www.opticalres.com
• Finds multiple solutions (multiple local minima), each optimized and meeting all constraints
• It has a special search algorithm to find potential solutions, then uses local optimization to find each solution
EFL = 100 OAL S1..I < 100 IMD > 70 < 80
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-8
Making an AUTO Run
• Step 1 - Specify the variables
– This 百度文库s done in the LDM spreadsheet or Surface Properties window – For defaults, select surfaces, choose Edit > Default Variables – Select one or more cells and choose right click shortcut menu, Vary
this) – Aperture weighting (default tries for tight core with some allowed flare)
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-6
Reducing the Error Function
What is an Error Function?
• A single positive number that represents the quality of the optical system
• Structured such that smaller values are better than larger values
• CODE V uses a damped least squares (DLS) algorithm for optimization – Very effective at finding the local minimum
• Two types of optimization – Local optimization
• Finds the nearest local minimum in error function space • Most commonly used method
– Global optimization
• Done with Global Synthesis® (you can try it very easily by choosing Optimization > Global Synthesis and defining other normal inputs)
CODE V Introductory Seminar: Day 3
Optimizing Lens Systems Customizing CODE V Reflective Systems
Tilted/Decentered Systems
3280 East Foothill Boulevard Pasadena, California 91107 USA (626) 795-9101 Fax (626) 795-0184 e-mail: service@opticalres.com World Wide Web: http://www.opticalres.com
• Step 4 - Specify AUTO Exit Controls
– Number of cycles to run (default is minimum of 2, maximum of 25) – and/or Fractional improvement (default is 5%) – OR Interactive mode (default is No)
– The default CODE V error function is usually a good start, but you may wish to make minor modifications, such as number of rays
– A process to improve the error function – A method of controlling boundary conditions
(constraints)
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-3
Goal of Automatic Design (Optimization)
• Best performance that can be achieved, subject to problem constraints
• This requires
– A defined error function (sometimes called a “merit function”)
• Bounded constraints are only imposed when necessary – Allows CODE V to operate in a least-constrained mode
• Constraints can be equality constraints or bounded constraints (single-sided bounds or double-sided bounds)
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-9
Cooke Triplet
• Choose File > New to launch New Lens Wizard (NLW), select CODE V Sample Lenses, locate the file cooke1.len
• Step 3 - Specify constraints (in addition to default general constraints)
– Use a minimum number of specific constraints – Do not over-constrain the system (failure guaranteed if you do)
Tight core with some flare
DEFOCUSING
0.00000
• Default error function is basically a weighted RMS spot size
6.35
MM
• Transverse ray aberrations are used (DX and DY from chief ray)
• CODE V uses a method called Lagrange Multipliers – Separates the constraint control from the error function – Provides very precise control of constraints – Equality constraints can be added to the error function if desired
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-5
Default CODE V Error Function
Dy, Dx
y
x
Transverse aberrations Dx and Dy measured from chief ray
Ray distribution in pupil 12 ray, all skew pattern
– On Pupil page change the Pupil Specification to Entrance Pupil Diameter and set the value to 17.857 (equivalent to f/2.8)
– Click Next> or Finish to complete NLW (accept defaults for other screens)
• All skew rays (no rays on meridional or sagittal planes)
– Traced for each wavelength, field, and zoom position
• Weighting is used
– Wavelength weighting (default is same as LDM) – Field weighting (default is same as LDM, users may wish to override
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-4
CODE V Error Function
• Five types of error functions in CODE V:
– Weighted transverse ray aberrations (default) – Wavefront variance (OPD-based) – MTF – Fiber coupling efficiency – User-defined
Note problems with edges
Note large aberrations
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-10
– 0 is the best error function
• Usually related to aberrations or image errors • Can include contributions representing non-
image error constraints
– Possible but usually not needed in CODE V
• Takes significantly longer than local optimization • Not covered further in this seminar
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-7
How CODE V Handles Constraints
• Contains only image errors in the default case
– Constraints are handled separately – Constraints can be included if desired
• Seldom necessary in practice
Section 6
Optimizing Lens Systems The AUTO Option
3280 East Foothill Boulevard Pasadena, California 91107 USA (626) 795-9101 Fax (626) 795-0184 e-mail: service@opticalres.com World Wide Web: http://www.opticalres.com
• Finds multiple solutions (multiple local minima), each optimized and meeting all constraints
• It has a special search algorithm to find potential solutions, then uses local optimization to find each solution
EFL = 100 OAL S1..I < 100 IMD > 70 < 80
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-8
Making an AUTO Run
• Step 1 - Specify the variables
– This 百度文库s done in the LDM spreadsheet or Surface Properties window – For defaults, select surfaces, choose Edit > Default Variables – Select one or more cells and choose right click shortcut menu, Vary
this) – Aperture weighting (default tries for tight core with some allowed flare)
Introduction to CODE V Training, Fall 2003, Slide 6-6
Reducing the Error Function
What is an Error Function?
• A single positive number that represents the quality of the optical system
• Structured such that smaller values are better than larger values
• CODE V uses a damped least squares (DLS) algorithm for optimization – Very effective at finding the local minimum
• Two types of optimization – Local optimization
• Finds the nearest local minimum in error function space • Most commonly used method
– Global optimization
• Done with Global Synthesis® (you can try it very easily by choosing Optimization > Global Synthesis and defining other normal inputs)
CODE V Introductory Seminar: Day 3
Optimizing Lens Systems Customizing CODE V Reflective Systems
Tilted/Decentered Systems
3280 East Foothill Boulevard Pasadena, California 91107 USA (626) 795-9101 Fax (626) 795-0184 e-mail: service@opticalres.com World Wide Web: http://www.opticalres.com
• Step 4 - Specify AUTO Exit Controls
– Number of cycles to run (default is minimum of 2, maximum of 25) – and/or Fractional improvement (default is 5%) – OR Interactive mode (default is No)