综合学术英语教程练习答案

Unit Two
Task 1 Familiarizing Yourself with Classif ication
1. Skim the f ollowing passage f or the answ ers to the questions below .
1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes.
2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO 2 ( the increase of
population, the demolition of trees, etc.) 3) CO 2 is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth ’s atmosphere.
4) Classif i cation helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition.
5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle of classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed.
Reading 1
Causes for Global Warming
Task 2
Understanding Lectures through Classif ication
Listening 1
1. Listening to the lectur e and write down wha tever y ou believ e is impor tant, especially the classif ica tions of key terms .
Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc.
2. Use y our notes . D ecide if the sta tements below ar e true (T) or false (F). Then justify y our answ ers , in the space pr ovided, b y giving evidence fr om the talk. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F
3. Listen again, paying a ttention to the f ollowing classif ica tions and then complete the tables below .
Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivation
Idea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict
4. Listen again and piece y our notes together into a shor t summar y . Then r etell the lectur e to y our par tner .
There are two interesting ideas in Freud ’s theory: first, the existence of unconscious motivation; second, the concept of unconscious conflict. Freud believes that unconscious motivation might play an important role in a lot of situations, such as marriage, forgetting a person ’s name, calling out the wrong name etc. In his view, there are three processes going on in the head, namely, id, ego and superego, which are in violent internal conflict. Id functions on “the Pleasure Principle ”, while ego works on “the Reality Principle ”and superego is the internalized rules of a society. Ego is in between id and superego.
Task 3 Reading Classif ication Articles
Reading 2 Renewable Energy Sources —A Brief Summary
1. W ork with a par tner or a gr oup of 3—4 students . Study the title and phr ases in bold of Reading 2 and discuss the f ollowing questions .
1) Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). 2
) √ T he purpose of using renewable energy sources.
√ T he classification of renewable energy sources. √ T he examples of different types of renewable energy sources.
√T he advantages and disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.
√T he history of the use of different energy sources.
□How energy is obtained from various sources.
3) I will write:
(1) The definition of the renewable energy.
(2) The classification of the renewable energy.
(3) The advantages and the disadvantages of various types of renewable energy sources.
2.Read the f ollowing questions and scan Reading2f or their answ ers.
1) The signing of the Kyoto Treaty.
2) It converts the sun’s rays into energy.
3) The main demerit is that it is limited.
4) Sailors, farmers and architects.
5) The main advantage is that this doesn’t produce any by-products that can be harmful to
the environment.
6) Because the Earth’s crust continuously decays replenishing the heat.
7) They use the force of the water to push the turbine which in turn
powers a generator thus generating electricity.
8) It poses a problem for fish and aquatic plants on both sides of the dam.
9) They contain no petroleum, and they are nontoxic and biodegradable.
10) The Environmental Protection Agency.
3.Match the tar get wor ds with the de f initions below.Y ou may infer their meaning
fr om context.
1) j. evolution 2) s. solar 3) a. architect 4) l. geothermal 5) p. preserve
) b. biodegradable 7) r. radioactive 8) f. crusade 9) h. distribute
10) q. radiant
11) i. domestic12) t. validation13) k. generator14) d. capture15) g. definitely
16) n. install17) e. consumption18) m. harness19) o. internal20) c. blade
4.F or open discussion
Reading3Types of Pollution
5.Read the de f initions below and choose the wor ds tha t f it these de f initions.
1) voluntary 2) construction 3) contamination 4) eruption 5) regulation
6) deforestation 7) yield 8) irrigation 9) confine 10) sewage
11) hazardous12) residential13) vapor14) decay15) erosion
16) disrupt17) particulate18) underground19) concentration20) combat
6.Match each paragr aph with its main idea.
7.D ecide which of the sta tements can be inferr ed fr om Reading3,and then write down the number
of the paragr aph(s)fr om which y our answ er most pr obably comes,leaving the explicit or false sta tements unnumbered,but using E or F r espectiv ely to indica te tha t they ar e explicit or false. Discuss y our answ ers with a par tner.
Task4Writing an Essay of Classif ication
Reading4Types of Sustainability
1.F ill in the blanks to complete the main ideas and the suppor ting details.
5.Study the f ollowing models,and then par aphr ase the sentences below b y changing the order
of a structur e.The new sentences should be as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentences but as diff er ent as possible in structur e and as f ormal as possible in style.
1) Declarative sentences are mostly employed in academic writing, despite the
occasional utilizations of interrogative sentences.
2) To support the truths, reliable evidence is quoted by scholars in all disciplines.
3) Much importance should be attached to the comprehension of the difference between education
and training.
) A person who exposes himself to the sunlight for excessive time is susceptible to
malignant
melanoma.
5) Students doing temporary jobs display a better performance in their academic studies.
6) American frontier is deeply rooted in many aspects of American character.
7) The direct involvement of many a foreign country is evident in the process of US
territorial expansion.
8) Parents need to equipped with much care and knowledge while raising a kid.
9) Environment plays a vital role in the growth of plants.
10) In the past, Beijing was ravaged by dust storms for 20 days annually.
Integrated Exercises
2.Match each wor d in the box with the gr oup of wor ds tha t r egularly occur with it in all cases.
1) motivation 2) demolish 3) symptom 4) combat 5)
capture
6) distribute 7) assert 8) yield 9) internal 10)
emergence
11) adherence 12) disrupt
3.Fo r each of the sentences below,write a new sentences as similar as possible in
meaning to the original sentence,but as diff er ent as possible in v ocabular y and structur e
and as f ormal as possible in style.Yo u ar e r e quired to use the wor d s giv en in capital
letters.And then compar e them with y our partner’s.
1) Internet access is available in students’ dormitory.
2) If you can harness your energy, you’ll be rewarded with huge accomplishments.
3) It has been confirmed that foul weather is highly hazardous for sea navigation.
4) The governmental nuclear waste disposal plan arouses fierce protests of the local
residents.
5) Extinction of this rare species of bird is foreseeable if effective measures are not taken.
6) While delivering a public speech, a speaker must articulate his/her arguments.
7) I highly esteem his current research on stem cells.
8) A speaker cannot always secure the cooperation of the audience.
9) The car industry of this country is sheltered by its government from foreign competition.
10) Even a moderate elevation of blood pressure leads to shortened life expectancy.
5.T r ansla te the f ollowing sentences into English b y using the phr ase above.Make sur e tha t
y our English sentences ar e as f ormal as possible.Then compar e them with y our
partner’s to see whose v ersion is mor e f ormal.
1) The effective disposal of the recognized sources of pollution demonstrates to be of great aid in the elevation of people’s quality of life.
2) Since the rapid evolution of technology, the lifestyles of the generations ahead of us will witness a revolutionized change.
3) Tapping heat from the Earth enables the residents of resource-poor regions to combat the poor
conditions.
4) The downside of the practice of fertilizing the soil by burning straws is the fact that the released dusts and particles pose a serious problem for the health of the respiratory system.
5) This campaign, organized by environmentally conscious individuals, has a measurable effect on the general improvement of all the people’s environmental protection awareness.
6) The history of deforestation can date back to two millenniums ago, which has deteriorated constantly in the modern time, leading to a huge loss of wildlife habitat.
7) During the visit to Huangshan (Yellow Mountain), the tourists were amazed at how nature works wonders, realizing that beauty is only sustainable if all of us care for the environment around us.
8) Drug abuse is a general degradation of lifestyle, causing immediate health effects.
9) Oil leakage in the mainstream river considerably decreases the quantity of drinkable water;
what’s worse, the adverse effects are not confined to areas near the source.
10) Luckily, the pollution inflicted by this accident will be effectively removed through natural cycles, not having a negative impact on the environment.
Listening2
A.Listen,note down the impor tant ideas and details,and then decide whether the f ollowing
sta tements ar e true or e T f or true and F f or false.
(1) T (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) F (7) F
B.Listen car e f ully,and then answ er the f ollowing questions brie f ly with the informa tion fr om the
lectur e.
(1) The individual’s potential and the importance of growth and self-actualization.
(2) The lower one.
(3) By providing lunch breaks, rest breaks and sufficient wages to purchase essentials.
(4) The love and belonging needs.
(5) They are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of other
people, and interested in fulfilling their potential.
C.Listen again and write a shor t summar y of the lectur e.
This lecture is about Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, namely physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.
Physiological needs are the most basic and instinctive ones, which must be satisf ied f irst. Safety needs refer to the needs for safety and security, also important for survival. Social needs include the needs for belonging, love and affection, the deprivation of which leads to unhappiness.
Esteem needs ref lect on personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment; if unmet, it may lead to inferiority complex. Self- actualization needs are at the highest level, meaning to realize a person’s full potential, capacities
and talents.
Listening3
A.Listen,note down the impor tant ideas and details,and then choose the best answ er to
the
f ollowin
g questions fr om the f our choices giv en.
(1) A (2) A (3) D (4) C (5) B
B.Listen again f ocusing on the specif ic informa tion,and then f ill in the blanks with the
missing wor ds.
classically, runny nose, sore throat, intrigued, initially, clinically, alludes to, building up,
immune system, creeping up, shuffling, infect, rip through, hospitalizations.
C.Listen again and answ er the f ollowing questions.
(1) B C E
(2) ①ABC ②AB ③AB ④AB ⑤ABC ⑥C ⑦A ⑧A ⑨A ⑩
AC。