能源科学概论.docx

正文目录

目录

正文目录__________________________________________ 错误!未定义书签。

1. 概论 ___________________________________________________________ 1

2. 能量与能源 _____________________________________________________ 2

2.1.能量______________________________________________________________ 2

2.1.1.能量 __________________________________________________________________ 2

2.1.2.能源 __________________________________________________________________ 3

2.1.

3.能量的转换____________________________________________________________ 4

2.1.4.能量的评价____________________________________________________________ 5

2.2.能源在社会可持续发展中的作用______________________________________ 6

2.2.1.可持续发展的概念______________________________________________________ 6

2.2.2.能源更迭与社会发展____________________________________________________ 6

2.2.

3.能源与国民经济________________________________________________________ 7

2.2.4.能源与人民生活________________________________________________________ 8

2.2.5.能源与环境____________________________________________________________ 8

2.3.能源形势_________________________________________________________ 14

2.3.1.世界能源资源概况_____________________________________________________ 14

2.3.2.世界能源消费及构成___________________________________________________ 14

2.3.3.世界性的能源问题_____________________________________________________ 15

2.3.4.中国的能源资源_______________________________________________________ 17

2.3.5.中国能源可持续发展的对策____________________________________________ 20

3. 能量的转换与储存 ______________________________________________ 21

3.1.能量的基本性质___________________________________________________ 21

3.1.1.能量的性质___________________________________________________________ 21

3.1.2.能量守恒与转换定律___________________________________________________ 22

3.1.3.能量贬值原理_________________________________________________________ 23

3.2.能量转换的主要燃料_______________________________________________ 25

3.2.1.煤炭 _________________________________________________________________ 25

3.2.1.1.煤的形成和分类 __________________________________________________ 25

3.2.1.2.煤的开采与加工 __________________________________________________ 26

3.2.1.3.煤的气化________________________________________________________ 27

3.2.1.

4.水煤浆__________________________________________________________ 28

3.2.2.石油 _________________________________________________________________ 28

3.2.2.1.石油的形成与分类 ________________________________________________ 28

3.2.2.2.主要石油产品的种类与用途 ________________________________________ 29

3.2.2.3.油田开发________________________________________________________ 29

3.2.3.天然气_______________________________________________________________ 30

3.2.

4.核燃料_______________________________________________________________ 30

3.2.

4.1.核裂变的核燃料 __________________________________________________ 30