铝合金在船舶与海洋工程中的实践

铝合金在船舶与海洋工程中的实践
铝合金在船舶与海洋工程中的实践

铝合金在船舶与海洋工程中的实践

摘要:现如今船舶与海洋工程的发展速度越来越快,铝金属材料越来越成为船舶制造业与海洋工程的核心材料。铝合金目前为止对于造船业来说,可以说是制造船舶的最好材料。在焊接过程当中铝合金也是有着非常强大的优势。由于船舶工作的环境非常特殊,所以焊接的质量要求非常高。只有选定了最佳的焊接参数才可以将焊接作业开展完善,尤其在焊接接头位置的时候需要技术非常优秀的员工才可以进行。如若发现焊接问题应及时处理将隐患扼杀在萌芽之中,将船舶更加完美的制造成功。

关键词:铝合金;船舶制造;海洋工程

现如今船舶和海洋工程结构是海洋环境中承担着繁重资源开发的长途运输工作,你工作能力有着很大的压力,为了提升其工作效能,在船舶制造材料上面有着非常大的研究前景。设计者如果只根据常规方式进行设计的话,是无法解决船舶根本的问题,于是寻找制作船舶的材料成为了当务之急。

一、铝合金在船舶与海洋工程中的应用意义

由于国内外的造船业一直有着不断的持续发展,对船的优化逐渐提升,在船舶的轻量化上面下的功夫越来越大。如何能让船最大限度的变轻成了造船业最大的攻克项目。铝越来越成为造船业备受瞩目的材料,铝的优点有很多,比如说密度低,高强度,高刚性以及耐腐性。这都非常符合建造船的材料要求,使用铝造出来的船你刚才照出来的相比较重量轻了15~ %,而且由于铝材料的加工成本非常的低,使其成为了性价比最高的一种造船材料。使用铝合金造出来的船可以在速度和使用寿命上有着更高的突出优点。所以说铝材料在船舶的应用上面发展得非常迅速。

质量是船舶制造当中需要考虑的最核心的部分,而材料对于船舶质量的提升有着至关重要的作用,近年来由于造船业的不断发展,让造船材料面临着非常强大的挑战性,首先造船材料需要拥有强大的耐腐蚀性,以及可以最大限度的减轻船舶自身的重量,这样才可以提高速度,造船材料成了造船业必须考虑的核心问题。在铝金属材料没有出现之前,造船材料的选择一直都是技术研发人员需要考虑的最苛刻的一个问题。在保证船舶质量优良的基础之上寻找可以最大化提升船身使用效率的材料。

对于船舶制造以及海洋工程的发展有着非常大的推动作用,所以说铝合金在今后的传播以及海洋工程当中的研究当中,依旧具有着重要的核心意义。首先铝合金在船舶制造当中的材料比较特殊,只有一些固定的铝材料的金属器材可以用于制作船舶。同时在铝材料使用的过程当中,需要有高端技术人员的操作,只有这样才可以让铝合金的作用充分发挥,更好的为造船业服务。但是现如今对于铝材料的使用效率依旧有待于提升,这方面还是依旧需要一个更加广泛的提升,才可以让铝材料的使用效率变得更高。除了在船舶制造当中,铝合金在海洋工程的应用当中也是有着非常广泛的作用,在这其中,开采海洋资源的工具以及储存海洋资源的工具都是需要由铝合金来进行制作。从这一点得以看出,现如今我国对于铝合金材料的需求量非常之大。只有在铝合金方面的研究更加投入,才可以实现让铝合金性能更好的适应于海洋工程未来发展的需要。在这个过程当中值得我们关注的不仅仅是铝材料的需求量,更是我们对于铝材料制作技术的使用开发性能有着一个更加苛刻的考验,只有解决了这个问题,才可以让我国的海洋事业在

船舶与海洋工程专业英语.pdf

Lesson One The Naval Architect A naval architect asked to design a ship may receive his instructions in a form ranging from such simple requirements as “an oil tanker to carry 100 000 tons deadweight at 15 knots” to a fully detailed specification of precisely planned requirements. He is usually required to prepare a design for a vessel that must carry a certain weight of cargo (or number of passengers ) at a specified speed with particular reference to trade requirement; high-density cargoes, such as machinery, require little hold capacity, while the reverse is true for low-density cargoes, such as grain. Deadweight is defined as weight of cargo plus fuel and consumable stores, and lightweight as the weight of the hull, including machinery and equipment. The designer must choose dimensions such that the displacement of the vessel is equal to the sum of the dead weight and the lightweight tonnages. The fineness of the hull must be appropriate to the speed. The draft------which is governed by freeboard rules------enables the depth to be determined to a first approximation. After selecting tentative values of length, breadth, depth, draft, and displacement, the designer must achieve a weight balance. He must also select a moment balance because centres of gravity in both longitudinal and vertical directions must provide satisfactory trim and stability. Additionally, he must estimate the shaft horsepower required for the specified speed; this determines the weight of machinery. The strength of the hull must be adequate for the service intended, detailed scantlings (frame dimensions and plate thicknesses ) can be obtained from the rules of the classification society. These scantings determine the requisite weight of hull steel. The vessel should possess satisfactory steering characteristics, freedom from troublesome vibration, and should comply with the many varied requirements of international regulations. Possessing an attractive appearance, the ship should have the minimum net register tonnage, the factor on which harbour and other dues are based. (The gross tonnage represents the volume of all closed-in spaces above the inner bottom. The net tonnage is the gross tonnage minus certain deductible spaces that do not produce revenue. Net tonnage can therefore be regarded as a measure of the earning capacity of the ship, hence its use as a basis for harbour and docking charges. ) Passenger vessels must satisfy a standard of bulkhead subdivision that will ensure adequate stability under specified conditions if the hull is pierced accidentally or through collision. Compromise plays a considerable part in producing a satisfactory design. A naval architect must be a master of approximations. If the required design closely resembles that of a ship already built for which full information is available, the designer can calculate the effects of differences between this ship and the projected ship. If, however, this information is not available, he must first produce coefficients based upon experience and, after refining them, check the results by calculation. Training There are four major requirements for a good naval architect. The first is a clear understanding of the fundamental principles of applied science, particularly those aspects of science that have direct application to ships------mathematics, physics, mechanics, fluid mechanics, materials, structural strength, stability, resistance, and propulsion. The second is a detailed knowledge of past and present practice in shipbuilding. The third is personal experience of accepted methods in the design, construction, and operation of ships; and the fourth, and perhaps most important, is an aptitude for tackling new technical problems and of devising practical solutions. The professional training of naval architects differs widely in the various maritime countries. Unimany universities and polytechnic schools; such academic training must be supplemented by practical experience in a shipyard. Trends in design The introduction of calculating machines and computers has facilitated the complex calculations required in

船舶驾驶员实用英语口语

Lesson Three Tug Assistance: 拖带协助 Dialog A: Tug Ordering 对话1:叫拖船 Yong Men/BOCV: Avonport Port Control. This is M/V Yong Men. I am anchor at Lambs Roadstead. I require tugs. Over. “永门”船:爱汶港调度,我是“永门”船。我在莱姆斯港外 开敞锚地抛锚。我需要拖船,请讲。 Avonport P.C: Roger. How many tugs do you require? Over. 爱汶港口调度:信息已清楚。你需要多少拖船?请讲。 Yong Men/BOCV: I will order two tugs. When will tugs expect to meet me? Over. “永门”船:我要两艘拖船,拖船几点到,请讲。 Avonport P.C: The tugs expect to meet you in half an hour. Out. 爱汶港口调度:拖船半小时到,完毕。 Dialog B: Tug Operation 对话2:拖船在工作 M/V Eternal Glory: Hold on your towing line. Make fast please. Forward tug. Over.

“永恒光荣”船:请拉紧拖缆,绑牢,前拖船。请讲。 Forward tug: M/V Eternal Glory. This is tug forward. The current is too rough. I suggest the aft tug single up. Over. 前拖船:“永恒光荣”船,这是前拖船。水流太不平稳了, 我建议后面的拖船单绑,请讲。 Eternal Glory: Affirmative. Single up. Aft tug. Over. “永恒光荣”船:同意,后拖船单绑,请讲。 Aft tug: Yes, sir. Single up. 后拖船:遵命。单绑。 Dialog C: Completion Work 对话3:结束工作 Chang Ting Bridge: Chang Ting. Let go fore and aft. Over. “长亭”驾驶台:“长亭”船注意。前后松绑,请讲。 Chang Ting aft: Chang Ting Bridge. This is tug aft. I will let go. Over. “长亭”船尾:驾驶台,这是船尾拖船,我将松绑,请讲。Chang Ting forward: Chang Ting Bridge. This is tug forward. I will let go. Over. “长亭”船头:驾驶台,这是船头拖船,我将松绑,请讲。 Tug 1: Let go my towing line. Chang Ting aft. Over.

船舶用铝合金资料汇总

前言 铝合金应用于造船业已有近百年的历史, 随着国内外造船业突飞猛进地发展, 船舶的轻量化越来越被重视, 由于铝的低密度、高强度、高刚性和耐腐性,船舶设计者使用铝建造的船舶和使用钢材或其它合成材料建造的船舶相比重量减轻了15-20%。铝合金的高韧性、抗腐蚀性以及可焊性为建造对重量要求严格的船型提供了很好的选择,由于铝的加工成本较低,因此使用铝材制造船舶更具经济性。铝合金可以作为板材,也可以进行挤压成型加工和铸造加工。再加上铝合金突出的物理特性,使得用铝合金制造船舶十分具有经济性。从船舶设计者角度来看,使用铝合金制造的船舶可以达到更高的速度以及更长的使用寿命,铝合金的这些优点,使其在船舶的应用上发展得很快, 造船业为铝材提供了广阔的应用市场。 第一章铝合金在国内外舰船中的应用现状 舰船上应用的铝合金可以分为变形铝合金和铸造铝合金 变形铝合金在各国造船中的应用,从大型水面舰船上层建筑,上千吨的全铝海洋研究船、远洋商船和客船的建造,到水翼艇、气垫船、旅客渡船、双体客船、交通艇、登陆艇等各类高速客船和军用快艇上都大量使用了变形铝合金。铸造铝合金主要用于泵、活塞、舾装件及雨水雷壳体等部件。 1.1航空母舰 航母是个庞然大物。它体积巨大,建造精良,是一个机动性很强的作战平台,对减清结构重量等具有及其迫切的需求,隐刺控制航母结构的重量非常重要,其中包括控制航母各种装置,特别是上层建筑的重量,最改善航母的战术技术性能至关重要。 初步统计,国外没艘航母铝合金材料用量大约在1000吨左右,例如,美国“独立”号(CVA62)航母用了1019吨铝合金;“企业”号核动力航母(CVA65)用了450吨铝合金;法国“福熙”号(R99)及“克里蒙梭”号(R98)航母上都用了1000多吨铝合金。铝合金在航母上的应用对减轻航母结构重量,提高稳性、试航性、提高站技性能等具有重要意义。 铝合金在航母上的应用部位,从部分起飞和降落甲板,巨大的升降机,大量管系,到舷窗盖,吊灯架,门,舱室隔壁,舱室装饰,家具,厨房设备和部分辅机等。列如美国海军1961年服役的“企业”号航空母舰的四个巨大的升降机是用铝-镁合金焊接而成的。 1.2驱逐舰等大型水面舰船上层建筑 驱逐舰等大型水面舰船为了减轻上层建筑的重量,以保持稳性等,而广泛采用铝合金结构。事实上在许多驱逐舰等大型水面舰船中,主甲板上的全部结构都是用铝合金制造的。据统计,美国海军不同级的驱逐舰,在甲板以上结构中所用的铝合金数量分别如下:护航驱逐舰(DE)用铝量251.33吨;导弹驱逐舰(DLG)用铝量811.30吨;弹道导弹驱逐舰(DDG)用铝量515.88吨;弹道导弹核动力驱逐舰(DLGN)用铝量为930.35吨。 1

航海英语听力与会话

1.Can you list at least three mooring lines Yes .They are head line, breast line, spring line, and stern line. 你能列举集中缆绳吗头缆,横缆,倒缆和尾缆 2.What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board The pilot ladder, a heaving line and a life buoy. 在引航员上船前要准备些什么引航梯,吊绳和救生圈。 How can a ship get in touch with a port before her arrival Through VHF. 在到港前船舶如何与港口取得联系通过甚高频。 What kind of things should be reported to the pilot station The ship’s present position, ETA at pilot station or anchorage. 什么信息需要报告给引航站船舶的当前位置,预计到达引航站或者锚地的时间。 What should be confirmed from the pilot station Pilot’s boarding time and place, the ship’s side where the pilot ladder will be put. 什么信息需要引航站确认引航员的登船时间,地点和安放引航梯的船舷。 When the vessel enters the VTS area, what I srequested to report Ship’s name and call sign, present course and speed, ETA at the pilot station, the reporting point that the vessel is passing. 在船舶进入交管区时,需要报告些什么船名,呼号,当前的航向和速度,预计到达引航站的时间,船舶正通过的报告点。 If you are ordered: “stand by both engines!” , how should you reply and report I should repeat “stand by both engines”, then report “both engines stand by”. 如果你被命令“备双车”,你该怎么复诵和报告我会复诵“备双车”,报告“双车备好”。Can you list 3 canals in the world Suez Canal, Panama Canal and Kiel Canal. 列举三大运河苏伊士运河,巴拿马运河和基尔运河。 When you request the receiver to remain on channel 16 in VHF communication, what do you say Stand by on VHF channel 16. 在甚高频通信中,当你要求接受者保持在16频道,你要怎么说在甚高频16频道收听。 What does “dredging of an anchor” mean It means moving an anchor over the sea bottom to control the movement of the vessel. 拖锚是什么意思它是指有意的在海底拖锚移动,控制船舶的运动。 What does “ underway” mean It means a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or agroud. 在航是什么意思船舶不在拖锚,系岸或者搁浅的状态。 What the difference between a “ radar beacon” and a “radar reflector” Radar reflector is a passive device that can only enhance the aids’ability to reflect radar signals; however, radar beacon is an active device that can transmit a pulse for identification. 雷达信标和雷达反射器之间的区别 雷达反射器是一种被动的装置,只能加强设备反射雷达信号的能力;但是雷达信标是一种主动的装置,能发送识别脉冲。 What does “Abandon Vessel” mean It means to evacuate crew and passengers from a distressed vessel. 弃船是什么意思就是遇险后船员和旅客撤离船舶。

船舶与海洋工程考试大纲

船舶与海洋工程考试大纲 一、初试考试大纲 101思想政治理论(100分) 204英语二(100分) 302数学二(150分) 846理论力学(150分) (一)考试性质 《理论力学》是为我校招收港口、海岸及近海工程专业(专业代码:081505)硕士研究生、和水利工程专业(专业代码:085214)学位硕士研究生设置的考试科目。 (二)考察目标 要求考生系统地理解理论力学的基本理论和基本概念,掌握力学的基本分析方法,具有综合运用所学知识分析和解决问题的能力。 (三)考试形式 本考试为闭卷考试,满分为150分,考试时间为180分钟。 试卷结构:分析题、计算题。 (四)考试内容 1.静力学 (1)掌握物体的受力分析和正确画出受力图; (2)掌握平面汇交力系和平面力偶系的合成与平衡的计算方法; (3)熟练掌握平面任意力系的简化与平衡力系的计算方法,会计算平面桁架的内力; (4)掌握空间力系的简化与平衡问题的求解方法,会计算物体的重心; (5)能够掌握分析有摩擦时的物体平衡问题并求解。 2.运动学 (1)能够正确地计算点的位移、速度和加速度; (2)能正确计算定轴转动刚体的角速度、角加速度以及刚体内各点的速度和加速度,正确计算轮系的传动比;

(3)能熟练掌握掌握选取动点、动系,分析三种运动,熟练掌握速度和加速度的合成定理; (4)能熟练掌握运用基点法、瞬心法和速度投影定理求解平面运动刚体上各点的速度和加速度; 3.动力学 (1)能正确建立质点的运动微分方程; (2)能熟练运用动量定理、质心运动定理及其守恒定律求解动力学问题; (3)能熟练运用动量矩定理及其守恒定律求解动力学问题,会计算刚体定轴转动和平面运动的动力学问题; (4)能熟练运用动能定理和机械能守恒定律求解动力学问题; (5)能熟练掌握达朗贝尔原理,能熟练运用动静法求解质点及质点系的动力学问题; (6)能运用虚位移原理求解系统的平衡问题。 二、复试考试大纲 结构力学 (一)考试性质 《结构力学》是为我校招收港口、海岸及近海工程专业硕士研究生复试的考试科目。(二)考察目标 要求考生掌握杆系结构的计算原理和方法,了解船舶与海洋工程专业的工程背景,能熟练运用力法、位移法、能量法等求解杆、板及简单板架的弯曲问题及稳定性问题,为硕士研究生学习提供良好的力学基础。 (三)考试形式 本考试为闭卷考试,满分为100分,考试时间为120分钟。 试卷结构: 选择题:20%,计算题:80%。 (四)考试内容 1.静定结构 ①主要内容:静定多跨梁;静定桁架结构;静定刚架结构。

船舶常用英语

General arrangement 总布置 Interior arrangement 舱室布置 Engine room arrangement 机舱布置 Compass deck 罗经甲板 Navigation deck, bridge deck 驾驶甲板 Boat deck 艇甲板 Promenade deck 游步甲板 Accommodation deck 起居甲板 Helicopter deck 直升机甲板 Upper deck 上甲板 Winch platform 起货机平台 Passage , passage way 通道 Wheel house 驾驶室 Chart room 海图室 Radio room 报务室 Radar room 雷达室 Engine room 机舱 Centralized control room for machineries 机舱集控室Reactor room 反应堆舱 Boiler room 锅炉舱 Pump room 泵舱 Chain locker 锚链舱 Steering engine room, steering gear room 舵机舱Fan room 通风机室 Air conditioning unit room 空调机室 Refrigerator room 冷冻机室 Fire-smothering unit room 灭火装置室Emergency generator room 应急发电机室Commutator room 变流机室 Battery room 蓄电池室 Gyro-compass room 陀螺罗经室 Mast room 桅室 Sonar transducer space 声纳舱 Log room 计程仪舱 CO2 room CO 2室 Paint room 油漆间 Lamp room 灯具间 Windlass room 起锚机室 Anchor winch, anchor windlass 起锚机 Mooring winch 拖缆机,系泊绞车

铝合金系列简介

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用舵完毕finished with the wheel 走082 steer zero eight two 朝……走steer on …… 2.车钟口令Engine Orders 备车stand by engine 微速前进dead slow ahead 前进一(慢速)slow ahead 前进(半速)half ahead 前进三(全速)full ahead 停车stop engine(s) 微速后退dead slow astern 后退一(慢速)slow astern 后退二(半速half astern 后退三(全速)full astern 紧急进三emergency full ahead 紧急退三emergency full astern 用车完毕,完车finished with engine(s) 主机定速ring off engine 首侧推全速向左bow thrust full to port 首侧推全速向右bow thrust full to starboard 首侧推半速向左bow thrust half to port

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