英语专业四级虚拟语气
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party. （过去事实相反）
▪ 主要手法
▪ 过去时态的虚拟
▪ 主要出现在if, if only, as if
▪
wish, would rather
▪
it is time that
考点一：用于非真实条件句(过去式
1 与现在事实相反：if 条件句中用一般过去时，主句用 should/would/could/might+动词原形
考点六：用于it is (about / high/ getting) time后that从句
I’d rather you ____ by train because the weather forecast said there would be heavy snow tomorrow. ▪ A. went B. should go C. will go D. go
▪ 我宁愿你乘火车去…， would rather 后接虚拟 语气的从句，用一般过去时。答案 A
虚拟语气的类型（三种）
▪ 原型虚拟 （Be） ▪ Were型虚拟（可以用was,也是过去式） ▪ 过去时态虚拟 ▪ Be he rich or poor, I will marry him all the same. ▪ If only I were a millionaire. (现在状态相反） ▪ I would rather you had come to our April Fool’s
▪ 0652. If only I ____ play the guitar as well as you!
▪ A would ▪ 答案 B
B could C should D might
考点五 在would rater, would sooner, would just as soon 从句
▪ 从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反，用过去 完成时表示与过去事实相反。
Subjunctive Mood
语气
▪ 语气是英语动词一种的形式，用以表示说话者 的意图和态度。分为四种
▪ 直接陈述，疑问语气，祈使语气，虚拟语气。 ▪ Wuhan lies in the middle of China. ▪ Make yourself at home. ▪ I only wish we could help.
2 与将来事实相反：if条件用should+动词原形或were to+动词原形，主句用would+动词原形
3 . 与 过 去 事 实 相 反 ： if 条 件 用 过 去 完 成 时 ， 主 句 should/would/could/might 用过去分词（即不定式 完成体）
4. 在if从句中，如果有were, should, had 这三个词， 可以省去if ，将were, should, had 提前至句首采用 倒装形式表示条件。
▪ 0760. He would have finished his college education, but he ____ to quit and find a job to support his family.
▪ A. had had B. has C. had D. would have
if 条件从句
主句
现在事 实相反
将来事 实相反
过去事 实相反
If +主语+过去式 谓语动词
①If+主语+were to do ②if +主语
+should do ③if 主语+过去式
If +主语+had done
主语+would / should / could/ might do 主语+would / should / could/ might do
▪ A. could have been B. would be ▪ C. will be D. would have been ▪ 答案：B
考点二： 用于含蓄虚拟条件句（过去）
பைடு நூலகம்
▪ 不通过if 从句明显地表达出来，而是隐含在副词、 介词短语或上下文中，经常表示这种含蓄条件句 的有otherwise, or, with, without, but for等。 用法与考点一相同。
▪
答案：C
考点三： 用于错综时间条件句
If it had not been for you, I would have been dead. I would not be studying English now. I could not have been leading a happy life. all these would be impossible. eg: If I had worked harder at school, I would _____ in a comfortable office now. A) have sat B) have been sitting C) be sitting D) sit
▪ If he should tell lies, we would punish him. ▪ Should he tell lies, we would punish him.
▪ 0952. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.
考点四：用于wish 后的that 从句 中或if only感叹句中 （过去式）
▪ wish 后的that从句和 if only感叹句中都用虚拟 语气来表示一种没有实现或无法实现的愿望。 其中 if only表示的愿望更强烈。从句用一般过 去时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示 与过去事实相反。
主语+would / should / could/ might have done
If 的省略
▪ If he were lazy, he might fail. ▪ Were he lazy, he might….
▪ If he had done it, he would have felt sorry. ▪ Had he done it, he would….
▪ 主要手法
▪ 过去时态的虚拟
▪ 主要出现在if, if only, as if
▪
wish, would rather
▪
it is time that
考点一：用于非真实条件句(过去式
1 与现在事实相反：if 条件句中用一般过去时，主句用 should/would/could/might+动词原形
考点六：用于it is (about / high/ getting) time后that从句
I’d rather you ____ by train because the weather forecast said there would be heavy snow tomorrow. ▪ A. went B. should go C. will go D. go
▪ 我宁愿你乘火车去…， would rather 后接虚拟 语气的从句，用一般过去时。答案 A
虚拟语气的类型（三种）
▪ 原型虚拟 （Be） ▪ Were型虚拟（可以用was,也是过去式） ▪ 过去时态虚拟 ▪ Be he rich or poor, I will marry him all the same. ▪ If only I were a millionaire. (现在状态相反） ▪ I would rather you had come to our April Fool’s
▪ 0652. If only I ____ play the guitar as well as you!
▪ A would ▪ 答案 B
B could C should D might
考点五 在would rater, would sooner, would just as soon 从句
▪ 从句用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反，用过去 完成时表示与过去事实相反。
Subjunctive Mood
语气
▪ 语气是英语动词一种的形式，用以表示说话者 的意图和态度。分为四种
▪ 直接陈述，疑问语气，祈使语气，虚拟语气。 ▪ Wuhan lies in the middle of China. ▪ Make yourself at home. ▪ I only wish we could help.
2 与将来事实相反：if条件用should+动词原形或were to+动词原形，主句用would+动词原形
3 . 与 过 去 事 实 相 反 ： if 条 件 用 过 去 完 成 时 ， 主 句 should/would/could/might 用过去分词（即不定式 完成体）
4. 在if从句中，如果有were, should, had 这三个词， 可以省去if ，将were, should, had 提前至句首采用 倒装形式表示条件。
▪ 0760. He would have finished his college education, but he ____ to quit and find a job to support his family.
▪ A. had had B. has C. had D. would have
if 条件从句
主句
现在事 实相反
将来事 实相反
过去事 实相反
If +主语+过去式 谓语动词
①If+主语+were to do ②if +主语
+should do ③if 主语+过去式
If +主语+had done
主语+would / should / could/ might do 主语+would / should / could/ might do
▪ A. could have been B. would be ▪ C. will be D. would have been ▪ 答案：B
考点二： 用于含蓄虚拟条件句（过去）
பைடு நூலகம்
▪ 不通过if 从句明显地表达出来，而是隐含在副词、 介词短语或上下文中，经常表示这种含蓄条件句 的有otherwise, or, with, without, but for等。 用法与考点一相同。
▪
答案：C
考点三： 用于错综时间条件句
If it had not been for you, I would have been dead. I would not be studying English now. I could not have been leading a happy life. all these would be impossible. eg: If I had worked harder at school, I would _____ in a comfortable office now. A) have sat B) have been sitting C) be sitting D) sit
▪ If he should tell lies, we would punish him. ▪ Should he tell lies, we would punish him.
▪ 0952. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.
考点四：用于wish 后的that 从句 中或if only感叹句中 （过去式）
▪ wish 后的that从句和 if only感叹句中都用虚拟 语气来表示一种没有实现或无法实现的愿望。 其中 if only表示的愿望更强烈。从句用一般过 去时表示与现在事实相反，用过去完成时表示 与过去事实相反。
主语+would / should / could/ might have done
If 的省略
▪ If he were lazy, he might fail. ▪ Were he lazy, he might….
▪ If he had done it, he would have felt sorry. ▪ Had he done it, he would….