22 科学新知-2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读

2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-科学新知
01
（2022·河北·衡水滨湖新区志臻中学一模）Five years is a rather short time in the long history of China. But for digital (数字的) development, a lot of changes have taken place in many aspects of our life.
Nowadays, it’s normal for people to communicate on WeChat, the most popular mobile social media platform in China. People take less cash (现金) with them because most of the stores and hotels accept WeChat Pay and Alipay.
In China, holding a mobile phone means having the world in your hands. You can shop, travel, communicate, have fun by using a mobile phone, and all of these tasks can be completed with a few finger taps. Without mobile phones, life would seem dull.
By the end of 2016, there were 695 million mobile phone users in China, an increase of 12 percent on year-on-year basis. The average mobile Internet data traffic reached 172 megabytes per month, which was far more than the global average.
At the two sessions (两会), Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that in 2017 the speed of mobile network would be increased and the cost would be reduced greatly. Mobile rates for domestic roaming (国内漫游) and long distance calls would be cancelled (取消).
Meanwhile, the TD-LTE 4G communication technology developed mainly in China has been accepted and widely used across the world.
In 2020, China’s 5G network is in service. It helps China’s mobile telecommunication overtake (反超) the international community’s.
1．People take less cash with them because ________.
A．cash isn’t useful any more B．it’s easier to use online pay by mobile phone
C．many stores refuse cash D．online pay is used in all stores and hotels
2．By using a mobile phone, you can do many things EXCEPT ________.
A．ordering something to eat B．chatting with friends
C．playing games D．cooking something delicious
3．According to the passage, we know that ________.
A．The cost of using mobile phones is lower
B．the speed of mobile network slowed down
C．Chinese users will make phone calls for free in the future
D．the using of mobile phones was cancelled
4．Which one is true according to the passage?
A．People can’t live without mobile phones.
B．The speed of mobile network and the cost would be increased greatly.
C．The TD—LTE 4G communication technology is only used in China.
D．China’s 5G network has already been in service.
02
（2022·河南·镇平县基础教育教学研究室三模）All dreaming starts with sleep. When we sleep there are four stages（阶段）that we go through.
Stage One is the lightest stage of sleep. In this stage of sleep someone can be awakened by low sounds or slight touch. Stage One sleep happens through-out the night. It often reappears as a transitional state of sleep following arousal（刺激）during the night. When Stage One does reappear during sleep, it only lasts thirty seconds to one minute. Young adults spend ten to fifteen minutes a night in Stage One sleep.
Stage Two sleep may have some of the slower eye movement Stage One, but in general Stage Two sleep is free of any eye movement. Another feature of stage two is arousal. Since Stage Two is a deeper sleep than Stage One, it will take more arousal to awaken a person from this stage of sleep.
Stage Three sleep as well as Stage Four is usually referred to as a slow wave sleep, which basically means a slow frequency（频率）of brain thought. There are no visual eye movements in this stage. Again in Stage Three it takes even more arousal then Stage Two sleep, to awaken a person from this state of sleep. Most of the dreams remembered take place during stage Three Sleep.
Stage Four sleep is the deepest of sleep. This is where the body and mind gets the most rest. Brain
frequencies increase slightly in Stage Four sleep. In this stage of sleep people begin their dreams. When a person is dreaming you can visually tell by the movement of the eyes. Scientist measure deep sleep by “R.
E. M.” which simply means “rapid eye movement”. What they measure is the amount of time your eye moves in Stage Four sleep and also brain activity along with frequency. Once again much more arousal is needed to awaken a stage four sleeper.
5．How long does Stage one sleep last for young adults?
A．About a minute.B．About a quarter.
C．About an hour.D．About a night.
6．What can we know from Paragraph 3?
A．Eyes don’t move in stage 2 sleep.
B．Stage 1 sleep is lighter than stage 2 sleep.
C．Stage 3 sleep is referred to as a slow wave sleep.
D．Stage 4 sleep is the deepest of sleep.
7．In which stage does the body and mind get the most rest?
A．Stage 1 sleep.B．Stage 2 sleep.
C．Stage 3 sleep.D．Stage 4 sleep.
8．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
A．B．
C．D．
9．What’s this reading about?
A．What does dreaming start with.
B．What your dreams are telling you.
C．What stages of sleep we go through.
D．What kinds of dreams do we have.
03
（2022·河北·唐山市凤凰中学一模）It’s a common belief that fish can’t remember anything for longer than seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that every moment in their lives would be like seeing the world for the first time. But don’t be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have much
better memories than we used to think.
In the study, researchers from Mac Ewan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They took the fish out and then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. They found that after such a long break the fish still went to the same place where they first got food.
In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. But there was no clear evidence until the latest findings.
Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild. “If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains (容纳) safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives in danger,” lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science.
So next time you are watching your pet fish from outside the tank, perhaps you should feel close to them — they may remember who you are.
10．We often feel sorry for fish because ________.
A．they have bad memories B．they can’t remember anything
C．they are often used for research D．every moment in their lives is new
11．Why did the researchers carry out the research?
A．To know if fish can find food easily.
B．To find out if fish have better memories.
C．To tell us fish can live for days without water.
D．To show fish can live long without eating things.
12．What does the underlined word “tank” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．A kind of fish food.B．A kind of hiding place.
C．A container for holding water.D．A container for keeping fish.
04
（2021·福建·上杭县教师进修学校九年级期中）Have you ever splashed(溅洒) water onto your shirt right before an important event? Usually, clothes become darker in color when they get wet. It would certainly be nice if the water didn’t change the color of the clothes so much. But sadly, this isn’t how things work. So why do clothes often appear darker when they get wet.
Before understanding this question, we should first take a quick look at how we “see” colors. Take a red shirt as an example. When it’s hit by the light from the sun, it takes in different wavelengths(波长) of light, except for the red light wavelength. The red light wavelength is reflected to our eyes. That is why the shirt appears red to us.
Now let’s return to the wet shirt. When the light hits a wet shirt, it has to pass through the water on the shirt. The light that should be reflected by the shirt re-absorbed(重新吸收) by the water. This means less light will be sent to our eyes. As a result, the shirt looks “darker”.
But remember: sometimes a wet shirt can seem brighter when viewed from a certain angle. The surface of the shirt is usually rough (粗糙的). Adding water to it makes it smoother. A smooth surface reflects light in a different way from a rough surface. Thus, you may see a small and bright reflection of the light from a certain angle. So basically, a wet shirt will be darker than a dry one, but it can also appear more “shiny” at times.
13．How does the writer explain how we “see” colors?
A．By showing a fact.B．By raising a question.
C．By giving an example.D．By showing his experience.
14．What does the underlined word “reflected” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?
A．穿透B．中断C．接收D．反射
15．What will happen after the light passes through the water on the shirt?
A．More light will be sent to our eye.B．Certain light will be re-absorbed by the water. C．The water on the shirt will be absorbed.D．The light reflected by water will be reduced. 16．What can we know from the last paragraph?
A．You can make your shirt more rough by adding water to it.
B．The light on a smooth surface reflects is different from light on the rough one reflects.
C．From different angles, some small and bright reflection of the light can be seen.
D．It is unusual to see a wet shirt is darker than a dry one in our daily life.
17．Which picture shows the structure (结构) of the passage?
A．B．
C．D．
05
（2022·河南·辉县市教育局教学研究室二模）Time files when you play on your smartphone. But when you get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year. Why are we so attracted by smartphones but easily bored by studying?
It all bolls down to something small and hard to see: dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopamine is a “pleasure chemical” that makes people feel good. Our brains give it out when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we get a prize.
Compared with studying, playing on smartphones causes our brains to give out more dopamine. For example, checking your phone for a text leads to a 400 percent increase in dopamine. But why?
When we visit social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next, or who will give opinions about things we post（发布）. This “magic of maybe”, makes the dopamine system active. We get excited wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations（期待）are met, dopamine is given out.
And to find more dopamine, we continue checking our phones. Studying doesn’t provide such magic. Without this excitement, we get bored much more easily.
Can we do something to change that? According to scientists, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications（通知）or change the screen colors to black and white. We can also set time limits on apps to avoid using them too much.
As for studying, you could check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it, said Daniel Wong, writer of The Happy Student. You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbook. Use what you’ve learned to make an influence in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn.
18．According to the article, what are students like when they study?
A．They get very attracted.
B．They are getting happier.
C．They feel time pass more slowly.
D．Their brain give out more dopamine.
19．What might the phrase “boils down to” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．works out B．turns out C．leads to D．results from
20．When do people have more dopamine?
A．When they know what will happen next.
B．When they stay in a familiar environment.
C．When their expectations are met.
D．When they face fewer unknown things.
21．What is paragraph 4 about?
A．It introduces a way to get more messages from our friends.
B．It gives an example of spending time happily on social media.
C．It describes how scientists discover the way dopamine works.
D．It explains why playing on smartphones causes more dopamine.
22．Which of the following might Daniel Wong suggest to make learning interesting?
A．Setting time limits on everything you do.
B．Stopping playing and finding more interests in real life.
C．Using what you learn from textbooks to do things in real life.
D．Reading the interesting part in your textbooks before reading the others.
参考答案：
1．B2．D3．A4．D
【导语】本文介绍了中国数字化的发展，数字化给中国人民的生活带来非常大的便利，中国也在促进5G通信技术的发展。

1．细节理解题。

根据“People take less cash (现金) with them because most of the stores and hotels accept WeChat Pay and Alipay.”可知，由于大多数商店和酒店接受微信支付和支付宝支付，所以人们随身携
带的现金较少了。

由此说明用手机在线支付更方便。

故选B。

2．推理判断题。

根据“You can shop, travel, communicate, have fun by using a mobile phone, and all of these tasks can be completed with a few finger taps.”可知，你可以利用手机购物，旅行，交流，娱乐，所有的活动只需用手指点击几下。

文中没有提到利用手机能做饭。

故选D。

3．细节理解题。

根据“Mobile rates for domestic roaming (国内漫游) and long distance calls would be cancelled”可知，使用手机的成本更低了。

故选A。

4．推理判断题。

根据最后一段“In 2020, China’s 5G network is in service. It helps China’s mobile telecommunication overtake (反超) the international community’s”可推知，选项D“中国的5G网络已经投入使用。

”正确。

故选D。

5．B6．B7．D8．A9．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了我们所经历的四个睡眠阶段。

5．细节理解题。

根据“Young adults spend ten to fifteen minutes a night in Stage One sleep.”可知年轻人每晚花10到15分钟进行第一阶段睡眠。

故选B。

6．细节理解题。

根据“Since Stage Two is a deeper sleep than Stage One, it will take more arousal to awaken a person from this stage of sleep.”（由于第二阶段比第一阶段睡眠更深，因此需要更多的唤醒才能将人从这一睡眠阶段唤醒。

）可知第一阶段的睡眠比第二阶段的睡眠要轻。

故选B。

7．细节理解题。

根据“Stage Four sleep is the deepest of sleep. This is where the body and mind gets the most rest.”可知在第四阶段身心可以得到最大的休息，故选D。

8．篇章结构题。

文章第一段是点明主题：当我们睡觉时，我们会经历四个阶段。

第二、三、四、五段分别介绍四个睡眠阶段，故选A。

9．主旨大意题。

根据“When we sleep there are four stages that we go through.”结合全文可知本文主要讲述了我们所经历的四个睡眠阶段。

故选C。

10．B11．B12．D
【导语】本文是一篇科普知识类阅读，主要讲述了以前人们都认为鱼类的记忆只能保持7秒钟，但是实验表明其实它们可以有长达12天的记忆，要比以前人们想的聪明得多。

10．细节理解题。

根据“It’s a common belief that fish can’t remember anything for longer than seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that every moment in their lives would be like seeing the world for the first time.
But don’t be so quick to feel sorry for them.”可知，人们普遍认为鱼在7秒钟内什么都记不住，故选B。

11．细节理解题。

根据“A new study has found that fish have much better memories than we used to think.”和“In the study, researchers from Mac Ewan University...They took the fish out and then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again.”可知，做这个研究目的是看看鱼是否有更好的记忆力。

故选B。

12．词义猜测题。

根据“They took the fish out and then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again.”可知，他们把鱼拿出来等了12天再把鱼放回去，所以“tank”为养鱼的容器，故选D。

13．C14．D15．B16．B17．C
【导语】本文主要解释了“衣服湿了颜色会变深”这一现象。

13．细节理解题。

根据“we should first take a quick look at how we ‘see’ colors. Take a red shirt as an example”可知，通过举例来说明这一现象，故选C。

14．词意猜测题。

根据“The red light wavelength is reflected to our eyes. That is why the shirt appears red to us”可知，因为红光波长被反射到我们的眼睛，所以我们看衬衫是红色的，故选D。

15．细节理解题。

根据“The light that should be reflected by the shirt re-absorbed by the water”可知，应该被衬衫反射的光被水重新吸收，故选B。

16．推理判断题。

根据“A smooth surface reflects light in a different way from a rough surface”可知，光滑的表面反射光的方式与粗糙的表面不同，故选B。

17．篇章结构题。

根据全文可知，第一段以日常生活为例引出话题；第二段以红色衬衫为例解释我们怎样能够看到颜色；第三段和第四段解释湿衣服看起来更暗以及更光亮的原因。

故选C。

18．C19．D20．C21．D22．C
【导语】本文主要解释了为什么我们对智能手机如此着迷，却很容易对学习感到厌倦。

18．细节理解题。

根据“But when you get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year.”（但当你开始真正的工作和学习时，一小时就像一年。

）可知学生学习的时候觉得时间过得很慢。

故选C。

19．词义猜测题。

根据“dopamine（多巴胺）. Dopamine is a “pleasure chemical” that makes people feel good. Our brains give it out when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we get a prize.”（多巴胺是一种让人感觉良好的“快感化学物质”。

当我们吃到美味的食物、锻炼后或获奖时，我们的大脑就
会发出这种信号。

）结合第一段“Why are we so attracted by smartphones but easily bored by studying?”可知此处是介绍为什么我们对智能手机如此着迷，却很容易对学习感到厌倦的原因，所以bolls down to和results from“起因于”意思相近，故选D。

20．细节理解题。

根据“When our expectations（期待）are met, dopamine is given out.”可知当人们的期望得到满足时，就会有更多的多巴胺被释放出来，故选C。

21．段落大意题。

根据“When we visit social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next, or who will give opinions about things we post（发布）. This “magic of maybe”, makes the dopamine system active. We get excited wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations（期待）are met, dopamine is given out.”（当我们访问社交媒体时，我们不知道接下来会看到什么，也不知道谁会对我们发布的内容发表意见。

这种“可能的魔力”使多巴胺系统活跃。

我们很兴奋，想知道是否有朋友的消息。

当我们的期望得到满足时，多巴胺就会释放出来。

）结合第一段“Why are we so attracted by smartphones but easily bored by studying?”可知此处是解释了为什么玩智能手机会产生更多的多巴胺。

故选D。

22．细节理解题。

根据“You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbook. Use what you’ve learned to make an influence in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn.”（你还可以搜索与教科书相关的有趣主题。

利用你所学的知识在现实世界中产生影响。

这将使知识更有趣。

）可知用你从课本上学到的东西在现实生活中做事情。

故选C。