急性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病的各种类型(一)法道自然战友
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急性炎性脱髓鞘性多发性神经根神经病的各种类型(一)
法道自然战友:
病例1,请大家讨论临床类型,发病机制
傅××,男性,72岁,2005年10月13日早晨感双手麻木,上午工作期间感张口困难,言语不清,吞咽困难。急入某院急诊,病情进行性迅速发展,就诊时出现四肢活动无力,不能言语、张口,吞咽困难,行头CT未见明显异常,查体:意识清楚,双侧面瘫,构音障碍,软腭不能上抬,不能转头,仅眼球能够活动。四肢软瘫,病理征阴性。考虑为“脑干梗死,闭锁综合症”,当晚即因呼吸受累及行机械通气。住院期间:10月13-25日发热(体温38~41℃),血压80 ~120/ 40 ~70mmHg,心率100 ~130次/分,多汗。病程第2月转另一家医院。
病程第5月,患者逐渐能够闭眼,张口,伸舌,发声;四肢近端肌力恢复至4级,远端肌力仍为0级,肌萎缩,腱反射消失,病理征阴性。手袜套样针刺觉减退;皮肤干燥,皮肤营养差;窦房结功能不全:窦性停搏,逸搏心律,房室传导阻滞(1-2度);腹胀,排便困难,听诊为气过水声,X线表现为肠管扩张积气,结肠镜检:结肠脾曲部以上干结阻塞大便。呼吸支持模式为,自主呼吸次数为8次/分钟。2006年3月:头MRI脑干未见缺血病变。腰穿检查:WBC 2/ul,蛋白0.13g/L,OB阳性,CSF IgG鞘内合成率57(<7),MBP升高。
Liusuifeng战友:
格林巴利综合症分型
1经典格林巴利综合症即aidp
2急性运动轴索性神经病即aman 为纯运动性gbs
3急性运动感觉轴索性神经病即amsan 病情严重预后差
4miller-fisher综合症表现为眼外肌麻痹共济失调和腱反射消失5不能分类的gbs
包括纯感觉性gbs
全自主神经功能不全性gbs
多数脑神经性gbs
病例一老年男性,起病较急,病变累计运动神经、感觉神经、颅神经、自主神经系统,考虑还是经典gbs 即aidp吧
A7662888战友:
In case 1, this patient showed sensory symptoms of both hands first. Rapidly progressive clinical course, starting from bulabr and facial paralysis, followed by neck and four limbs weakness, was noted. Finally, the patient developed respiratory failure. The significant NEGATIVE finding was oculomotor system sparing.
There was prominent autonomic system involvement, including sweating, hypotension, spiking fever, cardiac conduction block and GI dysfunction.
This patient had poor recovery within a half year.
The CSF study showed cyto-albuminal dissociation, which was
compatible with inflammatory process in nature.
I agreed the illness was PNS in nature due to negative MRI findings. Cervical myelopathy could be excluded due to bifacial and bulbar weakness.
As I lnow, this patient did NOT show a clinical course of typical AIDP, because he had fulminant DESCENDING paralysis with very poor prognosis.
MFS could be excluded due to oculomotor sparing.
I would like to know more about the past history of the patient, including toxin, travel, or medication history.
Besides GBS, other possibilities should be in the differential diagnosis, including Diphtheria (typical for oculomotor sparing), acute intermittent prophyria (too old for this patient), Toxic polyneuropathy (organophasphate, thallium etc, but negative for exposure history), Tick paralysis.
Hyperacute axonal polyradiculoneuropathy was my first impression till now!
法道自然战友:
a7662888 兄分析的非常好,的确是训练有素。佩服!
补充以下病史:1、该患者是一位中科院院士,平素身体健康,无高血压病和糖尿病史,北京居住,家庭和睦,子女孝顺,没有中毒或毒素接触史,没有蜱叮咬史。2、患者在第一家医院诊断为“脑干梗死”,
一直按照血管病治疗。转院后查头颈MRI均未见异常。3、患者经免疫调节治疗后,预后良好,病程6月时脱离呼吸机,胃肠功能恢复,心脏功能稳定。现在能够站立。
法道自然战友:
病例2、请大家讨论临床类型、发病机制
马××,女,42岁,主因“言语不清,左上肢疼痛无力8天”门诊于2005年12月13日收住院。
患者于入院半个月前“感冒” 后,出现头晕、恶心、呕吐、呃逆,7天后出现舌僵硬、言语不清、吞咽困难,出汗较多,10天后自觉左侧后枕部疼痛、左侧上肢反复突发性“过电样抽筋、疼痛”,每天发作7-9次不等,每次20-30秒钟,左上肢活动无力,不能穿衣系扣。查体:神清,构音障碍,双额面纹对称,双侧软腭抬举无力,咽反射迟钝,伸舌偏左,左侧舌肌萎缩,向右侧转颈力弱,左上肢肌力:近端4级,远端肌力2级,左手垂腕,肌张力低,肱二头肌反射和桡骨膜反射减低。病理征阴性。
颈椎MRI:C4-6椎后缘增生,C6/7椎间盘突出,C5/6后纵韧带骨化
头MRI(05.12.08):未见异常
腰穿压力115mmH2O,CSF生化、常规(05.12.16):氯离子124mmol/L,糖4.5mmol/L,蛋白76.0mg/L,潘氏反应(+),细胞数0/ul,WBC 0/ul。