译林牛津高二模块五Unit3 词汇和语法(下)学案

译林牛津高二模块五Unit3 词汇和语法（下）学案
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词汇和语法
词汇1.challenging adj. 富有挑战性的
【教材原句】It is a challenging profession. 这是一份富有挑战性的职业。
【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分
1. Teaching young children is a challenging and rewarding job. ____________________
2. He challenged me to play another tennis game. ____________________
3. The company is ready to meet the challenges of the next few years. ___________________
1. 一项既有挑战性，又有意义的工作； 2.挑战我； 3.迎接挑战
【拓展】
challenge vt. 意为__________ 挑战 n. ______________ 挑战，（比赛等的）提议
【搭配】
raise to/ meet a challenge _____________________ 迎接挑战
a challenge to sb _____________________ 对某人来说是一个挑战
face/ accept a challenge _______________________ 面对/ 接受挑战

学法点拨：challenge 用作动词时是及物动词，直接跟宾语。类似用法的动词还有：address
(向...发表演说)； brief(向...作简要介绍)。

E.g. He addressed an audience of 10,000supporters. 他向一万名支持者发表了演说。
词汇2.figure out 计算出，弄懂，弄明白
【教材原句】He is always working in his lab, trying to figure out all the mysteries that make
him puzzled. 他一直都在实验室里工作，努力弄明白所有那些让他迷惑的奥秘。

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分
1. They can’t figure out how much money will be needed to push ahead with the project. _______
2. I can’t figure out how he succeeded in finishing his work in such a short time. _____________
1. 计算出； 2. 琢磨不出
译林牛津高二模块五Unit3 词汇和语法（下）学案
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【链接】
figure sb to be _______________ 料想某人是 figure in ______________把...考虑在内
figure on ________________ 预料到，计划 be good at figures _____________ 擅长计算
have / keep a good figure ________________有/ 保持好身材

词汇3. burn out 耗尽，筋疲力尽；烧坏，烧掉，烧尽
【教材原句】I’m totally burnt out. 我完全累垮了。
【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分
1. If he works so hard regardless of his health, he will be in danger of burning himself out. _____
2. The hotel was completely burnt out. _____________________
1. 把他自己累垮； 2.烧毁了
【链接】
burn up ____________被烧毁，被烧掉（通常指烧掉除建筑物以外的东西）
burn away _____________烧掉，烧光 burn down _______________烧毁
burn...to the ground ________________把..烧为平地 burn with anger ___________怒火中烧
burn off _______________ 烧掉，消耗掉
burn one’s bridge/ boats _________________破釜沉舟
误区警示：burn up, burn away, burn down 这三个短语既可以用作及物动词短语，也可以
用作不及物动词短语；但burn off 一般只用作及物动词短语

词汇4. relation n. [U] (人或事物之间的)联系，关联，关系；[C] (人、团体，国家之间的)关
系，联系

【教材原句】Public Relations Manager 公关部经理
【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分
1. The cost of this project bears no relation to the results. _______________________
2. Relations between the two countries have improved recently. ___________________
1.此项目的费用与其成果不相称； 2.两国之间的关系
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误区警示：relation 作“国家、公司、组织等之间的正式关系，人或团体之间的关系”
讲解时常用复数形式

【拓展】
in relation to (= about ) ___________________ 相对某事物而言，关于某事物
E.g. This month’s production of that factory has decreased in relation to last month’s.
【链接】
relate vt. 把...联系起来 vi.有关，涉及（常与介词to连用）
relate...to/ with __________________ 把....与...联系起来
be related to _____________________ 与...有关系
E.g. 1. I can’t relate what he does to what he says.
2. The breakthrough in cloning that scientists have made is related to their hard work.
词汇5. Follow in one’s footsteps 效仿某人；继承某人的事业，步某人的后尘
【教材原句】...but this does not mean that we should follow in his steps. 但这并不意味着我
们应效仿他们。

【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分
1. Your brother committed a crime. You shouldn’t follow in his steps. ____________________
2. She works in education, following in her father’s footsteps. ____________________
1. 你不应该步他后尘； 2. 继承父业
【链接】
as follows _________________ 如下 follow the fashion _______________赶时髦
follow the rule ______________ 遵循这条规则 it follows that... _____________ 其结果是
follow one’s advice ____________ 听从某人的忠告
译林牛津高二模块五Unit3 词汇和语法（下）学案

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误区警示： 注意下面句子中的followed与following的不同：
1. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by his students. 那位老师走进教室，后面跟着他的
学生。

2. The teacher entered the classroom, following his students. 那位老师跟在他的学生后面走进教
室。

词汇6. majority n. 大多数，过半数
【教材原句】I am sure that if you conducted a survey among UK citizens, it would show that
the majority of people would not support this type of scientific research.

我敢确定如果你在英国民众中作调查，调查将显示大部分人不支持这种科学研究。
【例句研读】翻译下列句中划线部分
1. Among the members of the committee those who favour the proposed changes are in the
majority. _________________

2. The majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health. __________________
3. The majority is / are doing its/ their best to help solve the problem of climate change. _______
1. 占大多数； 2.大多数人； 3.多数人
【搭配】
be in the/ a majority ______________构成大部分，大多数

学法点拨：the majority of 后跟名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数；后跟单数名词做主语，
谓语动词用单数； the majority 单独作主语，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体，
谓语动词用复数

【链接】
minority n. 少数，少数民族，少数派
be in the/ a minority ____________ 占少数，成为少数派

词汇7. in summary 总的来说，概括起来