博弈论介绍PPT课件
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Simultaneous play
Payoff to Player 2
players analyze the game and write their strategy on a paper
Combination of strategies determines payoff
More Formal Game Definition
But it can provide intuitions, suggestions and partial prescriptions
best mathematical tool we currently have
What is a Game?
A Game consists of
at least two players a set of strategies for each player a preference relation over possible outcomes
Player is general entity
individual, company, nation, protocol, animal, etc
Strategies
actions which a player chooses to follow
Outcome
determined by mutual choice of strategies
Outline
Introduction to game theory Typical games in networking A sample game in Cognitive Radio Networks
What is Game Theory About?
Analysis of situations where conflict of interests are present
Theory developed mainly by mathematicians and economists
contributions from biologists
Widely applied in many disciplines
from economics to philosophy, including computer science (Systems, Theory and AI)
individualized play, no bindings among players
Repeated and Evolutionary Games
dynamic scenario
Cooperative Games
play as a group, possible bindings
Matrix Game (Normal form)
Normal form (strategic) game a finite set N of players
a set strategies A i for each player iN
payoff function u i ( s ) for each player iN • where sAjNAj is the set of strategies
2
2
Game of Chicken
driver who steers away looses What should drivers do?
Goal is to prescribe how conflicts can be resolved
Applications of Game Theory
Representation of a game
Strategy set for Player 1
A Player 1
B
Player 2
A
B
(2, 2) (0, 0)
(-5, 1) (3, 4)
Strategy set for Player 2
C (-2, -1)
(3, -1)
Payoff to Player 1
Introduction to Game Theory and its Applications in Wireless
Networks
Dept. of Electronics and Information Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Preference relation
modeled as utility (payoff) over set of outcomes
Classification of Games
Many, many types of games
three major categories
Non-Cooperative (Competitive) Games
Limitations of Game Theory
Real-world conflicts are complex
models can at best capture important aspects
Players are (usually) considered rational
determine what is best for them given that others are doing the same
goal is often to understand some phenomena
“Recently” applied to computer networks
paper in first volume of IEEE/ACM ToN (1993) wider interest starting around 2000
chosen by all players
A is the set of all possible outcomes
sA iwk.baidu.com a set of strategies chosen by players
defines an outcome
Payoff to Player 2
players analyze the game and write their strategy on a paper
Combination of strategies determines payoff
More Formal Game Definition
But it can provide intuitions, suggestions and partial prescriptions
best mathematical tool we currently have
What is a Game?
A Game consists of
at least two players a set of strategies for each player a preference relation over possible outcomes
Player is general entity
individual, company, nation, protocol, animal, etc
Strategies
actions which a player chooses to follow
Outcome
determined by mutual choice of strategies
Outline
Introduction to game theory Typical games in networking A sample game in Cognitive Radio Networks
What is Game Theory About?
Analysis of situations where conflict of interests are present
Theory developed mainly by mathematicians and economists
contributions from biologists
Widely applied in many disciplines
from economics to philosophy, including computer science (Systems, Theory and AI)
individualized play, no bindings among players
Repeated and Evolutionary Games
dynamic scenario
Cooperative Games
play as a group, possible bindings
Matrix Game (Normal form)
Normal form (strategic) game a finite set N of players
a set strategies A i for each player iN
payoff function u i ( s ) for each player iN • where sAjNAj is the set of strategies
2
2
Game of Chicken
driver who steers away looses What should drivers do?
Goal is to prescribe how conflicts can be resolved
Applications of Game Theory
Representation of a game
Strategy set for Player 1
A Player 1
B
Player 2
A
B
(2, 2) (0, 0)
(-5, 1) (3, 4)
Strategy set for Player 2
C (-2, -1)
(3, -1)
Payoff to Player 1
Introduction to Game Theory and its Applications in Wireless
Networks
Dept. of Electronics and Information Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Preference relation
modeled as utility (payoff) over set of outcomes
Classification of Games
Many, many types of games
three major categories
Non-Cooperative (Competitive) Games
Limitations of Game Theory
Real-world conflicts are complex
models can at best capture important aspects
Players are (usually) considered rational
determine what is best for them given that others are doing the same
goal is often to understand some phenomena
“Recently” applied to computer networks
paper in first volume of IEEE/ACM ToN (1993) wider interest starting around 2000
chosen by all players
A is the set of all possible outcomes
sA iwk.baidu.com a set of strategies chosen by players
defines an outcome