《社会研究方法》艾尔巴比_英文ppt_Ch12

Time-Series Designs

Studies that involve measurements taken over time.
Non-equivalent Control Group

A control group that is similar to the experimental group but is not created by the random assignment of subjects.
Question

A research design that involves measurements made over some period may be defined as: A. time series designs B. quasi experiments C. multiple time series designs D. none of these choices
Answer: C

Evaluation research has grown in popularity because of federal requirements demanding program evaluations, and the availability of research funds to fulfill federal requirements.
Answer: A

Evaluation is a form of applied research.
2. __________________ determine whether the results of a program can be justified by its expense. A. longitudinal studies B. needs assessment studies C. cost-benefit studies D. monitoring studies
Question

Besides making measurements relevant to the outcomes of a program, researchers must measure the __________________. A. primary cause B. program intervention C. tertiary effect D. all of these choices E. none of these choices
Answer: B

Besides making measurements relevant to the outcomes of a program, researchers must measure the program intervention.
Observations of Class Participation: Before and After an Open Discussion
Evaluation Research Designs



Experimental designs Quasi-experimental designs • Time-series design • Nonequivalent control groups • Multiple Time-Series designs Qualitative evaluations
Evaluation Research

Research undertaken for the purpose of determining the impact of some social intervention, such as a program aimed at solving a social problem.
Question

___________________ aim to determine the existence and extent of problems. A. longitudinal studies B. needs assessment studies C. cost-benefit studies D. monitoring studies
Chapter 12
Evaluation Research
Chapter Outline


Introduction Topics Appropriate To Evaluation Research Formulating the Problem: Issues of Measurement Types of Evaluation Research Designs The Social Context Social Indicators Research
Question

Why has evaluation research grown in popularity? A. federal requirements demanding program evaluations B. the availability of research funds to fulfill federal requirements C. both a and b D. none of these choices
Needs Assessment Studies

Studies that aim to determine the existence and extent of problems, typically among a segment of the population, such as the elderly.
Implications may not be presented in a way that nonresearchers can understand. Results sometimes contradict deeply held beliefs. Vested interest in a program.


Social interventions being evaluated may raise ethical issues. Evaluation research may be a mask for unethical behavior.
Why Results Are Ignored


Social Indicators

Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
Aggregated statistics that reflect the social condition of a society or social subgroup.
Social Indicators Research


Provides an understanding of broader social processes. Researchers are developing more refined indicators. Research is being devoted to discovering the relationships among variables within whole societies.


Studies that provide a steady flow of information about something of interest, such as crime rates or the outbreak of an epidemic. Program Evaluation/outcome Assessment The determination of whether a social intervention is producing the intended result.
Quasi Experiments

Nonrigorous inquiries somewhat resembling controlled experiments but lacking key elements such as pre- and posttesting and/or control groups.
Types of Measurement in Evaluation Research


Experimental Stimulus (interventions) Population - demographic variables as well as variables defining the population.
Rate per 100,000 Population of 1st- and 2nd- Degree Murders
Non-CapitalPunishment States 1967 1968
First-degree murder Second-degree murder 0.18 0.30 0.21 0.43
Answer: B

Needs assessment studies aim to determine the existence and extent of problems.
Question

_________________ provide a steady flow of information about something of interest. A. longitudinal studies B. needs assessment studies C. cost-benefit studies D. monitoring studies
CapitalPunishment States 1967 1968
1.47 1.92 1.58 1.03
Total murders
0.48
0.64
1.38
1.59
Quick Quiz
1. ______________ is a form of applied research. A. evaluation B. experimentation C. interviewing D. field research
Answer: D
• Monitoring studies provide a steady flow of information about something of interest.
Types of Measurement in Evaluation Research


Outcome (response variable) Experimental Context - aspects of the context of an experiment that might affect the experiment.
Evaluation Research



Appropriate for any study of planned or actual social intervention. Goal is to determine whether a social intervention has produced the intended result. Results are not always well received.
Cost-benefit Studies

Studies that determine whether the results of a program can be justified by its expense (both financial and other).
Monitoring Studies
Answer: A

A research design that involves measurements made over some period may be defined as time series designs.
Active Initiatives over Time
Ethical Issues