新型超声椭圆振动无心磨削技术

第8卷 第6期2010年11月纳 米 技 术 与 精 密 工 程Nanotechnology and Precision E ngi n eeri ng V o.l 8 N o .6

N ov . 2010

新型超声椭圆振动无心磨削技术

范玉峰1

,唐 昆1

,尹韶辉1

,朱勇建1

,吴勇波

2

(1.湖南大学国家高效磨削工程技术研究中心,长沙410082;2.日本秋田县立大学,秋田县015-0055)摘 要:本文提出一种以超声椭圆振动板取代传统导轮的新型无心磨削技术,通过对该部件中的压电陶瓷(lead zirconate ti tanate ,PbZ r T i O 3,PZT )施加交流电压,在该板端面产生超声椭圆振动并控制工件的旋转速度.从振型、激振方式、结构和尺寸等方面,对该超声椭圆振动部件进行了设计,研究了输入信号参数(频率、相位差和电压幅值)与振动部件中金属板端面超声椭圆振动的形状和幅值之间的关系.实验结果表明,该超声椭圆振动板具有良好的性能,其端面的超声椭圆振动能精确控制工件旋转的速度.最后,采用改进后的超声椭圆振动无心磨床对初始直径为1mm ~5mm 的微小圆柱形工件进行了磨削实验.实验结果表明,磨削后工件的圆度误差从20 m 下降至3 m 以下,其最小值达到0 73 m ,磨削后工件最小直径达到130 m,从而证实了新型无心磨削技术的有效性.关键词:无心磨削;超声椭圆振动部件;压电陶瓷(lead zirconate titanate ,PbZ r T i O 3,PZT );微小零部件中图分类号:TG 580 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1672-6030(2010)06-0484-07

收稿日期:2010-09-03.

基金项目:国家重点科技支撑计划资助项目(2007BAF29B03);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2006AA04Z335).作者简介:范玉峰(1969 ),男,博士,教授,yffan @li ve .co m.通讯作者:唐 昆,博士生,t angtangtangkun@hot ma i .l co m.

Ne w U ltrasonic Elliptic Vibration Centerless Gri nding Techni que

F AN Yu -feng 1

,TANG Kun 1

,Y IN Shao -hui 1

,Z HU Yong -ji a n 1

,WU Yong -bo

2

(1.N ationa l Eng i neer i ng R esearch Center for H igh Effi c i ency G ri nding ,H unan U niversity ,Changsha 410082,Chi na ;

2.A k ita P re fectura lU n i versity ,A k ita 015-0055,Japan)

A bstract :A nove l centerless grinding m et h od usi n g an u ltrason ic elli p tic v i b ration shoe instead o f t h e tra -ditional regulati n g w hee lw as developed i n t h is paper ,i n w hich the end face o f the v i b ration shoe genera -ted an e lliptic m oti o n at a h i g h frequency and contro lled the rotational speed o f the w orkpiece when the a-l ternati v e current (AC )vo ltagesw ere app lied to the piezoe lectric cera m ic dev ice (lead zirconate titanate ,PbZr T i O 3,PZT ).The u ltrason ic e lliptic v i b rati o n shoe w as designed in the respects of v i b rati o n m ode ,

excitation m ethod ,structure and di m ensions .The relati o nsh ip bet w een the para m eters o f i n put signa,l such as frequency ,phase d ifference ,and vo ltage a m plitude ,and the shapes and a m plitudes of the u ltra -son ic e lliptic vibration at the end of the shoe was a lso i n vestigated .Experi m enta l resu lts show t h at the u-l trason ic e lli p tic v i b ration shoe had a good perfo r m ance and the ultrasonic e lliptic v ibration on the end face o f the shoe cou ld con tro l the w orkpiece rotati o n prec ise ly .F i n ally ,g ri n d i n g experi m ents w ere conducted on the m icro cy li n dricalworkp ieces w ith t h e i n iti a l dia m eters o f 1mm 5mm usi n g a m od ified centerless grinder .Resu lts i n dicate that the r oundness error o f the ground w or kpieces w as decreased fro m 20 m down to less than 3 m w ith the m i n i m u m o f 0.73 m and the m ini m um dia m eter o f the ground w orkp iec -es reached 130 m,wh ich has verifi e d the validity of the proposed ne w m ethod .

K eywords :centerless gr i n d i n g ;u ltrason ic elli p tic v ibrati o n shoe ;p iezoelectric cera m ic device (lead zir -conate titana te,PbZr T i O 3,PZT);m icro parts