2013年3月pets 2 真题及答案(附原文填空)
2013年3月公共英语二级真题及答案解析
2013年3月公共英语二级真题及答案解析(1~5/共5题)听力理解对话一听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一道小题，从题中所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
Play00:0002:02Volume第1题Who joined the company recently?A.Some designers.B.An art director.C.Some photographers.第2题What does the woman mean?A.She knows the manager.B.She just moved in here.C.She is a visitor.第3题What did the woman do last weekend?A.She took a walk.B.She went boating.C.She stayed at home.第4题Where is National City Bank?A.On Elm Street.B.On Oak Street.C.On Poplar Street.第5题What will Lisa do after work?A.Pick up her friends.B.Go for a drink with her friends.C.Meet her friends at a repair shop.下一题(6~7/共15题)对话二听下面每段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒种；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
Play00:0001:57Volume第6题What does the man think of the French restaurant?A.The menu is too old.B.It´s too far away.C.The price is too high.Why does the man want to eat in?A.He´s in a bad mood.B.He´s good at cooking.C.He´s tired of eating out.上一题下一题(8~10/共15题)对话二听下面每段对话或独白。
2013考研英语二真题及答案（详细版）
2013考研英语二真题及答案（详细版）考研英语真题频道为您提供2013考研英语二真题及答案(详细版)，希望大家喜欢。
2013考研英语二真题及答案(详细版)Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ o f money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer’s account, which mea ns that the writer of the check canearn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail答案：1-5: ADBDC6-10: BBDBA11-15: ADCCC16-20: CABAD。
全国英语等级考试(PETS)二级高分应试教程(听力技巧指南及专项训练)【圣才出品】
第2章听力技巧指南及专项训练2.1 题型概述该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解英语口语的能力。
要求考生根据所听到的5段简短对话，从每题所给的3个选择项中选出最佳选项。
B节要求考生根据所听到的5段对话或独白，从每题所给的3个选择项中选出最佳选项。
每段录音材料只播放一遍。
问题不在录音中播放，仅在试卷上印出。
PETS第2级考生应能听懂熟悉的日常生活中发音清楚、语速较慢的简短独自和对话等。
考生应能做到以下几点：·理解主旨要义；·获取事实性的具体信息；·对说话的背景、说话者之间的关系等能作出简单的推断；·理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。
2.2 应试技巧I. 短对话听力部分A节考试中包含10道短对话题目，对应十篇短对话文章。
考试要点为两人说话内容推理或解析。
短对话大致可以归纳为以下几类：◆地点场景题，人物关系题与人物职业题所用方法一致，听对应的标志词即可。
例：1. Where is National City Bank? [2013年3月真题][A] On Elm Street.[B] On Oak Street.[C] On Poplar Street.【答案】B【解析】录音中男士问：“我怎样才可以去花旗银行？”，女士回答说：“Walk down Elm Street as far as the traffic lights; turn left onto Poplar Street; walk to the end onto Oak Street and the bank is on your left.”，由此可知，先沿着Elm Street向下走，在红绿灯口左转到Poplar Street，一直走到底，然后到Oak Street，银行就在你的左边，即银行在Oak Street上。
【录音原文】M: How can I get to National City Bank?W: Walk down Elm Street as far as the traffic lights; turn left onto Poplar Street; walk to the end onto Oak Street and the bank is on your left.◆转折词引导题一般情况下，转折处是考点，但是需要将整个句子听完整，并看清题目要求，以免选择错误。
2013年3月公共英语二级考试真题及答案
2013年3月公共英语二级考试真题及答案第一部分听力第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有1O秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Who joined the company recently?[A] Some designers. [B] An art director. [C] Some photographers.2. What does the woman mean?[A]She knows the manager.[B] She just moved in here.[C]She is a visitor.3. What did the woman do last weekend?[A] She took a walk. [B]She went boating. [C]She stayed at home.4. Where is National City Bank?[A] On Elm Street. [B].On Oak Street, [C] On Poplar Street.5. What will Lisa do after work?[A] Pick up her friends.[B] Go for a drink with her friends.[C] Meet her friends at arepair shop.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。
6. What does the man think of the French restaurant?[A] The menu is too old. [B]It's too far away. [C]The price is too high.7. Why does the man want to eat in?[A] He's in a bad mood.[B] He's good at cooking.[C] He's tired of eating out.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10题。
2013年PETS 3真题
SECTION II Use of English(15 minutes)根据下列材料，请回答26-45题：What do I want? It' s really a very 26 question; yet many of us are not sure． 27itdoesn' t have to be all that difficult to answer．It' s a matter of 28 Have you ever looked through a telescope at something? You find a 29 point to concentrate on, and then 30 the settings．At first, it's too 31 , then it's too far away, finally it' s just right．The 32 is that it takes many adjustments to 33 the subject into focus．If 34 want to look at something else, the 35 starts again．Goal-setting is the same way．Don' t 36 if at first you don' t know exactly what youwant to 37 ．Just don' t make the mistake of never committing 38 anything．Sometimesthe answer is very simple: Just 39 something!Dr．Mark Goldstone, author of Get Out of Your Own Way, 40 you "look back in order to look 41．" Examine your calendar at day' s end during a typical week and 42 each appointment or listing on a scale of - 3 to + 3, 43 -3 means "If I never do this again, it willbe 'too soon to do it．" and + 3 means "I could do this all day long, and I can' t 44 to do it all over again．" 45 you identify the frequent themes, you' 11 be able to better focus your dreams．26、A．strangeB．simpleC．ridiculousD．funny27、A．AndB．SoC．ForD．But28、A．timeB．determinationC．focusD．preference29、A．referenceB．turningC．startingD．major30、A．switchB．openC．adjustD．fix31、A．largeB．darkC．foggyD．close32、A．signB．pointC．choiceD．law33、A．bringB．moveC．includeD．put34、A．observersB．viewersC．weD．you35、A．practiceB．processC．progressD．performance36、A．hesitateB．mindC．worryD．apologize37、A．seeB．sayC．doD．hear38、A．inB．onC．toD．at39、A．writeB．pickC．testD．draw40、A．suggestsB．announcesC．imaginesD．warns41、A．forwardB．upC．roundD．in42、A．readB．correctC．defineD．grade43、A．whichB．whatC．whereD．why44、A．waitB．promiseC．affordD．manage45、A．OnceB．UnlessC．BeforeD．ThoughSECTION III Reading Comprehension Part A(40 minutes)Text 146、根据下列材料，请回答46-60题：In 1997, 25 Japanese citizens, all older than 60, launched Jeeba (the name means "old man and old woman") to make senior-friendly products．They knew they were making history when they coined their company motto : "Of the elderly, by the elderly and for the elderly" They do not hire young people, and the oldest of their workers is 75．Firms run by senior citizens are still a rarity, in Japan and worldwide．But the elderly have numbers on their side．Healthier and longer-living seniors, born immediately after World War II,are reaching retirement age in huge numbers all over the developed world．Extremely low birthrates in those same countries mean there are far fewer young workers to take their place．One likely consequence is now clear: shrinking work forces．While the streamlining effects of international competition are focusing attention on the need to create and keep good jobs, those fears will eventually give way to worries about the growing shortage of young workers．One unavoidable solution: putting older people back to work, whether they like it or not．Indeed, advanced economies like those of Finland and Denmark have already raised their retirement ages．Others are under severe pressure to follow suit, as both the European Commission and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have recently warned their members that their future prosperity depends on a growing contribution from the elderly．Whether these changes are good or bad news to workers depends on whether they anticipate retirement with eagerness or dread．In the United States, half of working-age Americans now expect to work into their 70s, whether by financial necessity or by lifestyle choice, according to a new study by Putnam Investments．Contrary to still widespread assumptions, there is very little hard evidence to suggest that companies cannot stay competitive with a rising share of older workers．At 13ritish hardware chain B&Q, its "elder worker" stores in Manchester and Exmouth were 18 percent more profitable than its regular outlets--due in part, the company says, to six times less employee turnover and 60 percent less shoplifting and breakage．46、Jeeba' s difference from a conventional company mainly lies inA．the age of its employeesB．the number of its ownersC．the quality of its productsD．the scope of its operations47、In the developed world, compared with young people, the elderlyA．are better at businessB．are greater in numberC．have healthier lifestylesD．have more job opportunities48、According to the writer, in the current situation companies are faced with the tough task of A．creating good positionsB．employing retired workersC．filling vacant positionsD．replacing unskilled workers49、For future prosperity, many European countries will have toA．increase the number of young workersB．offer many senior-friendly jobsC．improve services for seniorsD．raise their retirement ages50、B&Q' s "elder worker" stores are mentioned to show that the employment of older work-ers A．does not reduce a company' s competitivenessB．does not affect older workers' lifestyle ChoicesC．is not a usual practice among competitive firmsD．is not good news to those who are eager to retireText 2根据下列材料，请回答51-65题：Here' s how I want to watch the 2014 Winter Olympics．I want to go to a Web site to see any event I want, whenever I want to watch it, on whatever screen I choose．I' 11 gladly pay．The technology exists to make this happen today．Yet nearly two decades after the introduction of the World Wide Web, this remains a fantasy NBC, which broadcasted the Vancouver Olympics in the United States, wouldn' t put videos on its Web site until they had been shown on prime-time TV．So Americans had the weird experience of learning from a news report during the day that something fantastic had just happened, and then having to wait until that night' s broadcast to see it．Bloggers complained, but NBC wouldn' t give way．Its research shows that people like me, who want to watch the Olympics online, represent only 7 percent of the total audience．The other, bigger concern is: the Internet doesn' t deliver any money．Advertisers remain willing to pay big money to show their commercials on prime-time TV．But on the Internet? Not so much．So NBC clings to the old way of doing things．As it sees it, the prime-time show is the most important．To make matters worse, NBC was already expecting to lose $ 250 million on the 2010 Vancouver Games．Good luck persuading it to invest in a risky Web project．It's easy to blame the network executives．But the NBC guys and their like are only doing what makes sense．They're going where the money is．That needs to change．Yes, selling reporting of Olympic events over the Internet would drain away some of the prime-time audience, but my sense is many of the online subscribers would still watch the prime-time show．And over time, the subscription dollars could become a substantial rev- enue stream．Instead of viewing the Internet as a threat to prime time, the TV networks should see the Web as a way to sell even more of their product to a small but passionate subset of their audi-ence．I' m hoping that by 2014, that will have changed．51、According to the writer, watching the Olympics online as one likesA．is technologically impossibleB．is still denied to the audienceC．has been a dream for 20 yearsD．will no longer be free in 201452、We learn that what Americans saw about the Vancouver OlympicsA．was unavailable onlineB．differed from the newsC．seemed weird to themD．was first shown on TV53、Bloggers complained about NBC' sA．neglect of those in the minorityB．excessive online advertisementsC．delay in providing videos onlineD．limited reporting on sports news54、After the 2010 Vancouver Games, NBC is likely toA．improve its prime-time showB．continue its current practiceC．raise its price for advertisingD．try its luck in a web program55、The writer thinks the TV networks should view the Web as a potential to help them to A．make dramatic profitsB．develop new productsC．satisfy their subscribersD．divide prime-time revenuesText 3根据下列材料，请回答56-70题：One important thing during the pre-Christmas rush at our house was the arrival of my daughter' s kindergarten report card．She got high praise for her reading, vocabulary and overall enthusiasm．On the other hand, we learnt that she has work to do on her numbers and facility with the computer, though the detailed handwritten report her teachers prepared is absent of any words that might be interpreted as negative in describing her efforts．A number system indicates how she' s measuring up in each area without any mention of passing or failing．All of which seems to make my daughter' s school neither fish nor fowl when it comes to thedebate over the merits of giving formal grades to kids．At one level, the advantages and disadvantages are obvious．A grade system provides a straightforward standard by which to measure how your child is progressing at school--and how he or she is getting on compared to other children．But as writer Sue Ferguson notes, "Grades can deceive．" The aim should be "to measure learning, not simply what a student can recall on a test．" The two aren' t the same--and if you doubt that as an adult, ask yourself whether you could sit down without any preparation and still pass those high school-level examinations．If you' re old enough, you' ve lived through this debate before．At one time, it was considered unfair to put children in direct competition with one another if it could be avoided．The intention behind that may have been good, but it ignored the fact that competition, and the will to come out on top, are essential components of the human condition．This time around, educators working with a no-grades approach are emphasizing different rea-sons．The thing is, that approach is much more commonplace in the adult workplace than is the traditional pass-fail system we place on our children．Many workplaces conduct regular employee evaluations．There are usually fairly strict limits to what an employer can tell an employee in those evaluations-and even then, negative evaluations can be challenged by the employee．No matter where you sit in the debate over the grade system, then, the real question is this: if it' s so good for kids, why isn't that also true for adults?56、The school report indicates that the writer' s daughterA．lacks interest in her school workB．ranks among the best at languageC．has some trouble with her handwritingD．needs to improve in math and computer skills57、We can learn that the girl' s school tries to deliver the reportA．in a positive wayB．in a scientific wayC．in an attractive wayD．in an enthusiastic way58、Sue Ferguson seems dissatisfied with the grade system for its focus onA．the process of getting the knowledgeB．the capability of memorizing for the testC．the procedure of measuring learningD．the standard of comparing schools59、The writer would agree that cutting children off from competition isA．fit for human developmentB．fit for their age and experienceC．against a key part of human natureD．out of consideration for children60、It can be learned that today's educators supporting the no-grades approach insist that A．kids be allowed to challenge the negative evaluationsB．the traditional teacher-student relationship be changedC．the evaluation system for kids be similar to that for adultsD．strict rules be set up in evaluating school childrenSECTION III Reading Comprehension Part B(40 minutes)61、根据下列材料，请回答61-65题：Directions:Read the texts from a magazine in which five people voice their different opinions in response to an article on the issue of praising．For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each person (61 to 65) to one of the statements ( A to G) given below．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1．Mike :Praise often and sincerely--it' s as simple as that．Employees want to feel needed and appreci-ated．By offering sincere praise with examples about what they did right, you' ll go far in creating an energetic team．Meanwhile, I don't agree with the assertion that "to focus on what needs im-proving isn' t good management．" In fact, it' s the balance of praise along with constructive criti-cism that drives employees to work smarter and reach higher．Frank:This article makes a valid point that needs to be understood, especially for the new generation of workers, my generation．We don' t see ourselves as parts in the machine to be put in the dark to work．My generation needs respect in return from our employer, we need to feel appreciated beyond just a pay check, it' s the difference between being fulfilled at our career and being sad at our job．Joyce :One skill missing in today's workplace is the ability to build effective business relationships．At the core of that relationship is the need for consistent feedback．"How am I doing?" is a ques-tion that should be answered consistently．When you tell an employee once a year what is needed to improve, you have not done your job as a leader--build skills, provide feedback and help the em-ployee grow and develop．Ellen:I don' t see a problem with praising employees when it' s truly deserved ( insincere praise isan entirely different story)．It' s a cost-free "benefit", if you will, in that it allows employees to see that their efforts are both noticed and valued．In the work world there are always people available to tell that you are doing something wrong and far too few occasions when employees are told that they've done something right!Diana:Praise what the employee did．Be specific about why it was helpful．An employee who contin-ually earns your praise also deserves your attention as to how else to reward their behavior．Mean-ingful praise encourages people beyond anything else．Written comments are available for later re-view．They give them confidence that they can "do it again．" I never regretted praising an employ-ee who deserved it but often kicked myself for missing an opportunity．Now match the name of each person (61 to 65) to the appropriate statementNote: there are two extra statements．Statements：[A]Praise combined with criticism is helpful．[B] Praise can bring about many kinds of desired behavior．[C] Employees may feel it hard to accept．insincere praise．[D] Let employees know exactly for what they are praised．[E] In my opinion, we are not generous enough to give praise．[F] Employees need helpful advice on a regular basis．[G] Money alone cannot guarantee a sense of career fulfillment for me．61、Mike62、Frank63、Joyce64、Ellen65、Diana第二部分英语知识运用参考译文我想要什么?这是个非常简单的问题；虽然我们很多人都不能确定。
英语等级考试pets二级真题及答案参考（2）
英语等级考试pets二级真题及答案参考（2）B.nervousC.ashamedD.bored54.A.effortB.senseC.troubleD.money55.A.smartnessB.eagernessC.seriousnessD.kindness第二节语法填空阅读下面对话，在空格处填入适当的单词或空格后括号内单词的正确形式，每空填写一个单词。
请将答案写在答题卡上的相应位置。
Travelling call be a wonderful adventure.Travelling by airplane，however，can be very tiring.The following56(be)some tips to help reduce the discomfort of your next long planetrip.Don’t pack too much.It’S no fun57(carry)a heavy suitcase around everywhere.In—stead，pack only what you know you are going to weal".Choose clothes that can be58(wear)together.For example，take one pair of59(pant)and three matching tops.In your carry—on bag(a small bag that you keep with you on the plane)，pack your tooth—brush，medicines，and any other important60(person)items(物品).AlSo，pack some extra clothes61that you Can survive if your suitcase is62(10se).Try to book a seat on the63(early)flight of the day.Delays ale less likely if your flightis the first one to leave.Take64neck cushion with you on board for a lengthy flight.Aneck cushion reducesstress and tiredness and prevents you65getdng a painful neck after a long flight.第四部分写作第一节改写对话66.阅读下面对话，根据其内容写一篇有关Mary去肯尼亚旅行的短文。
2013年考研英语二真题及标准答案解析
2013考研英语（二）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___ a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been___2___for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself," only to___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so___5___in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work___6___the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very___7___to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the___8___form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they___9___receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days___11___ a check is cashed and funds are___12___from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may___14___security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information___15___there. The fact that this is not an ___16___ occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and___17___from someone else's accounts. The___18___of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to___19___security issues. A further concern is that the use ofelectronic means of payment leaves an electronic___20___that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to ch ange the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money andideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____.[A] immigrate across the Atlantic[B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily[D]find permanent jobs overseas27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ____.[A] needs new immigrant categories[B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges[D] has been fixed via political means28 Accordi ng to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the best title of the passage?[A] come and go: big mistake[B] living and thriving : great risk[C] with or without : great risk[D]legal or illegal: big mistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and i mpatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘thin sliced’ study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way t o equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want not41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily insteadof weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They will let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When Ithink of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memo ry is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before.I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. Don’t write your address.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words2013考研英语（二）答案Section I use of English1．【答案】A（However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
2013年3月国家公共英语(三级)笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年3月国家公共英语（三级）笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. WritingSection I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are TWO parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answe Part ADirections: You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer ―A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.听力原文：M: Good evening. My name is Tom Smith, may I know your name? W: My name is Mary Classon.M: Mary, would you care to dance?W: I’d love to, but I have to be off with something important to do.1．What does the man want to do?A．Learn how to dance.B．Dance with the woman.C．Invite the woman to a party.D．Ask for the woman’ s advice.正确答案：B听力原文：M: We’d better start to eat onion frequently, Linda. W: But you hate onions, don’t you?M: Until I learned from a report from today’s paper that they protect people from flu and colds. After all, compared with health, taste is not so important.2．What do we learn about the man?A．He is health-conscious.B．He is sensitive to taste.C．He often catches colds.D．He likes eating onions.正确答案：A听力原文：W: When do you think that I can go home, Doctor Smith?M: Well, you came in on Monday and today is Friday. I say that you could probably leave tomorrow. But you should stay at home and not go back to work too soon.3．Where is the woman talking with the man?A．At her workplace.B．At her home.C．In a hospital.D．In a hotel.正确答案：C听力原文：M: Laura, I ran into David today.W: Really? Did he say anything about his sister?M: Yes. She should be leaving London very soon because her husband has taken a job in Paris.4．What do we learn about David’ s sister?A．She is living in Paris now.B．She is moving to Paris soon.C．She will leave her husband.D．She will work in Paris soon.正确答案：B听力原文：M: Do you have a driver’ s license?W: No. I am going to take the test in a couple of weeks.M: Didn’t you drive in your own country?W: Yes. But I have to be more skilled.M: And you have to study the traffic rules too.5．What does the woman say to the man?A．She must change her driving habits.B．She must learn the new traffic rules.C．She must renew her driver’ s license.D．She must improve her driving skills.正确答案：D听力原文：M: Let’ s back up. Where was I?W: You were talking about your trip to South Africa. I bet you had a great time. M: Yes, we did. In fact, you know what we encountered. W: A long-last friend? M: Come on! A lion.6．What is the man mainly talking about?A．A long-lost friend.B．Preparations for a trip.C．An extraordinary experience.D．Wild animals in South Africa.正确答案：C听力原文：W: When do you usually go to the bank, John? M: Anytime I have to. Why did you ask?W: You’ d better avoid Friday mornings. I’ m reading an interesting book these days. And it says most robberies happen on Friday mornings.7．What is the woman’ s purpose in speaking to the man?A．To tell him about a bank robbery.B．To recommend a good book to him.C．To give him some advice on safety.D．To ask him to help her with banking.正确答案：C听力原文：W: What do you think of your father?M: Oh, he was the first stable male figure in my life. The best attribute a parent can have is consistency. When he said he would be there at 3 o’clock, he was there. That meant more to me than anything.8．What is the most important quality a parent should have according to the man?A．To be patient.B．To be consistent.C．To be supportive.D．To be considerate.正确答案：B听力原文：M: How do you like your new room, Jane?W: It’ s not big: the rent is high. And I’ m far away from work. But I enjoy myself very much. M: Why? W: I am able to get rid of that annoying roommate at last.9．Why is the woman happy?A．Her present rent is much lower.B．Her room is bigger than before.C．She has got rid of her dull work.D．She has left her former roommate.正确答案：D听力原文：M: Our flight will be delayed by 6 hours. That means it won’t be leaving until 3: 30 in the afternoon. W: What shall we do in the meantime?M: Let’ s find some seats in the quiet part of the terminal to take a nap. W: Good idea. I am pretty tired.10．What are the speakers going to do?A．Change to another flight.B．Take a rest while waiting.C．Take their seats on the flight.D．Complain about the flight delay.正确答案：BPart BDirections: You will hear four dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.听力原文：W: Wow, look at the line. It’ s worse than I expected. We are lucky we got here an hour earlier. Or else we will definitely have had problems getting tickets. I’ m glad we made the effort to come early.M: Me too. I learned my lesson the last time I went to a new film. I didn’ t arrive early enough and ended up with a terrible seat all the way in the front row. Believe me, it was one of the worst movie experiences ever.W: Yeah. I hate sitting in the first row.M: By the way, it was really nice of you to get this ticket for me. Why don’ t I show you a bit of appreciation by getting you a drink?W: That would be great.M: OK. What kind of soda do you want?W: Let me see. I’ll take a large coke. Thanks a lot.M: I’d better get going. You hold my place and I’ll be back really quick. Oh, I almost forget. I’ d better hold on to my ticket in case you get let in before I get back. If that happens, just save me a seat and I’ll meet you inside.W: OK. It’s a plan.11．Why did the speakers go to the cinema early?A．To get ideal seats.B．To buy some drinks.C．To avoid traffic jams.D．To meet some friends.正确答案：A12．Where was the man when he offered to get something to drink?A．At the cinema box office.B．Between the rows of seats.C．In the line to get into the cinema.D．In the lobby when they had a rest.正确答案：C13．What can we learn about the ticket?A．It was for a seat in the front row.B．It could be used by two holders.C．It could be used repeatedly.D．It showed no seat number.正确答案：D听力原文：W: You two are quite different. How did your company put you twotogether as a team? M: At first, they wanted to hear our harmony. We sang to them and they really liked to. So they decided that it would be best to put us together as a group.W: What are some of the distinctive features of your music?M: We have a variety of different songs: we have four different styles: soft rock, slow music, love songs and country music. But we are most at home with soft rock. I really like our voices merged together and I like how it sounds. Actually, there is a song called Studying. Our company really likes the song because it represents our voice.W: What would you like to bring to the audience through your music?M: I’d like to recommend our first song to everyone. The name of the song is Believe. The main idea we want to share is that we want to tell everyone you have to believe in yourself before people can believe in you. Actually we want to bring our music to everyone and make everyone happy. Music is something all around you. You can listen to music and you can feel what the music says.14．Why did the company put the two singers together as a group?A．They are both talented singers.B．They are both popular among fans.C．Their voices make a good match.D．Their appearances make a good match.正确答案：C15．What are the two singers best at?A．Soft rock..B．Slow music.C．Love songs.D．Country music.正确答案：A16．Why does the company like the song “Studying”?A．It displays a different singing style.B．It has some distinguishing features.C．It adapts to audiences’ different tastes.D．It brings out the best of the singers’ voice.正确答案：D17．What is the main idea of the song “Believe” according to the man?A．Make music part of your life.B．Share your happiness with others.C．Trust yourself before others trust you.D．Learn to interpret the power of music.正确答案：C听力原文：W: I don’t think Poppas is right for this position.M: I agree. He’ s got experience as a computer operator but he has very little training in programming. What about Anderson?W: I like him. He seems very enthusiastic and he knows a lot about programming.M: That’ s true. Do you think he is dependable enough, though? He’ s already had two different jobs this year. He might work for a couple of months and then decide to leave.W: I suppose so. But his last supervisor wrote a three-page letter of recommendation. He says Anderson is an excellent programmer.M: He probably is. But we don’t want him to leave after we’ ve spent a lot of time training him. Actually, I think Logan is the best candidate.W: She hasn’t worked since she got married, hasn’t she?M: She’s been taking care of her family. But she is really devoted.W: Oh, yes. The letter from her principal says she did a wonderful job. Do you think she’ll be a good programmer?M: I bet she will. She has an excellent letter of recommendation from her teacher at the institute she attended.W: That’s true.M: And Logan seems more professional. She was well-dressed and seemed to have a very positive attitude about working for us.18．What kind of position is to be offered?A．A teacher.B．A director.C．An operator.D．A programmer.正确答案：D19．What do the two speakers say about Anderson?A．He is dependable.B．He is well-trained.C．He is experienced.D．He is hard-working.正确答案：C20．Why does the man think Logan is the best candidate?A．She is devoted.B．She is intelligent.C．She is considerate.D．She is enthusiastic.正确答案：A21．How many applicants do the speakers mention?A．2.B．3.C．4D．5正确答案：B听力原文：M: Well, what do you think is the reason most people do so badly at reaching goals?W: They lose focus. Everybody’s life is busy. There is so much happening in everybody’ s life. That what happens is they might have a goal and then something will get in the way of that. Maybe their goal is that they want to go on a holiday every year and they put in their leave form with their boss and their boss may ask them to wait for another month and then for another month. That is, so different things get in their way and people don’ t stand up for their goals. They don’t struggle for them. They let other forces push them around a little bit. Also, a lot of people don’t set goals: they think they do. But it’ s either a dream of very loose goal. So when they have to make a decision about a necessary action in their life the goal is so far back in their mind that they don’ t act in its best interest. Also because people will sit down and say “oh, here are my goals”and forget all about them. Revisiting them every week is a good way. They stay at the top of your mind so you can take actions based on them.22．What does the woman say about everybody’ s life?A．It’ s like a road.B．It’ s like a struggle.C．There’s much business.D．There’s much happiness.正确答案：C23．Why do most people fail to reach goals according to the woman?A．They give in to a lot of interruptions.B．They tend to set too ambitious goals.C．They change their goals very often.D．They have too many goals at once.正确答案：A24．What does the woman think of the goals that some people claim to have?A．Serious.B．Sensible.C．Interesting.D．Impractical.正确答案：D25．What does the woman suggest those with goals do?A．Make important decisions about life first.B．Remind oneself of the goals frequently.C．Think of the goal in its best interests.D．Take necessary actions in one’ s life.正确答案：BSection II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.I don’t know what it is about English pubs that I find so disappointing.【C1】______, pubs are supposed to be the Englishman’ s【C2】______meeting place, where he can get together with a few friends【C3】______a glass of beer and talk about football, or horse racing, or business or whatever else【C4】______his thoughts. You notice that the pub is the Englishman’s meeting place, not the Englishwoman ‘s. Even in our liberated times it is still not quite【C5】______for a woman to go into a pub alone: she must have a man to【C6】______and protect her. Perhaps that’ s partly 【C7】______pubs disappoint me—they are【C8】______mainly to provide for male interests, which are often pretty【C9】______. I think this male-dominated atmosphere 【C10】______reminds me of being back at school, or in the army, neither of which is an【C11】______I much want to relive. However, I’m【C12】______in the minority. Most Englishmen have their local, where they can escape from the【C13】______of family life or work, and if they are【C14】______, tell their troubles to a pretty barmaid. 【C15】______, many men dream of retiring from their nine-to-five jobs and【C16】______a little country pub, where they imagine they’ll be the【C17】______of a seven-nights-a-week party. This【C18】______usually dies when they think of having to clean up spilled beer at one o’ clock in the morning. Still, there’s a pub for every type of man, and a man for every type of pub. And I must【C19】______that, for someone who doesn’t like them, I’ve【C20】______a lot of time in pubs of various kinds.26．【C1】A．After allB．In additionC．As a resultD．For example正确答案：A解析：本题考查短语词义辨析。
2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。
第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。
第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的安全隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。
二、试题解析1．【答案】A （However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。
B. moreover 表递进C.therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表对比2．【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。
事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选 D. around 出现。
3．【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。
4．【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中 A. reward 奖励 B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有 D 选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
2013年全国卷Ⅱ英语高考试题文档版(含答案)
绝密★启用前2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标Ⅱ卷)英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试结束，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.答第Ⅰ卷时，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号框。
不能答在试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题:每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。
1．--I'm sorry I made a mistake!-- Nobody is perfect.A. Take your timeB. You're rightC.Whatever you sayD. Take it easy2. Would you like to with us to the film tonight?A. come alongB. come offC. come acrossD. come through3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, I didn't want to spend all day with her.A. butB. andC.soD.or4. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house_ I would be staying.A. whatB. whenC. whereD. which5.I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from PaddingtonA.caughtB. to have caughtC. to catchD. having caught6. Since nobody gave him any help, he have done the research on his own.A. canB. mustC. wouldD. need7. We very early so we packed the night before.A. leaveB. had leftC. were leavingD.have left8. The watch was very good, and he 20 percent down for it.A. a good oneB. a better oneC. the best oneD. a best one10. It was only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.A when B. that C. which D. what11 A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathematics.A. againstB. beforeC. beyondD. without12. Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent properly in this hospital.A. can be the patientsB. can the patients be treatedC. the patients can be treatedD.treated can be the patients13.Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and break for cheese,chocolate andtea with sugar.A.a;aB. the; theC.不填；theD.a;不填14. It's an either-or situation - we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do .A.othersB. eitherC.anotherD. both15. -Are you sure you won't come for a drink with us?- ,if you insistA. Not at allB. It dependsC. All right thenD.I don't care第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后面各题锁哥的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2013年考研英语二真题及答案详解
2013年考研英语二真题及答案详解说明：由于试题一题多卷，因此选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序，请在核对答案时注意题目和选项内容。
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime.13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. B eing average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitionsof legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage wan t___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 选出最适合文章的标题[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we grou nd such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ?60 a week to spend, ?40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ?130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balanceyour diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a littlegreengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350gof shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in thesupermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's notgood enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planningahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do avegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soonyou'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often thannot, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - ?1.75 a week for threemonths gives you ?21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin-starred Arbutus. It's ?16.95 there - or ?12.99 for a large pizza fromDomino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder f or me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I also remember that the musical paly Hamopened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. Don’t write your address.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET .Section I Use of English1.【答案】A(However)【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
2013考研英语二真题及答案解析
2013考研英语二真题及答案解析2013考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alterinformation 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention[C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cott just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two em p loyees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.Da vidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is alsobecause of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are morerapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an averagelifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheapforeign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs tofind their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acce Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know forsure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers tohave more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensuresthat every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for g ood. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We dividenewcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and thelong political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to changthink about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among toda y’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They canmanage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____.[A] immigrate across the Atlantic[B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily[D]find permanent jobs overseas27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ____.[A] needs new immigrant categories[B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges[D] has been fixed via political means28 According to the author, today’s birds of passag e want___[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the best title of the passage?[A] come and go: big mistake[B] living and thriving : great risk[C] with or without : great risk[D]legal or illegal: big mistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we arelikely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time toassess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism oropen-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Ps at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects expos fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housingoptions when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.on reliably only after John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” informati-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assesswe ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” longwhether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; twodays, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘thin sliced’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information-speed trend is____.35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certainproportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations tosign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do. action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” accord result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understa nd Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to m belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is pu upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain theexception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response t o Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater“soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with60 a week to spend, ￡40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago living on benefits.After bills, Tony has ￡130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betfthe was earning ￡restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree,when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it'sstill a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He'sfeeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want not41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop dailyinstead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________ This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They will let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few21 -months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - ￡1.75 a week for three months gives you ￡16.95 there - or ￡12.99 for amore than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's ￡large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful m make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I feltHair opened on thewhen we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical playBroadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .ess.(10 points)2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead.Don’t write your addr48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words1．【答案】A（However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
2013年3月公共英语三级真题及答案解析
2013年3月公共英语三级真题及答案解析(1~5/共10题)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part AYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--[A]、[B]、[C] or [D], and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Play00:00…Volume第1题What does the man want to do?A.Learn how to dance.B.Dance with the woman.C.Invite the woman to a party.D.Ask for the woman´ s advice.第2题What do we learn about the man?A.He is health-conscious.B.He is sensitive to taste.C.He often catches colds.D.He likes eating onions.第3题Where is the woman talking with the man?A.At her workplace.B.At her home.C.In a hospital.D.In a hotel.第4题What do we learn about David´ s sister?A.She is living in Paris now.B.She is moving to Paris soon.C.She will leave her husband.D.She will work in Paris soon.第5题What does the woman say to the man?A.She must change her driving habits.B.She must learn the new traffic rules.C.She must renew her driver´ s license.D.She must improve her driving skills.下一题(6~10/共10题)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part AYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--[A]、[B]、[C] or [D], and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Play00:00…Volume第6题What is the man mainly talking about?A.A long-lost friend.B.Preparations for a trip.C.An extraordinary experience.D.Wild animals in South Africa.第7题What is the woman´ s purpose in speaking to the man?A.To tell him about a bank robbery.B.To recommend a good book to him.C.To give him some advice on safety.D.To ask him to help her with banking.第8题What is the most important quality a parent should have according to the man?A.To be patient.B.To be consistent.C.To be supportive.D.To be considerate.第9题Why is the woman happy?A.Her present rent is much lower.B.Her room is bigger than before.C.She has got rid of her dull work.D.She has left her former roommate.第10题What are the speakers going to do?A.Change to another flight.B.Take a rest while waiting.C.Take their seats on the flight.plain about the flight delay.上一题下一题(11~13/共15题)You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing [A]、[B]、[C] or [D]. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet.Play00:00…Volume第11题Why did the speakers go to the cinema early?A.To get ideal seats.B.To buy some drinks.C.To avoid traffic jams.D.To meet some friends.第12题Where was the man when he offered to get something to drink?A.At the cinema box office.B.Between the rows of seats.C.In the line to get into the cinema.D.In the lobby when they had a rest.第13题What can we learn about the ticket?A.It was for a seat in the front row.B.It could be used by two holders.C.It could be used repeatedly.D.It showed no seat number.上一题下一题(14~17/共15题)You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing [A]、[B]、[C] or [D]. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet.Play00:00…Volume第14题Why did the company put the two singers together as a group?A.They are both talented singers.B.They are both popular among fans.C.Their voices make a good match.D.Their appearances make a good match.第15题What are the two singers best at?A.Soft rock..B.Slow music.C.Love songs.D.Country music.第16题Why does the company like the song "Studying"?A.It displays a different singing style.B.It has some distinguishing features.C.It adapts to audiences´ different tastes.D.It brings out the best of the singers´ voice.第17题What is the main idea of the song "Believe" according to the man?A.Make music part of your life.B.Share your happiness with others.C.Trust yourself before others trust you.D.Learn to interpret the power of music.上一题下一题(18~21/共15题)You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing [A]、[B]、[C] or [D]. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet.Play00:00…Volume第18题What kind of position is to be offered?A.A teacher.B.A director.C.An operator.D.A programmer.第19题What do the two speakers say about Anderson?A.He is dependable.B.He is well-trained.C.He is experienced.D.He is hard-working.第20题Why does the man think Logan is the best candidate?A.She is devoted.B.She is intelligent.C.She is considerate.D.She is enthusiastic.第21题How many applicants do the speakers mention?A.2B.3C.4D.5上一题下一题(22~25/共15题)You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing [A]、[B]、[C] or [D]. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet.Play00:00…Volume第22题What does the woman say about everybody´ s life?A.It´ s like a road.B.It´ s like a struggle.C.There´s much business.D.There´s much happiness.第23题Why do most people fail to reach goals according to the woman?A.They give in to a lot of interruptions.B.They tend to set too ambitious goals.C.They change their goals very often.D.They have too many goals at once.第24题What does the woman think of the goals that some people claim to have?A.Serious.B.Sensible.C.Interesting.D.Impractical.第25题What does the woman suggest those with goals do?A.Make important decisions about life first.B.Remind oneself of the goals frequently.C.Think of the goal in its best interests.D.Take necessary actions in one´ s life.上一题下一题(26~45/共20题)Directions:Read the following text from which 10 words have been removed. Choose from the words A～O the most suitable one to fill each numbered gap in the text (46-55). There are FIVE extra words that you do not need to use.I don´t know what it is about English pubs that I find so disappointing.__26__, pubs are supposed to be the Englishman´ s__27__meeting place, where he can get together with a few friends__28__a glass of beer and talk about football, or horse racing, or business or whatever else__29__his thoughts. You notice that the pub is the Englishman´s meeting place, not the Englishwoman ´ s. Even in our liberated times it is still not quite__30__for a woman to go into a pub alone: she must have a man to__31__and protect her. Perhaps that´s partly__32__pubs disappoint me—they are__33__mainly to provide for male interests, which are often pretty__34__. I think this male-dominated atmosphere__35__reminds me of being back at school, or in the army, neither of which is an__36__I much want to relive.However, I´ m__37__in the minority. Most Englishmen have their local, where they can escape from the__38__of family life or work, and if they are__39__, tell their troubles to a pretty barmaid. __40__, many men dream of retiring from their nine-to-five jobs and__41__a little country pub, where they imagine they’ll be the__42__of a seven-nights-a-week party. This__43__usually dies when they think of having to clean up spilled beer at one o´ clock in the morning.Still, there´s a pub for every type of man, and a man for every type of pub. And I must__44__that, for someone who doesn´t like them, I´ve__45__a lot of time in pubs of various kinds.第26题A.After allB.In additionC.As a resultD.For example第27题A.favoriteB.properC.formalD.exclusive第28题A.byB.overC.uponD.to第29题A.formsB.influencesC.occupiesD.troubles第30题wfulB.meaningfulC.impressiveD.respectable第31题A.accompanyfortC.encourageD.support第32题A.howB.whenC.whereD.whyA.forcedB.enabledC.intendedD.claimed第34题A.narrowB.nobleC.practicalD.personal第35题A.alsoB.henceC.yetD.only第36题A.existenceB.experienceC.interestD.incident第37题A.naturallyB.normallyC.obviouslyD.oddly第38题A.needsB.objectivesC.pressuresD.requirements 第39题A.carefulB.honestC.doubtfulD.lucky第40题A.StillB.IndeedC.ThusD.Nevertheless 第41题A.decoratingB.buyingC.designing第42题A.hostB.memberC.servantD.sponsor第43题A.hobbyB.projectC.habitD.dream第44题A.recognizeB.rememberC.believeD.admit第45题A.foundB.recoveredC.spentD.saved上一题下一题(46~50/共15题)ComprehensionDirections:Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Researchers at UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California found that a 12-minute bedside visit with a dog can help ease anxiety levels by 24 percent in heart failure patients, compared to a 10 percent drop when patients had a visit from a human volunteer, and no drop in patients who had no visit.Results of the 76-patient study were presented last week at the American Heart Association´ s annual Scientific Sessions in Dallas, Texas. The study was funded by the Pet Care Trust Foundation, a non-profit organization which promotes human-animal interaction and bonding. In the stud-y, effects of dog and volunteer visits were compared with those of volunteers only, and with patients who had no visits and remained at rest. Heart pressures were monitored and patients were asked to answer a list of anxiety assessment questions before and after the visits. Although critical pressure measures also decreased, suggesting improved cardiac function, the most marked response was seen in anxiety levels."The first thing you notice is that the patient´ s facial expression changes to a smile and the stress of the world seems to be lifted off their shoulders," study author Kathy Cole said. Feelings of depression and helplessness are common among heart patients, Cole said, and just three nights in a hospital is enough to make some patients feel anxious and unsettled. During the visit, the furry friend is allowed to lie on the bed next to the patient with its head within two feet of he patient´ s. Most patients petted the dog, while others engaged human volunteers in conversation about the dog.Dogs used in the study are specially trained animal-assisted therapy dogs that undergo aseries of trainings, evaluations and certifications to qualify as therapy dogs. Dog breeds varied. Researchers used everything from Bernese mountain dogs to small schnauzers. However, a dog doesn´ t have to be specially trained to have a calming effect on its human counterparts. In fact, the animal doesn´t even have to be a dog in order to help. "As long as the animal has meaning to the patient, or a relationship with the patient, it can help calm the patient,"Cole said.第46题We learn from the text that heart patients benefit most from visits______.A.by a volunteer with a dogB.by a volunteer on his ownC.by a well-trained dog aloneD.by a non-profit organization第47题The study shows that, for heart patients, ______.A.their anxiety is reduced if they stay longer in hospitalB.their contact with animals improves their conditionC.their heart pressure decreases if they remain at restD.their recovery relies on contact with animals第48题According to Cole, the change of patients´ facial expression indicates that______.A.they are happy with the experimentB.they are psychologically comfortedC.their hospitalization may be shortenedD.their heart function is returning to normal第49题Cole believes that dogs are helpful to the patients if______.A.they are limited to certain breedsB.they are specially trained onesC.they have meaning to themD.they stay with them all day第50题This report focuses on______.A.the healing power of animalsB.the treatment of heart diseaseC.the relationship between dogs and humansD.the promotion of human-animal interaction上一题下一题(51~55/共15题)ComprehensionDirections:Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D.In many respects, Katsura Okiyama is a typical Japanese woman in her 20s. She enjoys spending time with her friends and loves Disney. But, less typically, she is a writer. And, quite exceptionally, her medium is a cell phone.In Japan, not only are people reading novels on their cell phones: they´ re also writing novels with them—uploading SMS-length chapters to specialist websites where they are in turn downloaded to the phones of millions of readers. The most popular are printed as books and sellin the hundreds of thousands. In book form, K, Okiyama´ s first cell-phone novel, is 235 pages long. "I think I was writing 20 pages in two hours per day at the most, and it took me almost a month," she says.Although she was used to writing around 100 text messages daily, Okiyama never expected that thumbing her keypad would enable her to become one of the country´ s hot new writers. " I had never written a story," she says. " I never had the idea of how a real novel should be, so that might be why I could do it. ""Cell-phone novels are created and consumed by a generation of young people in Japan that demands to be heard," says John Possman, an entertainment consultant. "It is truly pop culture. It has also become big business, shaking up a publishing industry whose sales have been declining for a decade. "Individual voices are hard to find, however. As dictated by the medium, the language of cellphone novels is simple and peppered with emoticons—signs that represent various attitudes or emotions. Dialogue and description are scarce. Subject matter is always the same. Typically, a heroine loses her first love and then later struggles to find love again."The stories are often told in the first person and lack diversity," agrees Possman. But that hasn´ t been a problem with consumers yet. "Why don´t you write a novel and move me?" read one angry schoolgirl´ s recent online post, in response to a fierce opponent of cell-phone novels. So far, Japan´ s literary establishment hasn´ t come up with an answer.第51题In Japan, cell-phone writers______.A.upload their stories bit by bit to websitesB.pay to have their novels printed as booksC.spend almost one month to finish a novelD.send SMS-length texts to readers´ phones第52题According to Katsura Okiyama, she is able to write because______.A.she has an insight into literatureB.she has training in storytellingC.she is skilled in text messaging .D.she is free from literary rules第53题According to John Possman, the Japanese publishing industry______.A.is pushed forward by the pop cultureB.is strengthened by cell-phone novelsC.has been shrinking for many yearsD.has been creating a generation of young readers第54题We learn from the text that cell-phone novels______.A.feature moving dialoguesB.have different writing stylesck variety in subject matterD.encourage readers to read others第55题It can be inferred that Japan´ s literary establishment can´t______.A.settle the dispute between the two sidespete with cell-phone novelsC.adapt to the new technologiesD.change their writing styles上一题下一题(56~60/共15题)ComprehensionDirections:Read the following two texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Too many people fear failure. Some of us let it keep us from trying new things, telling ourselves we´d be no good at it. Some limit our goals to only what we feel absolutely sure we can accomplish. Others among us try something once and when it doesn´ t work out, we decide that course is not for us.That´ s unfortunate because, according to many top scientists, failure is nothing to fear. Not only is it inevitable, they say, it is even an indispensable ally. "In the research lab," says John Po-lanyi, the Nobel prize-winning chemist," failure is a good thing. If everything you try is very successful, it means you´re playing it safe: you´ re not out on the edge. Failure means that you´ re learning. To ask a scientist whether he has experienced failure is like asking an artist whether he has ever made a sketch. The answer is, ´a million times. ´ That is the price of success. "Failure is not the opposite of success. It´ s more like an ingredient. In Hollywood, thousands of ideas for new TV shows are pitched each year, but only a select few get to the screen, let alone survive their first season. In real life, misses outnumber hits whenever people try something new.Nina Spencer, a motivational speaker and author of Getting Passion out of Your Profession, likes to remind audiences that whenever we try a new skill, we go through four stages. "There´ s the point when you don´ t know about the skill, and because you don´ t know about it, you´ re no good at it. Eventually, you come to know about the skill, but you´ re incompetent to perform it. Then , as long as you think carefully and go slowly, you can do it. Eventually, it becomes so practiced, it´ s easy. " The secret is not to give up at stage two.In short, the seeds of success almost always flourish best in the well-turned soil of failure. As Charles Kettering, inventor of the modern electric ignition system for cars and the holder of nearly 200 patents, once said, " failures, repeated failures, are finger-posts on the road to achievements— one fails forward towards success. "第56题According to John Polany, a seemingly all-time successful person may in fact______.A.be very adventurousB.be very competitiveC.be very sensitiveD.be very cautious第57题The Hollywood example is used to show that to succeed you should______.A.avoid mistakesB.live with failuresC.avoid competitionD.live with new ideas第58题When it comes to trying new things, people should know it is natural that______.A.success results from trial and errorB.they might miss something importantC.success requires safety guaranteesD.they will hit more than they miss第59题According to Nina Spencer, the key to acquiring a new skill lies in______.A.practiceB.persistencepetenceD.performance第60题The writer of the text wants to tell people not to______.A.be frightened by failureB.repeat the same failureC.underestimate failureD.be misled by failure上一题下一题(61~65/共5题)ComprehensionDirections:Read the texts from a magazine article in which five people talk about tipping in a restaurant. For questions 36-40, match the name of each person to one of the statements (A-G) given below. Charles Swecker:Thank you for getting it right in your articles on how to make a better student. As an educator, I´m sure I speak for others in saying parents who encourage learning at home ultimately have kids who perform at a higher level in class. School systems have been trying to get that message out for years. Imagine, excellent teachers working with students who have a drive and desire to learn. What a perfect world!Sandy Simonson:The students you pictured have positive attitudes: they expect to work hard on their own. Consequently, the effort they put in produces positive results. But my sons are different. They see their parents read. They were read to at home. We´ve encouraged and praised the genuine efforts they´ ve made. But the bottom line for my sons is that until something fires them up from within, they are content to do as little work as possible.Bridget Boyle:Parents should do these things to make their child a better student: turn off the television. Fill every room with books. Play, read, travel, and then read some more with your kids. If reading becomes the primary form of entertainment in the home, youngsters will turn to books. It was my pleasure to catch them reading on their own. Killing our television was the best thing we ever did.Deborah Curtin:Your report provided a glimpse into the life of young geniuses, but nobody made these kids better students. Each one can obviously grasp any task. Each could have been left in a box with a book and would have ended up self-taught. You did, however, confirm my belief that most teachers are only capable of communicating information to ready-made A students. Of course,there are a few good teachers, but they cannot overcome the defective system we have.Alan Holmari:I don´t think that the success of students really depends on marks. I just finished writing my second average-length stage play, which is going to be produced at my high school. And I´ m also playing a part in Hamlet. Despite all these really great things, my marks in school are really bad. I pay more attention to my hobbies than to school, and it´ s actually getting me somewhere. So marks aren´ t everything.Statements[A]Grades cannot fully reflect the whole picture of a student.[B]Try your best to make your children habitual readers.[C]Tolerant parents are sure to shape successful children.[D]Parents´ encouragement helps to improve children´ s performance at school.[E]Schooling is very different from educating.[F]Good students are actually not made but born.[G]Students cannot become better at school unless they are self-driven.第61题Charles Swecker________第62题Sandy Simonson ________第63题Bridget Boyle ______第64题Deborah Curtin ______第65题Alan Holman ______上一题下一题(1/1)WritingDirections:You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on your ANSWER SHEET.Part A第66题You have read the following notice about a lost handbag. As you have lost your bag, you want to contact the Lost and Found office to know if the bag is yours.Lost and FoundFound: handbag on April 12th at Spring Hill Park.Contact us at L & Fpark@ yahoo, com to identify and claim.Write an email to the Lost and Found office, telling about:1)when and where you lost your bag:2)what your bag is like and what is in it.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your email. Use "Wang Lin" instead. _________________上一题下一题(1/1)WritingDirections:Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize thekey points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use your own words.第67题Below is a table showing the percentages of people in a big city going to work in different ways in 2007 and 2011. Look at the table closely and write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points:1)the difference between the two years in the ways of people going to work:2)the possible reasons for the difference.图片____________上一题交卷交卷答题卡答案及解析(1~5/共10题)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part AYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer--[A]、[B]、[C] or [D], and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.Play00:00…Volume第1题What does the man want to do?A.Learn how to dance.B.Dance with the woman.C.Invite the woman to a party.D.Ask for the woman´ s advice.参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]M: Good evening. My name is Tom Smith, may I know your name? W: My name is Mary Classon.M: Mary, would you care to dance?W: I´d love to, but I have to be off with something important to do.第2题What do we learn about the man?A.He is health-conscious.B.He is sensitive to taste.C.He often catches colds.D.He likes eating onions.参考答案： A 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]M: We´d better start to eat onion frequently, Linda.W: But you hate onions, don´t you?M: Until I learned from a report from today´ s paper that they protect people from flu and colds. After all, compared with health, taste is not so important.第3题Where is the woman talking with the man?A.At her workplace.B.At her home.C.In a hospital.D.In a hotel.参考答案： C 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]W: When do you think that I can go home, Doctor Smith?M: Well, you came in on Monday and today is Friday. I say that you could probably leave tomorrow. But you should stay at home and not go back to work too soon.第4题What do we learn about David´ s sister?A.She is living in Paris now.B.She is moving to Paris soon.C.She will leave her husband.D.She will work in Paris soon.参考答案： B 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]M: Laura, I ran into David today.W: Really? Did he say anything about his sister?M: Yes. She should be leaving London very soon because her husband has taken a job in Paris.第5题What does the woman say to the man?A.She must change her driving habits.B.She must learn the new traffic rules.C.She must renew her driver´ s license.D.She must improve her driving skills.参考答案： D 您的答案：未作答答案解析：[听力原文]M: Do you have a driver´s license?W: No. I am going to take the test in a couple of weeks.M: Didn´t you drive in your own country?W: Yes. But I have to be more skilled.M: And you have to study the traffic rules too.下一题(6~10/共10题)Listening ComprehensionDirections: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET 1.If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part AYou will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is。
2013年考研英语二真题与答案解析
2013考研英语〔二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word<s> for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. <10 points>Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___ a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been___2___for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself," only to___4___itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so___5___in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work___6___the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very___7___to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the___8___form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they___9___receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days___11___ a check is cashed and funds are___12___from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may___14___security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information___15___there. The fact that this is not an ___16___ occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and___17___from someone else's accounts. The___18___of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to___19___security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic___20___that contains a large amount of personaldata. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. <40 points>Text 1In an essay entitled "Making It in America", the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: Theaverage mill only two employees today," a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines."Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job,could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes," In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, "uccelli di passaggio," birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right orwrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 "Birds of passage" refers to those who____.[A] immigrate across the Atlantic[B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily[D]find permanent jobs overseas27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ____.[A] needs new immigrant categories[B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges[D]has been fixed via political means28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the best title of the passage?[A] come and go: big mistake[B] living and thriving : great risk[C] with or without : great risk[D]legal or illegal: big mistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face <one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling>, we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly "thin slice" information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in "thick sliced" long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘thin sliced’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversin g the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management d ecisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards. The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?"Personally, I don’t like quot as," Reding said recently. "But i like what the quotas do." Quotas get action: they "open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling," according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much "soft pressure " is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater"soft pressure"Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph <41-45>.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. <10 points>The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation andconfidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want not41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They will let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starredArbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. <15 points>I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make m y emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1> inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2> Don’t use your own name, use "Li Ming" instead. Don’t write your address.<10 points>48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1>interpret the chart and2>give your commentsYou should write about 150 words2013考研英语〔二答案Section I use of English1．[答案]A〔However[解析]空前作者讲到"鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付."而空后说"真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来"这两句话语义是转折的,因此答案A. B. moreover表递进C. therefore 表结果D. Otherwise表对比2．[答案]D 〔around[解析]由空格所在句的"but" 得知,句子前后是转折关系.事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现.A. off 停止B. back 返回C. over 结束,与后文均不构成转折,故答案选D. around出现.3．[答案]B 〔concept[解析]空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将"彻底改变货币本身的____"将四个选项带入,能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念〔定义,而A"力量",C"历史",D"角色",语义都不恰当,并且如果选择role的话,应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个,故答案选B.4．[答案]D 〔reverse[解析]空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize 〔变革意思上应该是同义替换的,要选择含有变革,彻底改变意思的词汇,四个选项中A. reward 奖励B. 抵抗C. resume 重新开始,继续,都不合适,只有D选项reverse"颠覆"最为贴切,本句译为"电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身."5．[答案]C 〔slow[解析]根据前面的句意得知,早在1975年就预测了无现金社会将到来,而实际上作者讲到"真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来",因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程,故答案选择C. A. silent沉寂的,B. sudden突然的,D. steady稳定不变的.6．[答案]B 〔against[解析]上一段末句提出本段的论点,即人们进入无现金时代的速度缓慢的原因.因此本段应围绕纸币系统不会消失来阐述.而且由句首的Although得知,空格所在句与前一句是转折关系.尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效,然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统"不会"消失的原因,故答案选B,work against妨碍,对…产生消极影响.A. work for 为…而工作C. work with 与…共事,对…起作用D. work on 从事…工作,对…起作用,都不合适.7．[答案]B 〔expensive[解析]本句陈述的原因都是关于上句提到的传统支付方式的优点,即推广电子支付方式不利之处.所以根据这个基调,得出选项productive不对,最后根据空后的内容推理出消极意思的选项expensive,其他选项意思放到空格处不合理,imaginative,意思是"虚构的、富于想象力的"；sensitive,意思是"敏感的、容易受伤的".故本题正确答案为B.8．[答案]D〔dominant[解析]空格所在句译为...使得电子货币成为____支付方式,将四个选项带入,C, D是比较恰当的,再结合本文章的主旨,应该选择"占主导地位的,支配地位"这层意思的D选项.A. similar 相似的B. original原始的,独创的,都不合适.9．[答案]B 〔provide[解析] 纸质支票支付能够____收据,这是和电子支付相比的一大优势,A. collect 收集收据,C. copy 复印收据,D. print打印收据都和实际生活不符合.应该是B. provide提供收据. 10．[答案]A 〔give up[解析]该动词短语的宾语是前文的something, 指代上文的advantage,纸质支票支付能够提供收据这一优势,肯定是消费者不愿放弃的.和优势相搭配的动词短语不能是B. take over接管,也不能是C. bring back拿回来,D. pass down传递、遗传也不符合.A. give up放弃一种优势,符合语境,为正确答案.11. [答案]A 〔before[解析]这里考查的是时间连词的应用.句子意思是"在支票兑换成现金之前要花上好几天",符合句意的只有before,其它三项都不符合.12. [答案]D 〔withdrawn[解析]这里考查动词辨义.原文句子意思是"资金是从发卡机构的账户里提取的",withdraw有"提款、取款"的意思,这里是指纸币从银行账户中"被取出"故为正确答案.13. [答案]C 〔Because[解析]这里考查的是连词的应用.从原文可以看出空后的两个句子在意思上存在着因果关系,"因为电子支付是即付的,所以消除了客户的付款".四个选项中只有C because可以表因果,其他三项均不能表因果.故答案为C.14. [答案]C〔raise[解析] 这里考查的是动词辨析以及上下文语义衔接.[A] hide "隐藏,隐瞒",[B] express "表达,表示",[C] raise "举起,提高,引发",[D] ease "减轻,缓和",四个选项中能和concerns 构成搭配的只有raise,故正确答案为[C].15．[答案]C.<stored>[解析]这句讲了an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information__________ there. "一些黑客入侵电脑数据库并且更改_____信息"根据空前信息可知是入侵电脑数据库,所以information 是被储存在电脑数据库中的信息. 16．[答案]C.<uncommon>[解析]此题考查一致性.空格所在句"The fact that this is not an__16_occurrence means that…"中this指代上文中that从句的内容,即黑客能够获取电脑数据库和更改储存的信息.因此not an_16_occurrence应该能体现这一行为的特征,而上文提到"We often hear media r eports that…",其中的often正是对这一行为的特征解释,即not an__occurrence等于often 的含义,对比选项,只有C选项uncommon符合,带入后意为"经常发生的事情".17．[答案]A <steal>[解析]本题缺少谓语动词,通过语法结构可以看出,主语是dishonest persons,并通过后面的其他人的帐户,可以推定为答案是负向的,只有A steal符合题意,语义上也说得通,故为正确答案. 18．[答案]B.<prevention>[解析]文章最后一段首句谈论电子付费方式的又一个缺陷：会引起安全和隐私问题.接下来就开始解释这个现象.空格所在句提到"对这种欺诈的_18__绝非易事,而且一个新的电脑科学领域正在形成来_19__安全问题."因此,本句在谈论对问题的解决应对.18空格与19空格所填内容语意上应该是一致的.浏览选项,18空只能选prevention,即防止这种欺诈行为发生并非易事,而C选项manipulation是"操纵"的意思,D选项justification意为"解释,证明……合理",均不合理.19．[答案]A.<cope with>[解析]此空格解释同18空格,应选有"处理,解决"意思的选项,只有A选项cope with合适.B选项fight against意为"对抗,抵制",而宾语是security issues,因此不符合.20．[答案]D.<trail>[解析]此空所在句提出了使用电子付费方式的又一个担心,即会留下__20_,空格后的定语从句解释了空格内容,即它包含大量个人数据.浏览选项,只有trail符合,意为"痕迹".B碎片从语义上均说不通,C路径有一定的干扰性,但相比较D而言,痕迹更为合适,故为正确答案Section II Reading comprehension：Part A21.[答案]Athe impact of technological advances[解析] 细节理解题.第一段第二行指出笑话是关于纺织厂自动化程度的,后一句具体说明了笑话的内容：工厂平均每天只有两个人,一人一狗.人的工作是喂狗,狗的工作是看机器,暗示了工厂所有的生产工作都是由机器自动完成的.故这个笑话是用来说明技术进步的影响.22.[答案]Dcontribute something unique[解析] 事实细节题,通过题干"根据第3段,要想成为一个成功的雇员,一个人得……", 我们可以定位到文章第三段Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.意为：因此,人人都需要有另外的价值,异于常人的独特价值能够让他们在各自的雇佣市场上脱颖而出.,我们可以得出,题干中"to be a successful employee"与第三段的最后一句话中的"that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment"是同义替换,"everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution"与D选项中的"contribute something unique"是同义替换,所以D选项正确.23. [答案]Bjob opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[解析]细节理解题.根据题干定位到第四段,第一句technology has been eating jobs<技术使工作机会减少>也反映了该段的主旨.而根据题干quotation一词,我们读到引号里有"shed workers <解雇工人>"、"roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared可推断出B选项.24. [答案]Bto ensure more education for people[解析]细节理解题.根据题干reduce unemployment减少失业,可以定位到文章中最后一段,这段出现了与之类似的表达"support employment" 促进就业,而题干表述"the most important"与文章"nothing would be more important than"相对应,指出促进就业最重要的是颁布类似于"G.I.Bill"的法案来保障人们接受高等教育的权利,选项C与之吻合,故正确.A项加速信息技术产业变革,C项促进经济全球化,均未提及,故排除.D项是干扰项,虽提及要颁布更多法案,但颁布法案的目的实际是为了保障教育,故也排除.25.[答案]CAverage Is Over[解析]主旨大意题,主要考查考生根据文章内容凝练主旨大意的能力.从整个文章的脉络来看,第一段以亚当•大卫森一篇论文中关于现代工厂自动化与仅需要一人一狗两个员工的一则笑话,揭示了科技进步给人们带来的影响.第二、三段是科技的进步引起工厂自动化水平提高,普通员工如果没有竞争力和突出优势,就很容易失去工作,因此也对员工提出了更高的要求<extra-unique value contribution>.第四段就是员工只有不断地提高自己的教育水平,才能让自己脱颖而出.最后一段点明主题,average is officially over.由此可见,全文一直在围绕这一宏观主线展开,这一主线也统领全文,所以正确答案为C.26.[答案]C stay in a foreign temporarily[解析]词义猜测题.根据题干,首先定位到首段birds of passage是前面一句中的1/4的意大利移民的昵称,他们只在美国居住了一段时间,但最终还是返回意大利.A项的内容在首段首句有提及,但是它突出强调的是横跨大西洋的移民,这也是一世纪前的情况,而如今birds of passage可能来自世界各个角落,并非局限于大西洋两岸.B项与段意不符,D项文中未提及.27.[答案]C should be adopted to meet challenges[解析]推理判断题.根据题干可定位到第二段.解题关键可定位到"…, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond stick definitions of legal and illegal.…We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges."意为"我们需要改变的是关于分类的思考方式,突破合法和非法的严格限制.首先承认短暂移民者的存在,然后解决移民问题面临的挑战." C项高度总结了以上几点.A项与原文意思不符.B、D项在文中未提及.28.[答案]D the freedom to stay and leave[解析]事实细节题.根据题干,可定位到第三段.解题关键在于对"They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them .They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another."的理解.意为"他们跟着机会走,来去自如.他们可以在一个地方立业,在另一个地方成家".强调的是工作机会,而不在乎工作地点.D项是句意的高度概括.A项是对原文的片面理解,。
2013英语2最终标准答案及解析
英语2最终标准答案及解析Section I Use of English1.【答案】A（However）【解析】空前整理講到“鑒於電子貨幣的優勢,你也許會認為,我們將快速步入非現金社會,實現完全電子支付。
”而空后說“真正的無現金社會很可能不會馬上到來”這兩句話語義是轉折的，因此答案A。
B. moreover表遞進C. therefore 表結果D. Otherwise表對比2.【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是轉折關系。
事實上,這樣的預測已經二十年了,但迄今還沒有實現。
A. off 停止B. back 返回 C. over 結束，與后文均不構成轉折，故答案選D. around出現。
3.【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思為例如, 1975年《商業周刊》預測電子支付手段不久將“徹底改變貨幣本身的____”將四個選項帶入，能夠徹底改變的對象隻能是金錢的概念（定義），而A“力量”,C“歷史”,D“角色”，語義都不恰當，並且如果選擇role的話，應該是復數roles, 因為是金錢的作用不止一個，故答案選B。
4.【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的動詞跟前面的動詞revolutionize （變革）意思上應該是同義替換的，要選擇含有變革，徹底改變意思的詞匯，四個選項中A. reward 獎勵B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新開始，繼續，都不合適，隻有D選項reverse“顛覆”最為貼切，本句譯為“電子支付方式不久將改變貨幣的定義,並將在數年后顛覆貨幣本身。
”5.【答案】C （slow）【解析】根據前面的句意得知，早在1975年就預測了無現金社會將到來，而實際上整理講到“真正的無現金社會很可能不會馬上到來”，因此也得出這種變革是一個緩慢的過程，故答案選擇C。
A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady穩定不變的。
2013年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very3of money itself,” only to 4itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming?Although e money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very7to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float”—it takes several days11a check is cashed and funds are12from the issuer s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may14security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there.The fact that this is not an16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else s accounts. The18of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. ［A］However［C］Therefore ［D］Otherwise2. ［A］off［B］back［C］over［D］around3. ［A］power ［B］concept ［C］history［D］role4. ［A］reward ［B］resist［C］resume［D］reverse5. ［A］silent ［B］sudden［C］slow［D］steady6. ［A］for［B］against［C］with［D］on7. ［A］imaginative ［B］expensive［D］productive8. ［A］similar ［B］original ［C］temporary ［D］dominant9. ［A］collect ［B］provide ［C］copy ［D］print10. ［A］give up ［B］take over ［C］bring back ［D］pass down11. ［A］before ［B］after［C］since ［D］when12. ［A］kept ［B］borrowed ［C］released ［D］withdrawn13. ［A］Unless ［B］Until ［C］Because［D］Though14. ［A］hide［B］express［C］raise［D］ease15. ［A］analyzed ［B］shared［C］stored［D］displayed16. ［A］unsafe ［B］unnatural［C］uncommon ［D］unclear17. ［A］steal［B］choose［C］benefit［D］return18. ［A］consideration ［B］prevention ［C］manipulation ［D］justification19. ［A］cope with ［B］fight against ［C］adapt to［D］call for20. ［A］chunk［B］chip［C］path［D］trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（40 points）Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Da vidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the ma chines.”Davidson s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won t earn you what it used to. It can t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in 2009, ［U.S.］factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of everythree manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”There will always be changed—new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate.［A］the impact of technological advances［B］the alleviation of job pressure［C］the shrinkage of textile mills［D］the decline of middle class incomes22.According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to.［A］work on cheap software［B］ask for a moderate salary［C］adopt an average lifestyle［D］contribute something unique23.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that.［A］gains of technology have been erased［B］job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed［C］factories are making much less money than before［D］new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is.［A］to accelerate the I.T. revolution［B］to ensure more education for people［C］to advance economic globalization［D］to pass more bills in the 21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?［A］New Law Takes Effect［B］Technology Goes Cheap［C］Average Is Over［D］Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health care aides and physicists are among today s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means openingup the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26.“Birds of passage” refers to those who.［A］immigrate across the Atlantic［B］leave their home countries for good［C］stay in a foreign country temporarily［D］find permanent jobs overseas27.It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the U.S..［A］needs new immigrant categories［B］has loosened control over immigrants［C］should be adapted to meet challenges［D］has been fixed via political means28.According to the author, today s birds of passage want.［A］financial incentives［B］ a global recognition［C］opportunities to get regular jobs［D］the freedom to stay and leave29.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated.［A］as faithful partners［B］with economic favors［C］with legal tolerance［D］as mighty rivals30.Which is the best title for the passage?［A］Come and Go: Big Mistake［B］Living and Thriving: Great Risk［C］Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake［D］With or Without: Great RiskText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we re doing. Subjects exposed to fast food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” in formation reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dog can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technologymight change the way we react, it hasn t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may.［A］vary according to the urgency of the situation［B］prove the complexity of our brain reaction［C］depend on the importance of the assessment［D］predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32.Our reaction to a fast food logo shows that snap decisions.［A］can be associative［B］are not unconscious［C］can be dangerous［D］are not impulsive33.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should.［A］trust our first impression［B］do as people usually do［C］think before we act［D］ask for expert advice34.John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on.［A］critical assessment［B］“thin sliced” study［C］sensible explanation［D］adequate information35.The author s attitude toward reversing the high speed trend is.［A］tolerant［B］uncertain［C］optimistic［D］doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe s top corporate governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding s reluctance—and her frustration. I don t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break thr ough to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Shery Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36.In the European corporate workplace, generally.［A］women take the lead［B］men have the final say［C］corporate governance is overwhelmed［D］senior management is family friendly37.The European Union s intended legislation is.［A］ a reflection of gender balance［B］ a reluctant choice［C］ a response to Reding s call［D］ a voluntary action38.According to Reding, quotas may help women.［A］get top business positions［B］see through the glass ceiling［C］balance work and family［D］anticipate legal results39.The author s attitude toward Reding s appeal is one of.［A］skepticism［B］objectiveness［C］indifference［D］approval40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of. ［A］more social justice［B］massive media attention［C］suitable public policies［D］greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A G for each numbered paragraph (41 45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）［A］Live like a peasant［B］Balance your diet［C］Shopkeepers are your friends［D］Remember to treat yourself［E］Stick to what you need［F］Planning is everything［G］Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ￡60 a week to spend, ￡40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ￡130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London s best restaurants at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious.“Th e community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I d lost. But it s still a day by day thing.”Now he s living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He s feeling positive, but he ll carry on blogging—not about eating as cheaply as you can—“there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food”—but eating well on a budget. Here s his advice for economical foodies.41.Impulsive spending isn t an option, so plan your week s menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it s not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It s also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being human, you ll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42.This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there s not thesame embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you ll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre packed in the supermarket chiller.43.You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that s not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you ll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to “go off”will be cooked or juiced.44.Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you ll feel comfortable asking if they ve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they ll let you have for free.45.You won t be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—￡1.75 a week for three months gives you ￡21—more than enough for a three course lunch at Michelin starred Arbutus. It s ￡16.95 there—or ￡12.99 for a large pizza from Domino s: I know which I d rather eat.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.（15 points）I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I ve been able to do this, since I was 4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does—try to put it to one side. I don t think it s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the daybefore. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day—they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. U se “Li Ming” instead. Don t write your address.（10 points）Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words.（15 points）某高校学生兼职情况【2013年试题超精解】1.［答案］［A］［考点］上下文逻辑关系［解析］此类考题形式表明本题考查上下文之间存在的逻辑关系，理解上下文并破解其逻辑关系是解题的关键。
2013年3月PETS2真题及答案
2013年3月公共英语二级考试(pets2)笔试真题卷总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：120分听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
(1) Who joined the company recently?[A] Some designers.[B] An art director.[C] Some photographers.(2)What does the woman mean?[A]She knows the manager.[B]She just moved in here.[C]She is a visitor.(3)What did the woman do last weekend?[A]She took a walk.[B]She went boating.[C]She stayed at home.(4)Where is National City Bank?[A] On Elm Street.[B]On Oak Street.[C]On Poplar Street.(5)What will Lisa do after work?[A]Pick up her friends.[B]Go for a drink with her friends.[C]Meet her friends at a repair shop.听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.What does the man think of the French restaurant?[A]It’s too far away.[B]The price is too high.[C] The menu is too old.7.Why does the man want to eat in?[A]He’s tired of eating out.[B] He’s goo d at cooking.[C]He’s in bad mood.听下面一段材料，回答第8至10题。
2013年3月国家公共英语(三级)笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年3月国家公共英语（三级）笔试真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Use of English 3. Reading Comprehension 4. WritingSection I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are TWO parts in this section, Part A and Part B.Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answe Part ADirections: You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer ―A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE.听力原文：M: Good evening. My name is Tom Smith, may I know your name? W: My name is Mary Classon.M: Mary, would you care to dance?W: I’d love to, but I have to be off with something important to do.1．What does the man want to do?A．Learn how to dance.B．Dance with the woman.C．Invite the woman to a party.D．Ask for the woman’ s advice.正确答案：B听力原文：M: We’d better start to eat onion frequently, Linda. W: But you hate onions, don’t you?M: Until I learned from a report from today’s paper that they protect people from flu and colds. After all, compared with health, taste is not so important.2．What do we learn about the man?A．He is health-conscious.B．He is sensitive to taste.C．He often catches colds.D．He likes eating onions.正确答案：A听力原文：W: When do you think that I can go home, Doctor Smith?M: Well, you came in on Monday and today is Friday. I say that you could probably leave tomorrow. But you should stay at home and not go back to work too soon.3．Where is the woman talking with the man?A．At her workplace.B．At her home.C．In a hospital.D．In a hotel.正确答案：C听力原文：M: Laura, I ran into David today.W: Really? Did he say anything about his sister?M: Yes. She should be leaving London very soon because her husband has taken a job in Paris.4．What do we learn about David’ s sister?A．She is living in Paris now.B．She is moving to Paris soon.C．She will leave her husband.D．She will work in Paris soon.正确答案：B听力原文：M: Do you have a driver’ s license?W: No. I am going to take the test in a couple of weeks.M: Didn’t you drive in your own country?W: Yes. But I have to be more skilled.M: And you have to study the traffic rules too.5．What does the woman say to the man?A．She must change her driving habits.B．She must learn the new traffic rules.C．She must renew her driver’ s license.D．She must improve her driving skills.正确答案：D听力原文：M: Let’ s back up. Where was I?W: You were talking about your trip to South Africa. I bet you had a great time. M: Yes, we did. In fact, you know what we encountered. W: A long-last friend? M: Come on! A lion.6．What is the man mainly talking about?A．A long-lost friend.B．Preparations for a trip.C．An extraordinary experience.D．Wild animals in South Africa.正确答案：C听力原文：W: When do you usually go to the bank, John? M: Anytime I have to. Why did you ask?W: You’ d better avoid Friday mornings. I’ m reading an interesting book these days. And it says most robberies happen on Friday mornings.7．What is the woman’ s purpose in speaking to the man?A．To tell him about a bank robbery.B．To recommend a good book to him.C．To give him some advice on safety.D．To ask him to help her with banking.正确答案：C听力原文：W: What do you think of your father?M: Oh, he was the first stable male figure in my life. The best attribute a parent can have is consistency. When he said he would be there at 3 o’clock, he was there. That meant more to me than anything.8．What is the most important quality a parent should have according to the man?A．To be patient.B．To be consistent.C．To be supportive.D．To be considerate.正确答案：B听力原文：M: How do you like your new room, Jane?W: It’ s not big: the rent is high. And I’ m far away from work. But I enjoy myself very much. M: Why? W: I am able to get rid of that annoying roommate at last.9．Why is the woman happy?A．Her present rent is much lower.B．Her room is bigger than before.C．She has got rid of her dull work.D．She has left her former roommate.正确答案：D听力原文：M: Our flight will be delayed by 6 hours. That means it won’t be leaving until 3: 30 in the afternoon. W: What shall we do in the meantime?M: Let’ s find some seats in the quiet part of the terminal to take a nap. W: Good idea. I am pretty tired.10．What are the speakers going to do?A．Change to another flight.B．Take a rest while waiting.C．Take their seats on the flight.D．Complain about the flight delay.正确答案：BPart BDirections: You will hear four dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.听力原文：W: Wow, look at the line. It’ s worse than I expected. We are lucky we got here an hour earlier. Or else we will definitely have had problems getting tickets. I’ m glad we made the effort to come early.M: Me too. I learned my lesson the last time I went to a new film. I didn’ t arrive early enough and ended up with a terrible seat all the way in the front row. Believe me, it was one of the worst movie experiences ever.W: Yeah. I hate sitting in the first row.M: By the way, it was really nice of you to get this ticket for me. Why don’ t I show you a bit of appreciation by getting you a drink?W: That would be great.M: OK. What kind of soda do you want?W: Let me see. I’ll take a large coke. Thanks a lot.M: I’d better get going. You hold my place and I’ll be back really quick. Oh, I almost forget. I’ d better hold on to my ticket in case you get let in before I get back. If that happens, just save me a seat and I’ll meet you inside.W: OK. It’s a plan.11．Why did the speakers go to the cinema early?A．To get ideal seats.B．To buy some drinks.C．To avoid traffic jams.D．To meet some friends.正确答案：A12．Where was the man when he offered to get something to drink?A．At the cinema box office.B．Between the rows of seats.C．In the line to get into the cinema.D．In the lobby when they had a rest.正确答案：C13．What can we learn about the ticket?A．It was for a seat in the front row.B．It could be used by two holders.C．It could be used repeatedly.D．It showed no seat number.正确答案：D听力原文：W: You two are quite different. How did your company put you twotogether as a team? M: At first, they wanted to hear our harmony. We sang to them and they really liked to. So they decided that it would be best to put us together as a group.W: What are some of the distinctive features of your music?M: We have a variety of different songs: we have four different styles: soft rock, slow music, love songs and country music. But we are most at home with soft rock. I really like our voices merged together and I like how it sounds. Actually, there is a song called Studying. Our company really likes the song because it represents our voice.W: What would you like to bring to the audience through your music?M: I’d like to recommend our first song to everyone. The name of the song is Believe. The main idea we want to share is that we want to tell everyone you have to believe in yourself before people can believe in you. Actually we want to bring our music to everyone and make everyone happy. Music is something all around you. You can listen to music and you can feel what the music says.14．Why did the company put the two singers together as a group?A．They are both talented singers.B．They are both popular among fans.C．Their voices make a good match.D．Their appearances make a good match.正确答案：C15．What are the two singers best at?A．Soft rock..B．Slow music.C．Love songs.D．Country music.正确答案：A16．Why does the company like the song “Studying”?A．It displays a different singing style.B．It has some distinguishing features.C．It adapts to audiences’ different tastes.D．It brings out the best of the singers’ voice.正确答案：D17．What is the main idea of the song “Believe” according to the man?A．Make music part of your life.B．Share your happiness with others.C．Trust yourself before others trust you.D．Learn to interpret the power of music.正确答案：C听力原文：W: I don’t think Poppas is right for this position.M: I agree. He’ s got experience as a computer operator but he has very little training in programming. What about Anderson?W: I like him. He seems very enthusiastic and he knows a lot about programming.M: That’ s true. Do you think he is dependable enough, though? He’ s already had two different jobs this year. He might work for a couple of months and then decide to leave.W: I suppose so. But his last supervisor wrote a three-page letter of recommendation. He says Anderson is an excellent programmer.M: He probably is. But we don’t want him to leave after we’ ve spent a lot of time training him. Actually, I think Logan is the best candidate.W: She hasn’t worked since she got married, hasn’t she?M: She’s been taking care of her family. But she is really devoted.W: Oh, yes. The letter from her principal says she did a wonderful job. Do you think she’ll be a good programmer?M: I bet she will. She has an excellent letter of recommendation from her teacher at the institute she attended.W: That’s true.M: And Logan seems more professional. She was well-dressed and seemed to have a very positive attitude about working for us.18．What kind of position is to be offered?A．A teacher.B．A director.C．An operator.D．A programmer.正确答案：D19．What do the two speakers say about Anderson?A．He is dependable.B．He is well-trained.C．He is experienced.D．He is hard-working.正确答案：C20．Why does the man think Logan is the best candidate?A．She is devoted.B．She is intelligent.C．She is considerate.D．She is enthusiastic.正确答案：A21．How many applicants do the speakers mention?A．2.B．3.C．4D．5正确答案：B听力原文：M: Well, what do you think is the reason most people do so badly at reaching goals?W: They lose focus. Everybody’s life is busy. There is so much happening in everybody’ s life. That what happens is they might have a goal and then something will get in the way of that. Maybe their goal is that they want to go on a holiday every year and they put in their leave form with their boss and their boss may ask them to wait for another month and then for another month. That is, so different things get in their way and people don’ t stand up for their goals. They don’t struggle for them. They let other forces push them around a little bit. Also, a lot of people don’t set goals: they think they do. But it’ s either a dream of very loose goal. So when they have to make a decision about a necessary action in their life the goal is so far back in their mind that they don’ t act in its best interest. Also because people will sit down and say “oh, here are my goals”and forget all about them. Revisiting them every week is a good way. They stay at the top of your mind so you can take actions based on them.22．What does the woman say about everybody’ s life?A．It’ s like a road.B．It’ s like a struggle.C．There’s much business.D．There’s much happiness.正确答案：C23．Why do most people fail to reach goals according to the woman?A．They give in to a lot of interruptions.B．They tend to set too ambitious goals.C．They change their goals very often.D．They have too many goals at once.正确答案：A24．What does the woman think of the goals that some people claim to have?A．Serious.B．Sensible.C．Interesting.D．Impractical.正确答案：D25．What does the woman suggest those with goals do?A．Make important decisions about life first.B．Remind oneself of the goals frequently.C．Think of the goal in its best interests.D．Take necessary actions in one’ s life.正确答案：BSection II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.I don’t know what it is about English pubs that I find so disappointing.【C1】______, pubs are supposed to be the Englishman’ s【C2】______meeting place, where he can get together with a few friends【C3】______a glass of beer and talk about football, or horse racing, or business or whatever else【C4】______his thoughts. You notice that the pub is the Englishman’s meeting place, not the Englishwoman ‘s. Even in our liberated times it is still not quite【C5】______for a woman to go into a pub alone: she must have a man to【C6】______and protect her. Perhaps that’ s partly 【C7】______pubs disappoint me—they are【C8】______mainly to provide for male interests, which are often pretty【C9】______. I think this male-dominated atmosphere 【C10】______reminds me of being back at school, or in the army, neither of which is an【C11】______I much want to relive. However, I’m【C12】______in the minority. Most Englishmen have their local, where they can escape from the【C13】______of family life or work, and if they are【C14】______, tell their troubles to a pretty barmaid. 【C15】______, many men dream of retiring from their nine-to-five jobs and【C16】______a little country pub, where they imagine they’ll be the【C17】______of a seven-nights-a-week party. This【C18】______usually dies when they think of having to clean up spilled beer at one o’ clock in the morning. Still, there’s a pub for every type of man, and a man for every type of pub. And I must【C19】______that, for someone who doesn’t like them, I’ve【C20】______a lot of time in pubs of various kinds.26．【C1】A．After allB．In additionC．As a resultD．For example正确答案：A解析：本题考查短语词义辨析。
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矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。