both 和 all的用法

一、all的句法功能

all “三者或三者以上都”。具有名词和形容词的性质，在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语。既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词。代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，代替复数可数名词时，谓语动词用复数。

1．作主语

All enjoyed themselves.（可数）所有的人都玩的很开心。

Now all was changed.（不可数）现在一切都改变了。

2. 作宾语

I love all.我都喜欢

3．作表语

Is that all you want to say? 你要说的就是这么一些？

二、both的用法

1.Both 可作形容词、代词或副词用，意思是“两个”、“双方”、“两个都”。在句中可作主语、宾语或同位语。只能修饰复数的可数名词。作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。

如：Both are right. 两者都对。(主语)

I like both. 两个我都喜欢。(宾语)

2. Both可参与构成名词词组，也可和动词连用，还可与and构成并列

连词。在使用时，要注意下列几点：

（1）both和all和be动词、助动词、情态动词连用时，放在它们得后面。

They are both students. 他们都是学生。

They are both working hard. 他们两人都努力工作。

You can all go home. 你们都可以回家了。

（2）和实义动词连用时放在实义动词之前。如：They both ran away. 他们两人都跑走了。

My brother and my sister both ran to help me. 我弟弟和我妹妹都跑来帮助我。

They both like swimming .

（3）both和all跟“of 短语”连用时，后接名词时both和all后面可以省略of；

All (of) the students are ready for class. 所有的学生都做好了上课准备。

Both her children go to the same school. 她的两个孩子在同一个学校读书。

Both men were interested in the job. 两个人都对这项工作感兴趣。Both his eyes were severely burned. 他的双眼都严重烧伤了。Why not buy both? 为什么不把两件都买下?

（4）后接代词时，of不能省略。

例如：both （all）of后的名词前却一定要有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词作修饰限定。Both of them are workers. 他们两人都是工人。

Both of us thought so. 我们俩都这样想的。

Both of them like popular songs. 他们两人都喜欢流行歌曲。

三、both ┅and┅的用法

1. Both可与and构成并列连词，连接两个性质相同并在句中作相同成分的并行结构。

如：Both he and his brother are good at English. (连接两个主语) She can both dance and sing. (连接两个谓语动词)

Mary is both kind and beautiful. (连接两个表语)

2. both┅and┅“ 两者都┅...”，连接名词或代词作主语时谓语，动词用复数形式，不受‘就近原则’的限制。如，

Both Li Ming and Wei Hua are good at English.

Both you and I are students.

3. 含both的句子变为否定时，是将both改为neither。

如：当肯定句为Both of the boys are clever.(两个男孩都聪明)时，

否定句当为Neither of the boys are clever.(两个男孩都不聪明)。Both 后接复数名词，neither后接单数名词，动词的人称和数也要随之变化。若把句子变为Both of the boys are not clever，则是不完全否定。意思是：并不是两个男孩都聪明(一个聪明一个愚笨)。

4.就近原则 .

采用就近原则的情况：当连词或连词短语连接两个成分，而重点强调的是“其中之一”的时候，要采用就近原则。

如，or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等连接主语时，谓语动词以后面的那个主语为主。

例如：

You or he is right.

Either your teacher or your classmates were there.

Neither you nor he is able to finish the work in an hour.

Not only your parents but also I am proud of you .