英美文学选读Romantic Poetry

Which is Romantic?
• • • • • emotion/rationality sense /intellect intuition/reason pastoral/urban ―poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings‖ (Wordsworth). • ―Truth is beauty, and beauty is truth‖ (Keats).
Stanza 3
• The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed---and gazed---but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: • What are the two levels of the poet‘s state of mind?
Themes and Features of British Romanticism
Themes: Nature Beauty Gothic Exotic Glory Sublime Adventure Revolution Melancholy Ordinary people Features: ―4S‖ Subjectivism overflow of powerful feelings Spontaneity no rules and regulations Singularity love of the strange, the unusual, the supernatural Simplicity everyday language
J. M. W. Turner
The Lady of Shalott (1888) Sir John William Waterhouse
New-medieval subject drawn from Arthurian Romance
Liberty Leads the People Eugene Delacroix
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
Daffodils
William Wordsworth
Listen to the poem
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Stanza 1
• I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o'er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
• ―The cock is crowing, The stream is flowing, The small birds twitter, The lake does glitter, … …‖ --William Wordsworth ―Written in March‖
―I met a lady in the meads, Full beautiful, a faery‘s child; Her hair was long, her foot was light, And her eyes were wild‖ --John Keats ―La Belle Dame sans Merci‖
• Saturn Devouring One of his Sons • By Francisco de Goya Lucientes • Grotesque and mythology
Musicians of Romanticism
Beethoven
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Chopin
Wagner
Shubert‘s Quartet Death and the Maiden
• Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud! I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed. --Shelley ―Ode to the West Wind‖
• Neoclassicism Heav'n from all creatures hides the book of fate, All but the page prescrib'd, their present state: From brutes what men, from men what spirits know: Or who could suffer being here below? --Alexander Pope ―An Essay on Man‖ Analysis: Balance, structure, order, ration, regularity, uniformity. Expression of the personal sufferings in the form of general maxims rather than lyrical outpourings, because violence is in bad taste.
Romanticism in British Literature
1798-1832
―The Big Six‖ Lyrical Ballads (1798) The Lake Poets
• • • • • •
Blake Wordsworth Coleridge Shelly Keats Byron
• Will no one tell me what she sings? Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow for old, unhappy, far-off things, And battles long ago. …… Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain That has been, and may be again? --Wordsworth ―The Solitary Reaper‖
Poetry of British Romanticism
Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats
William Blake Songs of Innocence
To see a World in a Grain of Sand And a Heaven in a Wild Flower, Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand And Eternity in an hour.
Folk and national cultures Gothic,sensational, emotional
Characteristic Features of Romanticism
• A love of nostalgia,mystery and drama • Love,awe and veneration of nature • An interest in the picturesque, the Gothic, the primitive, the exotic, the remote, the diseased and even the satanic • An emphasis on instinct, intuition, emotion, and sensations • A ferver in national,ethnic origin and folklore • An admiration of the hero and legendary figure • Individualism, subjectivism • A political support for liberty, zeal to remake the world
Romanticism
• • • • • • A complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement Late 18th century—Early 19th century Pan-Europe Origin: Romances of the Middle Ages Meaning: the idealization of the reality Social,intellectual and artistic background: --Rousseau feelings, instincts and emotions,”return to nature” “the noble savage” --Edmund Burke: the sublime and the beautiful to human emotions,instincts and imaginations --The French Revolution --Against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment --Anti-classical –classical form/real language --Fear of and opposition to industrial Revolution
• In mist or cloud, on mast or shroud. It perched for vespers nine Whiles all the night, through fog-smoke white, Glimmered the white Moon-shine. … … -- S. T. Coleridge ―The Ancient Mariner‖
• A land of slaves shall ne‘er be mine— Dash down yon cup of Samian wine! --Byron Don Juan • With plough and spade, and hoe and loom Trace your grave, and build your tomb, And weave your winding-sheet, till fair England be your sepulcher. --Shelley ―Song to the Men of England‖
• How do you understand ―a host‖? Why is the repetition here? Is ―host‖ possibly a pun?
Stanza 2
• Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. • The image of vastness and infinity, profusion and magnificent helps to achieve what artistic effect? A. Beauty B. Mystery C. Sublime D. Melancholy