最新虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气用法归纳

英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。

一、虚拟条件句

条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句

如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语用陈述语气。

If you don’t work hard, you will fail.

If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.

如果假设的情况过去、现在、将来都不存在，则为虚拟语气

虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：

1.与现在事实相反的虚拟

What would you do if you won the lottery?

If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.

If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.

2.与过去事实相反的虚拟

If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen her.

If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday.

3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟

If it were to rain/should rain/rained tomorrow, our plan would be put off.

If we were to picnic, we would not be able to help.

二、错综、混合虚拟语气

通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。

1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

3. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

4. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设)

5. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

6. If I were your mother, I would let you go out this weekend. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设)

三、含蓄虚拟语气

虚拟语气中的“含蓄之美”指的是含蓄虚拟语气。因为有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现，而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在，常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or，even, in case of, what if(如果…将如何)等等，这种句子往往有主句而无从句(考试时多数情况是对过去的假设)。

But for your encouragement, I would not have been admitted to this university. （过去）Without water, all lives would die. （现在）

He felt too tired yesterday, or he would have attended my party. （过去）

I was having a meeting, otherwise I would have come to see you off. （过去）

四、虚名词性从句的虚拟语气

含有should +V的用法，这一部分主要是有关建议和命令的相关从句，包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句以及以之相关的形式主语宾语之类的从句。记忆口诀：一个坚持(insist)，两个命令(order, command)，三个建议(suggest, advise, recommend)，四个要求(ask, require, demand, request)。

1. 宾语从句的虚拟语气

He insisted that the meeting be put off.

The general ordered (that) all the soldiers (should ) leave.

He gives orders that the soldiers (should) leave.

2. 表语从句的虚拟语气

My suggestion is that we (should) stay here for a rest.

3. 同位语从句的虚拟语气

There is no suggestion that she (should) resign.

4. 主语从句的虚拟语气主要体现在It做形式主语的三种情况：It’s +p.p +that ；It’s + adj. +that；It’s + n. +that

常用的动词recommand, demand, desire, order, request, require, suggest,command

常用的形容词important, necessary, right, advisable, natural, strange, surprising, regretful,urgent, vital, insistent, essential

常用的名词duty, pity, no surpise, no wonder, shame, regret

其实这些词在句子中其实也有建议命令类似的的意思

It’s important that you should take the medicine.

It’s a pity that you should refuse the invitation.

It’s essential that we should learn some knowledge about fist aid.

It’s demanded that all the students should go to the playground.

It was suggested that he should join the club activities.

5. It为形式宾语的情况实际上是上面形式主语的一种变形，是以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句，it后面的宾语补足语多为形容词或名词，常见词就是上面形式主语后面的那些词。

I consider it vital that he (should) think deeply before acting.

We think it necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.

6. 某些词语如suggest, insist 等有双重含义，所以在使用的时候要注意什么时候用虚拟语气，什么时候不用虚拟语气。

Her smile suggested that she was in favor of the plan.

We insisted that what the boy did was wrong.