来自希腊神话的习语翻译讲解
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因此,在英语中产生了an apple of discord这个成语, 常用来比喻any subject of disagreement and contention; the root of the trouble; dispute等意义
eg: He throwing us an apple of discord, we soon quarreled again.
Prometheus
(普罗米修斯)
PK
The relations between deities Zeus
(宙斯)
Pandora
(潘多拉)
Athena Aphrodite Muses Apollo
(雅典娜) (阿弗洛狄忒) (缪斯) (阿波罗)
Sphinx’s Riddle Trojan Horse
.The Heel of Achilles 亦作The Achilles' Heel唯一弱点;
薄弱环节;要害
The Heel of Achilles直译是“阿基里斯的脚踵”,是个在欧洲广泛 流行的国际性成语。它源自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事。 阿基里斯是希腊联军里最英勇善战的骁将,也是荷马史诗Iliad里的主 要人物之一。传说他是希腊密耳弥多涅斯人的国王珀琉斯和海神的女 儿西蒂斯所生的儿子。阿基里斯瓜瓜坠地以后,母亲想使儿子健壮永 生,把他放在火里锻炼,又捏着他的脚踵倒浸在冥河(Styx)圣水里浸 泡。因此阿基里斯浑身象钢筋铁骨,刀枪不入,只有脚踵部位被母亲 的手捏住,没有沾到冥河圣水,成为他的唯一要害。在特洛伊战争中, 阿基里斯骁勇无敌,所向披靡,杀死了特洛伊主将,著名英雄赫克托 耳(Hector),而特洛伊的任何武器都无法伤害他的身躯。后来,太阳 神阿波罗(Apollo)把阿基里斯的弱点告诉了特洛伊王子帕里斯,阿基里 斯终于被帕里斯诱到城门口,用暗箭射中他的脚踵,负伤而死。
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Hera and Athena' curse
10-year’Trojan War
Greek win!
Odysseus
An Apple of Discord争斗之源;不和 之因;祸根
An Apple of Discord直译为“纠纷的苹果”,出自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事 传说希腊阿耳戈英雄(Argonaut)珀琉斯(Peleus)和爱琴海海神涅柔斯的女儿西蒂斯 (Thetis)在珀利翁山举行婚礼,大摆宴席。 他们邀请了奥林匹斯上(Olympus)的诸神参加喜筵,不知是有意还是无心,惟独没有邀 请掌管争执的女神厄里斯(Eris)。这位女神恼羞成怒,决定在这次喜筵上制造不和。于 是,她不请自来,并悄悄在筵席上放了一个金苹果,上面镌刻着“属于最美者”几个 字。天后赫拉(Hera),智慧女神雅典娜(Athena)、爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂(Aphrodite), 都自以为最美,应得金苹果,获得“最美者”称号。她们争执不下,闹到众神之父宙 斯(Zeus)那里,但宙斯碍于难言之隐,不愿偏袒任何一方,就要她们去找特洛伊的王 子帕里斯(Paris)评判。三位女神为了获得金苹果,都各自私许帕里斯以某种好处:赫 拉许给他以广袤国土和掌握富饶财宝的权利,雅典娜许以文武全才和胜利的荣誉,阿 芙罗狄蒂则许他成为世界上最美艳女子的丈夫。年青的帕里斯在富贵、荣誉和美女之 间选择了后者,便把金苹果判给爱与美之神。为此,赫拉和雅典娜怀恨帕里斯,连带 也憎恨整个特洛伊人。后来阿芙罗狄蒂为了履行诺言,帮助帕里斯拐走了斯巴达国王 墨涅俄斯的王后---绝世美女海伦(Helen),从而引起了历时10年的特洛伊战争。不和 女神厄里斯丢下的那个苹果,不仅成了天上3位女神之间不和的根源,而且也成为了人 间2个民族之间战争的起因。
Greek myth
Hellenism(希腊主义) is the origin of European culture, and Greek myth ,which plays an imperial role in the western history, even in the whole human history, is regarded as the greatest achievement of Hellenism. Greek myth has a profound (深远的) influence on the aspects of literature, language, philosophy, religion,arts and so on. As an English learner, we should know something about the related English culture.
This question was like a riddle of Sphinx to them. 这个问题对他们来说是斯芬克斯之谜. How the massive stones were brought here from hundreds of miles away remains a Sphinx’s riddle. 这些巨石是如何从数百英里外的地方搬到 此处仍然是个难解之谜.
Athena(雅典娜)
• Athena is the goddess of war, civilization, wisdom, strength, strategy, crafts, justice and skill in Greek mythology.
• She is the virgin (原始的) patron (庇护人)of Athens. The Athenians built the Parthenon (帕 台农神庙)on the Acropolis(雅典卫城) of her namesake (同名的) city, Athens, in her honour (Athena Parthenos).
His Achilles' heel was his pride--he would get very angry if anyone criticized his work.
Helen of Troy 直译"特洛伊的海伦"
Helen是希腊的绝世佳人,美艳无比,嫁给希腊南部邦城斯巴达国王墨涅俄 斯(Menelaus)为妻。后来,特洛伊王子帕里斯奉命出事希腊,在斯巴达国 王那里做客,他在爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂的帮助下,趁着墨涅俄斯外出之 际,诱走海伦,还带走了很多财宝 此事激起了希腊各部族的公愤,墨涅俄斯发誓说,宁死也要夺回海轮,报 仇雪恨。为此,在希腊各城邦英雄的赞助下,调集十万大军和1180条战船, 组成了希腊联军,公推墨涅俄斯的哥哥阿枷门农(Agamemnon)为联军统帅, 浩浩荡荡,跨海东征,攻打特洛伊城,企图用武力夺回海轮。双方大战10 年,死伤无数,许多英雄战死在沙场。甚至连奥林匹斯山的众神也分成2个 阵营,有些支持希腊人,有些帮助特洛伊人,,彼此展开了一场持久的恶 斗。最后希腊联军采用足智多谋的奥德修斯(Odusseus)的“木马计”,里 应外合才攻陷了特洛伊。希腊人进城后,大肆杀戮,帕里斯王子也被杀死, 特洛伊的妇女、儿童全部沦为奴隶。特洛伊城被掠夺一空,烧成了一片灰 烬。战争结实后,希腊将士带着大量战利品回到希腊,墨涅俄斯抢回了美 貌的海轮重返故土。这就是特洛伊战争的起因和结局。正是由于海轮,使 特洛伊遭到毁灭的悲剧,真所谓“倾国倾城”,由此产生了Helen of Troy 这个成语。
Aphrodite(爱神——阿佛洛狄忒)
Aphrodite is the goddess of love and beauty. The goddess known as Venus in Roman mythology. Aphrodite also appeared in many literary and painting in the West. The most influential works of art is the statue of Venus found in the cave in the Island of Milo in 1820.
Sphinx‟s Riddle(斯芬克斯之谜)
典出古希腊神话。Sphinx通译“斯芬 克斯”,是带翼的狮身人面女妖。她 在古希腊底比斯(Thebes)城外,用缪斯 (the Muses)传授给他的谜语让过往行 人猜,猜不出者即遭杀害,害死了不少 人.俄狄浦斯(Oedipus)决心为民除害, 自愿前往解答隐迷,这个谜语是: “今有 一物,早晨四足,当午两足,晚间三足,这 是何物?”俄狄浦斯答道: “这是人,因为 人在婴儿时期爬行,长大时两脚步行, 年迈时拄杖行走.”斯芬克斯见谜底已 被俄狄浦斯道破,便从悬崖顶上跳下而 死.这就是所谓Sphinx’s riddle,直译 作”斯芬克斯之谜”或”难题”,而用 Sphinx一词比喻 “难于理解的人”, “猜不透的人”.Sphinx’s riddle又 作”riddle of Sphinx.
• Apollo is the son
of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste(童贞的) huntress Artemis.Apollo was worshiped in both ancient Greek and Roman religion.
因此,the heel of Achilles,也称the Achilles' heel,常用以表示a weak point in something that is otherwise without fault; the weakest spot等意思。
eg: The shortage of fortitude is his heel of Achilles.
Greek mythology
Roman mythology
Aphrodite
(阿佛洛狄忒)
Venus
(维纳斯)
The god of love and beauty, and is also in Cupid Eros charge of the goddess (丘比特) (厄洛斯) of fertility (生产)and navigation(航运) erotic Cupidity
Oedipus complex(恋母情结)
• 恋母情结来源于古希腊罗马神话与传说。传说底比斯国王 拉伊俄斯受到神谕警告:如果他让新生儿长大,他的王位 与生命就会发生危险。于是他让猎人把儿子带走并杀死。 但猎人动了恻隐之心,只将婴儿丢弃。丢弃的婴儿被一个 农民发现并送给其主人养大。多年以后,拉伊俄斯去朝圣, 路遇一个青年并发生争执,他被青年杀死。这位青年就是 俄底浦斯。俄底浦斯破解了斯芬克斯之谜。被比斯人民推 举为王,并娶了王后伊俄卡斯特。后来底比斯发生瘟疫和 饥荒,人们请教了神谕,才知道俄底浦斯杀父娶母的罪行。 俄底浦斯llo(阿波罗)
• Apollo is one of the most important and diverse of the Olympian deities in Greek and Roman mythology. The ideal of the kouros(不同) (a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of light and the sun; truth and prophecy; medicine, healing(康复), and plague(瘟疫); music, poetry, and the arts; and more.
(特洛伊木马)
(斯芬克斯之谜)
Zeus(宙斯)
• Zeus is the King of the Gods in Greek Mythology. Zeus was viewed as a king who oversaw the universe. In Hesiod„s Theology(神 谱), he assigns the various gods their roles. In the Homeric Hymns(荷马史诗) he is referred to as the chieftain of the gods. He is also called the “Father of Gods and men”.He ruled the Olympians of Mount Olympus in ways representative as both a father as head of the family and a king.