英国文学问答题汇总
英国文学---简答题----问答题
英国文学问答题Shakespeare:Questions:I.1. Why sleep is so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?2. Why would people rather hear all the sufferings of the world instead choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.II. 1. What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection?2. What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet?3. What does Romeo mean when he says “Look thou but sweet, /And I am proof against their enmity”?Answers for reference:I. 1. Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep.2.Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us.Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…3.1) Conscience and over-considerations. 2) He wants to revenge, but doesn’tknow how; 2) He wants to kill his uncle, but find it too risky; 3) He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide, 4)however, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma.I. 1. Sun.2. They would give up their names for love’s sake.3. Only if you are kind to me, their hatred cannot hurt me.Daniel Defoe:Questions:1.Do you find the description of Crusoe’s setting up the tentconvincing? Could you think of better ways to build a shelter in his situation?2.What do you think of Crusoe’s way of marking time? Why is itimportant for him to keep track of time?3.From this excerpt, what do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe? Answers for reference:1.Yes.2.1) He doesn’t want to forget time; 2) For a civilized man, time is precious; 3)He wants to remember Sabbath days to show his respect and piety to God. 3.strong-minded, careful, capable, persevering, optimistic, ambitious,self-reliant, clever, practical, adventurous, patient, rational, sympathetic, hardworking, imaginative, energetic, courageous, amiable (kind-hearted) Jane Austen:Questions:1. Why do you think of Mrs.Bennet? How can you characterize her?2. What do you known about Jane Austen’s writing style?Answers for reference:1. 1) She is mean, her only care is to marry her daughter to rich young men; 2) She is simple and foolish, even cannot understand her husband’s ironical words. 3)She loves her daughter , though she doesn’t understand them ,but what she do is only for their happiness rather than herself.2. 1) keen observation of society around her , good ear for conversation, use of mild, irony and penetrating analysis.2)Style, clarity, economy, skillful dialogue, tight plotting, simple and clear. 3）Readers can find sth of themselves, comfort, tranquility, escape in her novels.Charlotte Bronte:Questions:1.What’s the theme in Jane Eyre?2.Please show your understanding on the love between Jane Eyre and MrRochester .Answers for reference:1.1) Jane Eyre is not only a love story; 2) it is also a plea for the recognition ofthe individual’s worth and 3) sex equality that Women attempt to assert their own identity within the male-dominated society.2.Though poor and plain, Jane Eyre, who had a strong will of life, tried hard toget her rights of equality. She left the man very much who was about 20 years older than she and richer. She just wanted him to treat her equally. She was great because her love made disillusioned Rochester happy again. Mr.Rochester was a man full of life’s misery, yet he loved Jane truly and respected her very much. That’s why he got her love.Charles Dickens:Questions:1. How do you understand Pip’s so called “Great Expectation”?2. Please explain the reason that Great Expectation is a so-called bildungsroman or growth novel.Answers for reference:1. 1) when he was young,he wanted to become a blacksmith like Joe, his brother in law. 2) H is meeting with Havisham changed his attitude towards life, and he admired he decent way of living like a gentleman. H e met Estella and fell love with her,but he cannot marry her because of his inferior status and his expectations changed:raise his social status and to become a gentleman,get a better education and then marry Estella. 3) When Pip discovers that his benefactor is in fact a convict, his “great expectation” turns out to be bubble, beautiful but transient. Pip finally realized the money and social status is not the most important thing in life. W hat is important is love and loyalty. M an's true value has nothing to do with his money and status.(简略版)1.1) W hen he was young,he wanted to become a blacksmith like Joe, his brother inlaw. 2) When he met Havisham and fell in love with Estella, his expectations changed: to raise his social status and become a gentleman,get a bettereducation and then marry Estella. 3) When Pip discovered that his benefactor was in fact a convict, his “great expectation” turned out to be bubble,beautiful but transient. Pip finally realized the money and social status is not the most important thing in life. W hat’s important is love and loyalty. M an's truevalue has nothing to do with his money and status.2.It is the novel of the growth and development of the hero Pip. There isabsence of parents for Pip who is raised by his sister and brother-in-law; As a gentleman, Pip condescends people of lower class, losing sight of thegenerous, kind aspect of being a gentleman; He is tested and drawn todestructive love etc.Thomas Hardy:Questions:1.What do you think causes Tess’s tragedy?2.Please comment briefly on the fate of Tess in Tess of the D’Urbervilles. Answers for reference:1.1) Tess was an innocent, pure girl. She was honest and sweet-natured and full oflove for her family and sympathy for others.2) the poverty of her family, the social environment and the collapse of the Agricultural economy; horse killed---claim kin 3) the double moral standard between men and women of that patriarchal society, “chastity =purity” is only for women.4) For such a girl as Tess, her life was something that she couldn’t control, chance of some unknown forces determined everything.2. Tess is actually a victim of her society. Hardy created the heroine Tess just tocriticize the society in his time. Tess is a tragic person simply because she is not accepted by the society in which agriculture is menaced by the forces of invading capitalism. So in a way, Tess’ fate is decided by her society.THANKS !!!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考。
英国文学试题及答案
英国文学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国文学史上被誉为“英国文学之父”的诗人是：A. 乔叟B. 莎士比亚C. 弥尔顿D. 拜伦答案：A2. 下列哪部作品不是简·奥斯汀的作品？A. 《理智与情感》B. 《傲慢与偏见》C. 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》D. 《简·爱》答案：D3. 英国浪漫主义文学的代表人物包括以下哪些？A. 华兹华斯B. 雪莱C. 拜伦D. 以上都是答案：D4. 以下哪位作家不是英国文学中的“湖畔诗人”？A. 华兹华斯B. 柯勒律治C. 雪莱D. 南希答案：C5. “荒原”是哪位英国诗人的代表作？A. 艾略特B. 奥登C. 叶芝D. 狄兰·托马斯答案：A6. 下列哪部作品是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的代表作？A. 《到灯塔去》B. 《乌托邦》C. 《美丽新世界》D. 《1984》答案：A7. 英国现代主义文学的代表作家T.S.艾略特的代表作是：A. 《荒原》B. 《老人与海》C. 《了不起的盖茨比》D. 《太阳照样升起》答案：A8. 以下哪部作品是乔治·奥威尔的代表作？A. 《动物农场》B. 《杀死一只知更鸟》C. 《查泰莱夫人的情人》D. 《美丽新世界》答案：A9. 英国文学中“黑色幽默”的代表作家是：A. 弗朗西斯·培根B. 约瑟夫·海勒C. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫D. 乔治·奥威尔答案：B10. 英国文学中的“哥特式小说”起源于哪部作品？A. 《弗兰肯斯坦》B. 《呼啸山庄》C. 《简·爱》D. 《德古拉》答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国文学史上的“文艺复兴”时期，代表作家有________和________。
答案：莎士比亚；克里斯托弗·马洛2. 英国文学中的“维多利亚时代”是指________年到________年。
答案：1837；19013. 英国文学中的“湖畔诗人”包括威廉·华兹华斯、________和________。
大学英语复习资料 英国文学常识问答题及答案
英国文学常识问答题(1)答案1、（《贝奥武甫》）被认为是英国的民族史诗。
2、（杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer）的出现标志着以本文学为主流的英国书面文学历史的开始。
3、（杰弗里·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer）首创英雄诗行，即（五步抑扬格双韵体或英雄双韵体the hero couplet ）,他被称为“英国诗歌之父”。
4、（托马斯·莫尔Thomas More）是英国最主要的早期人文主义者，他的（《乌托邦》Utopia）开创了英国哲理幻想小说传统的先河。
5、英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的作家是（威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare），他的全部作品包括（两首）长诗，（154）首十四行诗和（38）部戏剧。
6、弥尔顿的长诗（《失乐园》Paradise Lost ）和（《复乐园》Paradise Regained）7、约翰·邓恩John Donne和安德鲁·马韦尔Andrew Marvell是（玄学派诗歌）的代表诗人8、亚历山大·蒲柏Alexander Pope 是(新古典主义诗歌)的代表。
9、（乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swift）是英国文学史上最伟大的讽刺散文作家。
他的杰作（《格列佛游记》）是一部极具魅力的儿童故事。
10、（塞缪尔·约翰逊Samuel Johnson）是18世纪英国人文主义文学批评的巨擎。
11、丹尼尔·笛福Baniel Defoe 的（《鲁滨逊漂流记》）被认为是现实主义小说的创始之作，为其赢得了“英国小说之父”的称号。
12、（威廉·布莱克William Blake）在诗歌中建立起自己的一套独特的神话体系，具有神秘主义色彩，他的革命性、独创性和复杂性使他成为浪漫主义诗歌的先驱。
英国文学一百问
QUESTIONS ABOUT ENGLISH CULTURE1.Why is Wordsworth regarded as a “Worshipper of Nature?”Wordsworth is regarded as a“Worshipper of Nature”because he can penetrate to the core of things and give the readers the very life of nature．He wrote many poems like “The Sparrow’s Nest”, “To a Skylark”, “To a Butterfly to Rev”. He has genuine love for the natural beauty which can release him out of the solitude and sorrow when he is sad or empty-minded，as is expressed in “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”. Beyond the pleasures of the picturesque ness with their emphasis on the eye and the external aspects of nature，the poems lie a moral awareness as he is aware of his own sublime communion with all things．Nature has become an inspiring force of rapture and a power that reveals the working of the soul．To Wordsworth，nature acts as a substitute for imaginative and intellectual engagement with the development of embodied human beings in their diverse circumstances．It’s nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace.”2.What’s the significance and influence of Wordsworth’s poems on English literature?William Wordsworth is the leading figure of the English romantic poetry and his works is the focal poetic of the period. His poetry is a voice of searchingly comprehensive humanity and one that inspires his audience to see the world freshly, sympathetically and naturally. The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature.3.What does the sentence of Wordsworth“The child is father of the man”mean?The sentence is found in Wordsworth’s well-known poem “My Heart Leaps U p”. Maybe the idea is derived from Milton’s “Paradise R egained”: "His childhood shows the man , as morning shows the day.” Here the statement implies that the influences which contribute to former character of the child endure through life.4.What does Wordsworth mean when he said“All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in tranquility”？This sentence is considered as the principle of Wordsworth’s poetry creation which was set forth in the preface to “the L yrical Ballads”. As contrasted with the classicists who made reason, order and the old classical traditions the criteria in their poetical creations，Wordsworth based his own poetic talent on the premise that“all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling．”He appealed directly on individual sensations，i. e. pleasure，excitement and enjoyment，as the foundation in the creation and appreciation of poetry. A poet’s emotion extends from human affairs to nature，but emotion immediately impressed is as raw as wine newly bottled．Tranquil contemplation of an emotional experience matures the feelings and sensation，and makes possible the creation of good poetry like the mellow of old wine．5.What is your understanding of Coleridge’s philosophy and his viewpoints towards literary criticism？Philosophically and critically，Coleridge opposed the limitedly rationalistic trends of the 18the century thought. He courageously stemmed the tide of the prevailing doctrines derived from Hume and Hartley, advocating a more spiritual and religious interpretation of life．He believes that art is the only permanent revelation ofthe nature of reality．A poet should realize the vague intimations derived from his unconsciousness without sacrificing the vitality of the inspiration．Coleridge is one of the first critics to give close critical attention to language，maintaining that the true end of poetry is to give pleasure “through the medium of beauty.” He sings highly of Wordsworth’s “purity of language.” “deep and subtle thoughts,” “Perfect truth to nature.” He denies Wordsworth’s opinion that the language in poetry should be the same as it in common conversation．Coleridge is not only a poet, but also a literary critic．He offered the critic a new principle, that is：not to judge, but to appreciate and interpret．In Coleridge’s opinion，the poet is a creator and the critic is an assistant in the work of creation. The poet, as a man endowed with imaginative genius and fine perception, must be allowed to present the truth in his own way regardless of the rules and models．Also the critic must enter into the poet’s purpose and art, and interpret ideas and beauty for the benefit of the reader．He is the first critic of the romantic school．6.What’s the main idea of Kublai Khan？“Kublai Khan”is one of the best-known poems written by Cole ridge．It was composed in a dream after Coleridge took the opium. Before he fell into sleep, he had been reading a book about Kublai Khan，the ancient conqueror of Mongolia．The poem provides us a gorgeous oriental picture：the magnificent palace, the chasm the sacred river Alph bursts out of, is exotic and vivid. The poem can be a pleasant verbal music. The great poet’s rich imagination found a full expression here. The poem consists some conflicting things：Xanadu represents a beautifully cultivated product of rational will；Alph’s wild and savage chasm represents an irrationally mysterious creative energy which is opposed to Xanadu. “Ancestral voices prophesying war”confirms that conflict is always present．The speaker realizes the opposites can be reconciled through the creative imagination. In the poem, the poet reached the goal. 7. What is“Byronic hero”？Byronic hero is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. The conflict is usually one of rebellious individuals against outworn social systems and conventions. Such a hero appeared first in “Childe H arold’s Pilgrimage”and then further developed in later works as “the Oriental Tales”, “Manfred” and “Don Juan” in different guises. The figure is somewhat modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself，and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad.8. What are the major works of Byron？Byron is a distinguished figure in the romantic period．His major works are：narrative poem: “Don Juan”, “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimag e” ; poetic drama: “Cain” and other poems like “She walks in Beauty”.9. What is the main content of “Don Juan”？“Don Juan” is Byron’s masterpiece, a great comic epic of the early 19th century. “Don Juan”, a handsome and happy-go-lucky young man, falls in love With Donna Julia, the Wife of Don Alfonso. When the affair is discovered，the young man is sent abroad．After a shipwreck in a storm，Juan escapes in a boat with thirty other passengers．After a hard Journey，Juan alone comes out alive and swims to a Greekisland, where he is saved by a beautiful and pure girl Halide, the only daughter of a pirate．They fall in love with each other. When Halide’s father returns, he forcibly separates the couple．Halide goes mad and dies，Juan is sold as a slave to a sultana who has fallen in love with him．Disguised as a girl, Juan lives in a seraglio. Going through many mischievous and comic adventures, he manages to escape to a camp of the Russian army that is besieging the Turkish fortress is mail. Then he is dispatched to Empress Catharine announcing the capture of is mail. Then Catharine dispatches him on a mission to England. The story is ended with a satirical description of the English ruling class．The poem is unfinished, but in his letters，Byron disclosed the end of the poem, that is, to let Don Juan take part in the French Revolution and die fighting against the tyranny.10.What is the main theme of “Do n Juan”？“Don Juan”is a crystallization of Byron’s rich knowledge and wisdom of experience. It presents brilliant pictures of life in its various stages of love, joy, suffering, hatred and fear. The unifying principle in “Don Juan”is the basic ironic theme of appearance and reality, i.e. what things seem to be and what they actually are．Byron’s satire on the English society is an explosion of the hypocrisy of the whole society. The diverse materials and the clash of emotions gathered in the poem are harmonized by Byron’s insight into the difference between life’s appearance and its actuality.11.What are the characteristics of Byron’s works？Although many of Byron’s works are debated by the critics, he is still one of the influential figures in the history of English literature. In most of his works, we can see Byron's violent attack on" Cant politics, religion and morals," his novelty of the oriental scenery, the romantic character of Byronically hero and the easy, fluent and natural beauty of his verse. Byron's diction, though unequal and frequently faulty, has on a whole a freedom, copiousness and vigor. His descriptions are simple and fresh, and often bring vivid objects before the reader. The glowing imagination of the poet rises and falls with the tones of his enthusiasm, roughing into argument, or softening into the melody feeling and sentiments as Colonel Stanhope described: a stream sometimes smooth, sometimes rapid and sometimes rushing down in cataracts—a mixture of philosophy and slang--of everything.”12.What is the influence of Byron’s poetry?Byron’s poetry has great influence on the literature of the whole world. Across Europe, patriots and painters and musicians are all inspired by him. Poets and novelists are profoundly influenced by his works. Actually Byron has enriched European poetry with an abundance of ideas，images, artistic forms and innovations．He stands with Shakespeare and Scott among the British writers who exert the greatest influence over the mainland of Europe.13. What are the major works of Shelley?Romantic poet Sh elley’s distinguished lyrics are:“Ode to the West win d”, “To a Skylark and The C loud”, and the immortal four-act poetic drama” Prometheus Unbound”.14.In what sense does Shelley regard the west wind as“destroyer”and as“preserver”in his “Ode to the West Wind”？The tides“destroyer”and“preserver”come from the titles of Hindu Gods Siva, the Destroyers, and Vinshnie, the Preserver．Here the west wind is considered as both “Destroyer”and“Preserver”for it drives the last signs of life from the trees on the onehand，and scatters the seeds which will come to life in the nest spring on the other hand．15.How do you interpret the theme of the poem “Ode to the West Wind”? What is the social significance of it？“Ode to the West Wind”is Shelley's masterpiece in the poem, the autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new spring, becomes an image of Shelley himself as he wants to be, in its freedom, its destructive-constructive potential, its universality. “I fall upon the thorns of life！I bleed！”calls Shelley that could not bear being fettered to the monotonous realities of daily life!The whole poem has a logic of feeling, a not easily analyzable progression that leads to the triumphant，hopeful and convincing conclusion：“If winter comes, can Spring be far behind？”which brought us a hopeful, optimistic attitude to the coming future！16.What are Keats’s representative works？John Keats is an outstanding poet in the English romantic literature who pursuits a kind of romantic beauty in his poetic creation. His major works are: “Ode to a Nighting ale”, “Ode on an Grecian Urn”, “To Autumn”, “Isabella and Endymion”. 17. What is the main idea of Keats’s“beauty principle”？The one artistic aim In Keats’s poetry was to create a beautiful world of imagination as opposed to the sordid reality of his day．His exquisite sensibility as a poet enabled him to perceive readily the beauty of the world at large and his brilliant fancy turned the impressions into palpable images of enduring beauty which he described through verbal music and word-painting. His leading principle is: “Beauty is truth，truth beauty．”That is，“What the imagination seizes as Beauty must be truth，whether it existed before or not.”said by the poet．18. What is the main theme of “Ode on a Grecian Urn”？On the surface，the ode is about the Grecian Urn，in fact，it is a commentary on nature and art for art has the power to preserve intense human experiences, so that it can be enjoyed by men from generation to generation．Pleasure in life can not be protected from change, while art can remain intact．19. What is the theme of “Pride and Pr ejudice”？The title of the novel “Pride and P rejudice” reveals the novelist’s concern：if making good relationship is our main task in life, we must first have good judgment．Our first impressions, according to Jane Austin, are usually wrong, as is shown here by that of Elizabeth．In the process of judging others, Elizabeth finds out absurd about herself：her blindness, partiality, prejudice and absurdity. At the same time, Darcy too learns about other people and himself. In the end, false prejudice is humbled and prejudice dissolved．20.How to describe the writing style of Jane Austen? What is the significance of her works?Generally speaking, Jane Austen is a writer of the 18th century though she lived mainly in the l9th century. She holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics，religion，and moral principles．Her works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion，her sense of repossibility，good manners and clear judgment over the romantic tendencies of emotion and individuality．She shows her contempt towards snobbery, stupidity, worldliness and vulgarity through subtle satire and irony．Austin’s main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships．In her works, she characterizes a human being not at moments of crisis，but in the most travail incidents of everyday life．Compared with other writers. Austin defined her stories within a very narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social setting and plots are all restricted to the late 18th century England. Everything in her novel reminds us of a quiet, uneventful and contented life of the English country. Her characteristic theme is that maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions. Faults of character displayed by the people of her novel are corrected when, through tribulation, lessons are learned. All these show a mind of the shrewdest intelligence adapting the available traditions and deepening the resources of art with consummate craftsmanship. Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, Jane Austin has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to maturity, and she has been regarded by many critics as one of the greatest of all novelists.21. What is the general feature of the works of Romanticism？The general feature of the works of the romanticism is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society，which finds expression in a revolt against or an escape from the prosaic and sordid dally life．Their writings are filled with strong willed heroes，formidable events，tragic situations，powerful conflicting passions，and exotic pictures．Some times they resort to symbolic methods．In contrast to the rationalism of the enlighteners in the 18th century，the romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man. Nature often personified，plays an important role in their works．The passions of man and the beauties of nature appealed strongly to the imagination of the writer，and the glory of lakes and mountains，the little joys and sorrows of children，the weal and woe of ordinary，uncultured peasants，the wonder of the fairy world，and the classical art all became the fountain-heads of the writer’s inspiration．22. What do you know about Scott’s historical novels？Scott’s historical novels cover a long period of time，from the Middle Ages to the 18th century．They may be conveniently divided into three groups according to their subject matters，namely，the group on the history of Scotland．The representative works of this group is “Rob Roy”. The group on English history，of this group the best known is “Ivanhoe”；and the group on the history of European countries, “Quentin Durward” i s the best known which deals with an epoch of French history.23.What is the Victorian Period in English history？Chronologically the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria over England from1836 to 1901. The period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history.24. What are the main characteristics of the English literature in Victorian Period？Victorian literature，as a product of its age，naturally took on its quality of magnitude and diversity．It was many-sided and complex，and reflected both romantically and realistically the great changes that were going on in people’s life and thought．Victorian literature，in general，truthfully represents the reality and spirit of the age. The high-spirited vitality，the down-to-earth earnestness，the good-natured humor and unbounded imagination are all unprecedented．In almost every genre it paved theway for the coming century，where its spirits，values and experiments are to witness their bump harvest．25.What is the Chartist Movement？From 1836 to 1848，the English workers got themselves organized in big cities and brought forth the People’s Charter，in which they demanded basic rights and better living and working conditions．The People’s Parliament gathered in 1837 and on the People’s Charter there were over a million signatures of workers. The movement swept over most of the bit cities in the country．This was the first mass movement of the English working class and the early sign of the awakening of the poor，oppressed people．26. What is Utilitarianism？The ethical doctrine that virtue is based on utility，and that conduct should be directed toward promoting the greatest happiness of the greatest number of persons．27. Why was England called“workshop of the world”in the Victorian period？The early years of the Victorian England was a time of rapid economic development as well as serious social problems．After the Reform Bill of 1832 passed the political power from the decaying aristocrats into the hands of the middleclass industrial capitalists，the Industrial Revolution soon geared up．Scientific discoveries and technologic inventions from railways to steamships，from spinning looms to printing machines quickly brought amazing changes to the country．For a time England was the“workshop of the world”28. What is Critical Realism？Critical Realism is the main trend of the literary thoughts in the 19th century．It reveals the corrupting influence of the rule of cash upon human nature．Critical realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint of bourgeoisie reality．As far as the literary form or“genre”is concerned，the major contribution made by the 19thcentury critical realists lies in their perfection of the novels．Like the realists of the 18thcentury，the19th century critical realists made use of the form of novel for full and detailed representations of social and political events，and of the fate of individuals and of whole social classes．29. What are the main characteristics of the English critical realism？English critical realism of them 19thcentury flourished in the forties and in the early fifties．The critical realists described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief trait of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint．The English critical realists of the 19th century not only gave a satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling classes，but also showed Profound sympathy for the common people．in their best works，the greed and hypocrisy of the upper-classes are contrasted with the honesty and good-heartedness of the obscure “simple people”of the lower classes．Hence humor and satire abound in the English realistic novels of the 19th century．The critical realists of the 19th century did not，and，due to their world outlook，could not，find a way to eradicate social evils．30. What is Dramatic Monologue？In some degree almost every poem can be called a dramatic monologue：a single speaker is saying something to some one，even if only to himself．Frost’s lyric beginning“Whose woods these are I think I know”is an obvious example．Butwhereas the speaker of a lyric usually seems to be the poet，the speaker of a dramatic monologue is a fictional character or an historical figure caught at a critical moment．His utterance is conditioned by the situation，and is usually directed to a silent audience．The speaker commonly reveals aspects of his personality of which he himself is unaware；in a“My Last Duchess，”Browning’s duke is insufferable but doesn’t know it.31. What is the“mingling of humors and pathos”in Dickens’ works？Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos．He seems to believe that life is itself a mixture of joy and grief．Life is delightful because It is at once comic and tragic．Dickens is a humorist，whether he exaggerates a p erson’s physical traits to achieve a dramatic effect or to ridicule his personal defects，whether he means to be light-heartedly jocular or bitterly satirical，he is sure to produce roaring laughter or understanding smiles．To match his humorous genius，Dickens is also noted for his picture of pathos．No one has ever read the death-bed scene of-title Nell（in “t he Old Curiosity S hop”）and little Paul（in “Dumbey and Son”）can forget them．The pain strikes people to the heart．Tears are shed unashamedly by men，literate or illiterate.32. What is the main theme and artistic features of Dickens’ earlier works？In his early novels, Dickens attacked one or more specific social evils in each: for example the dehumanizing work- house system and the dark critical underwor1d life in “Oliver Twist”, the Yorkshire School where children are not taught anything but actually enslaved at the master's house in “Nicholas Nickleby”; legal fraud in the “Pick wick Pampers”; the debtor's prison in “David Coperfeld”, the money-worship that dominates people's life, corrupt the young and brings tragedy to Mr. Dome’s family in “Martin Chuzzlewit” and “Dombey and Son” and etc. in those nove1s, the techniques, both of the fiction itself and of the social criticism embodied within it, are re1atively straightforward and the objects his attack are easily recognizable and once the abuse had been overcome, the way is open to a happy conclusion. This youthful brightness and optimism is also manifested in the constant jokes and laughters.33. What is the main theme and artistic feature of Dickens’s later works ?The later works of Dickens shows the development of him towards a highly conscious artist of the modern type．The physical setting in his works are sometimes a mixture of the contemporary and the recollected past，the stories，though usually double or multiple-plotted，are much better structured，and the institutions are important not only in themselves but as metaphors for a repressive social psychotic．All of the works，with the exception of “A tale of Two Cities”，present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of the Victorian Age．His attack now become more urgent and passionate，and this urgency creates novels of great compactness and concentration．As Dickens “explorers more bleakly a bleak world”，there are fewer jokes and the comedy become hasher．His laughter ceases to be free or rather carefree；it becomes constantly inhibited by the consciousness of the unfunny side of life．The happy ending is there no more．34. What are the main figures created by Dickens in his works？Character portrayal is the most distinguishing features of Dickens’ works，his best, depleted characters are：(1)Characters who are innocent，virtuous，persecuted，helpless child characters such as Oliver Twist，Little Nell，David Copper field and ltitle Dorrit．(2)Characters who are horrible and grotesque like Fagin，Bill Sikes and Quip．(3)Characters who are humorous and coml. cal such as Mr.Macabre，Sam Weller and Mrs.Gamy．35. What is the social significance of Charlotte’s Jane EyreJane Eyre is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian Age．It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society，that is，the religious hypocrisy of Charity Institutions such as Logwood School where poor children are trained through constant starvation and humiliation，to be humble slaves；the social discrimination Jane experiences first as a dependent at her aunt’s house and later as a governess at Thorn field，and the false social convention as con. corning love and marriage．At the same time，It is an intense moral fable，Jane，like Mr. Rochester，has to undergo a scarf of physical and moral tests to grow up and achieve Harlan happiness．36. What is the main characteristic of the heroine In Jane Eye？Jane Eyre is the first to introduce a governess heroine to the English novel．It cuts a completely new woman image．Being an orphan girl，Jane Eyre is with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved．She is a poor，plain，little governess who dares to love her master，a man superior to her in many ways，and she even is brave enough to declare to the man her love for him．Jane Eyre represents those middle class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being．37. What is the main theme of Charlotte’s works？Charlotte's works are all about the struggle of an in divide consciousness towards self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life. But brought up with strict orthodoxy, Charlotte would usually stick to the Puritanical code. She loves the beauty of nature but despises worldly ambition and success. In her mind, man's life is composed of perpetual battle between sin and virtue, good and evil. All her heroines' highest joy arises from some scarce fine of self or some human weakness overcomes.38. What is the main theme of Withering Heights ？Withering hats is a ridd1e that means different things to different peop1e. From the socia1 point of view, it is a story about a poor man abused, betrayed and distorted by his social betters because he is a poor nobody .As a 1ove story, this is the most moving the passion between Healthily and Catherine proves the most intense, the most beautiful and at the sate the most horrible passion ever to be found possible in human beings.39. What is the unique technique used by Emily Bronte In her novel Withering Heights ？The story is told mainly by Nelly，Catherine’s old nurse，to Mr.．Lockwood，a temporary tenant at Grange．The latter too gives an account of what he sees at Withering Heights．And part of the story is told through Isabella’s letter to Nelly．While the central interest is maintained，the se. quince of it is development is constantly disordered boyish backs．This make the story all the more enticing and genuine.40.What are the main works of Tennyson？And what are their main themes？The main works of Tennyson are ：“The princess”,“In Memoriam”,“Idylls of the King” and etc.The main theme of “The Princess” is the women’s rights and position.The main theme of “In Memoriam” i s an elegy on the death of his dearest friend A·H·Hall am.But in it the poet does not merely dwell on the personal bereavement．The poem is also an elaborate and powerful expression of the poet’s phallus and religious thoughts—his doubts about the steaming of life，the essences the soul and the afterlife，and his faith in the power of love and the soul’s instinct and immortality．“Idylls of the King” is Tennyson’s most ambitious work which took him 30years to complete.It is based on the Celtic legends of King Arthur and his knights of these Refundable．But it is not a mere reproduction of the old legend it is a modern interpretation of the classic myth．The story of the rise and fall of King Anthills. In fact，meant to represent a cyclic history of western civilization，which，in Tennyson’s mind, is going on a spiritual decline and will end in destruction..41. What are the main artistic features of Robert Browning’s poems?First, the name of Browning is often associated with the term“Dramatic Monologue”．In his Poems，Browning always chooses a dramatic moment or a crisis，in which his characters are made to talk about their lives, and about their mind and hearts．In“listening”to those one-sided talk readers can form their own opinion and judgments about the speaker’s personality and about what has really happened．Second，Browning’s poems are not easy to read．His rhythms are often too fast，too rough and unmusical．The syntax is usually clipped and highly compressed．The similes and illustrations appear too profoundly．The illusion and implication are sometimes odd and farfetched. All this makes up his obscurity．In general，Browning’s poems are not meant to entertain the readers with the usual acoustic and visual pleasures：they are supposed to keep them alert，thoughtful and enlightened．42. What do you know about Browning’s poem My Last Duchess?The poem was written in dramatic monologue using heroic couplets. Through a slice-of-life short story, the poem reveals the Duke as an egotlst1cal, vain, proud, and cold man. He has disposed his last Duchess because she was warm and outgoing．His intent of describing his dead wife to the envoy is to convey a warning about his expectations to the prospective Duchess．What the Duke wants is a wife who is not flesh and blood person，but an object as the Duke makes it explicit in lines 52-53of the poem．43. What is the feminine literary outlook of George Eliot？As a woman of exceptional intelligence and life experience，George Eliot shows a particular concern for me destiny of women，especially those with great！intelligence，potential and social aspiration，such as Maggie Gulliver in “The mill on the Floss”，Dorothea in “Middlemarch”，the titular heroine in “Romulus”and Gwendolyn in “Daniel Deride”．In her mind, the pathetic tragedy of women lies in their very birth．Their inferior education and limited social life determine that must depend on men for sustenance and realization of their goals，and they have only to fulfill the domestic duties exported of them by the society．Their opportunities of。
英国文学1考试题及答案
英国文学1考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国文学中，被誉为“英国文学之父”的诗人是：A. 乔叟B. 莎士比亚C. 弥尔顿D. 拜伦答案：A2. 以下哪位作家是现代主义文学的代表人物？A. 狄更斯B. 哈代C. 伍尔夫D. 奥斯汀答案：C3. 《荒原》是哪位诗人的作品？A. 雪莱B. 济慈C. 艾略特D. 叶芝答案：C4. 《简·爱》的作者是：A. 勃朗特B. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特C. 艾米莉·勃朗特D. 安妮·勃朗特答案：B5. 英国文学中的“湖畔诗人”是指：A. 华兹华斯、柯勒律治和骚塞B. 雪莱、拜伦和济慈C. 奥斯汀、勃朗特和艾略特D. 狄更斯、哈代和萨克雷答案：A6. 《乌托邦》的作者是：A. 托马斯·莫尔B. 弗朗西斯·培根C. 约翰·弥尔顿D. 乔纳森·斯威夫特答案：A7. 《呼啸山庄》的作者是：A. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特B. 艾米莉·勃朗特C. 安妮·勃朗特D. 乔治·艾略特答案：B8. 以下哪位作家是维多利亚时代的代表？A. 简·奥斯汀B. 托马斯·哈代C. 查尔斯·狄更斯D. 乔治·奥威尔答案：C9. 《坎特伯雷故事集》的作者是：A. 乔叟B. 莎士比亚C. 弥尔顿D. 拜伦答案：A10. 《鲁滨逊漂流记》的作者是：A. 丹尼尔·笛福B. 亨利·菲尔丁C. 乔纳森·斯威夫特D. 亚历山大·蒲柏答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 英国文学史上第一部现实主义小说是________的《鲁滨逊漂流记》。
答案：丹尼尔·笛福2. 英国浪漫主义文学的代表诗人有________、雪莱和拜伦。
答案：济慈3. 英国现代主义文学的代表作之一是弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的________。
英国文学1考试题及答案
英国文学1考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国文学史上第一位伟大的诗人是：A. 乔叟B. 莎士比亚C. 弥尔顿D. 拜伦答案：A2. 下列哪位作家被誉为“英国小说之父”？A. 简·奥斯汀B. 亨利·菲尔丁C. 查尔斯·狄更斯D. 乔治·艾略特答案：B3. 《坎特伯雷故事集》的作者是：A. 乔叟B. 斯宾塞C. 雪莱D. 拜伦答案：A4. 莎士比亚的“四大悲剧”中不包括以下哪部作品？A. 《哈姆雷特》B. 《奥赛罗》C. 《李尔王》D. 《威尼斯商人》答案：D5. 以下哪位诗人不属于浪漫主义诗人？A. 华兹华斯B. 柯勒律治C. 拜伦D. 布朗宁答案：D6. 《简·爱》的作者是：A. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特B. 艾米莉·勃朗特C. 安妮·勃朗特D. 乔治·艾略特答案：A7. 以下哪部作品是现代主义文学的代表作？A. 《荒原》B. 《尤利西斯》C. 《好兵之帅之帅》D. 《到灯塔去》答案：B8. 以下哪位作家是“愤怒的青年”运动的代表人物？A. 金斯利·艾米斯B. 约翰·奥斯本C. 哈罗德·品特D. 艾伦·西利托答案：B9. 《动物农场》的作者是：A. 乔治·奥威尔B. 阿道司·赫胥黎C. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫D. 威廉·戈尔丁答案：A10. 以下哪位作家是后现代主义文学的代表人物？A. 托马斯·品钦B. 萨尔曼·鲁西迪C. 伊恩·麦克尤恩D. 朱利安·巴恩斯答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 英国文学史上的“文艺复兴”时期，涌现出了许多伟大的作家，其中被誉为“英国戏剧之父”的是______。
答案：莎士比亚2. 19世纪英国现实主义文学的代表作家查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作之一是______。
英国文学名词解释及问答题
名词解释：1, Humanism: a variety of ethical theory and practice that emphasizes reason, scientific inquiry, and human fulfillment in the natural world and often rejects the importance of belief in God. It focuses on human values and concerns, attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters.2, Renaissance: the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world; a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the17th centuries.The renaissance was a cultural movement that profoundly affected European intellectual life in the early modern period. Beginning in Italy, and spreading to the rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influence was felt in literature, philosophy, art, music, politics, science, religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry. Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art.3, Spenserian stanza: a fixed verse form invented by Edmund Spenser for his epic poem The Faerie Queene. Each stanza contains nine lines in total: eight lines in iambic pentameter followed by a single 'Alexandrine' line in iambic hexameter The rhyme scheme of these lines is "ababbcbcc."4, Metaphysical poets: The metaphysical poets is a term coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation about topics such as love or religion.5, Lake Poets: The Lake Poets are a group of English poets who all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century. The three main figures of what has become known as the Lakes School are William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey6, Beowulf: It is the oldest poem in the English language and the most important specimen of Anglo-Saxon literature. The main stories are based on the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes. It is a pagan poem, which presents us an all-round picture of the tribal society.7, Byronic hero: The Byronic hero is a variant of the Romantic hero as a type of character, named after the English Romantic poet Lord Byron. a man proud, moody, cynical, with defiance on his brow, and misery in his heart, a scorner of his kind, implacable in revenge, yet capable of deep and strong affection8, Romanticism: Romanticism is a literary and artistic movement, which prevailed in England from 1798 to 1832. It is concerned with the expression of the individual's feeling and emotions and stressed strong emotion as a resource of aesthetic experience.9, Ode: a lyrical verse written in praise of, or dedicated to someone or something which captures the poet's interest or serves as an inspiration for the ode.10, University Wits: The University Wits were a group of late 16th century English playwrights who were educated at the universities and who became playwrights and popular secular writers. Prominent members of this group were Christopher Marlowe, Robert Greene, and Thomas Nashe from Cambridge, and John Lyly, Thomas Lodge, George Peele from Oxford.11, Sentimentalism: Sentimentalism stresses on material senses as being spiritual and/or considers soul to be material, thus anything done on sentimental level is more or less materialistic rather than spiritual/transcendental.12, Alliteration: Alliteration refers to the repetition of a particular sound in the first syllables of a series of words or phrases. Alliteration has developed largely through poetry, in which it more narrowly refers to the repetition of a consonant in any syllables that, according to the poem's meter, are stressed. Alliteration is commonly used in many languages, especially in poetry.13,Glorious Revolution: the name of the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange). William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascending the English throne as William III of England jointly with his wife Mary II of England. in 1688, William of orange landed at torbay and marched upon London. This takeover was smooth, with neither bloodshed, nor any execution of the King, which became known as the glorious revolution.14, Norman Conquest: the invasion and conquest of England by an army of Normans and French led by Duke William II of Normandy. William, who defeated King Harold II of England on 14 October 1066 at the Battle of Hastings, was crowned as king on Christmas Day 1066. He then consolidated his control over England and settled many of his followers in England, introducing a number of governmental and societal changes to medieval England.15, Ballad: A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later the Americas, Australia and North Africa. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century it took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and the term is now often used as synonymous with any love song, particularly the pop or rock power ballad.问答题：1. Humanism was a study first done in the renaissance. instead of learning only about god and religion, people, for the first time, started to just think about ourselves as people characteristics of humanism include anatomy, classicism, nature, realism, reason and learning, religion, individualism, youth, and perspective.2, Sonnet 18 theme of man and the natural world. On one level, Sonnet 18 is clearly concerned with the relationship between man and the eventual, inescapable death he’ll encounter in nature. On another level, the poet also seems fascinated by the relationship between seasonal weather and personal, internal "weather" and balance. Sonnet 18 Theme of Literature and Writing Like much of Shakespeare’s work, Sonnet 18 is all about writing and expressing one’s self through language. This is, at its clearest, a poem about the power of the written word over death, fate, and possibly even love. Sonnet 18 Theme of Time The speaker of Sonnet 18 is absolutely fixated on fate and mortality, but believes he’s come up with an effective time machine: poetry. Sonnet 18 is addressed to a friend, not to a woman Shakespeare compares his friendship to a summer's day. Friendship is unlike summer not changing and it is everlasting. Friendship is like a mild and eternal summer.3 The historical issues and developments of the time played a major role in provoking and shaping the new literary movement of Romanticism. The Industrial Revolution, its urbanization of English life, and its abuses against the working class called for a change in literary concerns and style. The basis aims of romanticism were various: a return to nature and to belief in the goodness of man; the rediscovery of the artist as a supremely individual creator; the exaltation of senses and emotions over reason and intellect.4，In this novel, Charlotte Bronte pours a great deal of her own experiences, such as the life at Lowood School and life as a governess. One of the central themes of the book is the criticism of the bourgeois system of education. Another problem raised by Charlotte in the novel is the position of woman in society. Jane Eyre is an orphan child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved. She is poor and plain but she dares to love her master, a man superior to her in many ways. As a little governess, she is brave enough to declare to the man her love for him. She cuts a completely new women image. She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.5，metaphysical poetry——complex, highly intellectual verse filled with intricate and far-fetched metaphors. John Donne is considered the greatest of the metaphysical poets.6 Another important feature of Swift's prose is that he uses the common touch. In other words, everybody can understand his language that is why even children can read his books with so much enjoyment. Also, Swift addresses people as rational and political beings, making them his equals. Swift wrote in a very plain and downrightstyle. He didn't use any embellishment. At times, when Swift was writing serious stuff this same plain style appears dry but when writing humorously, this same plainness gives his wit a singular edge. Swift didn't use ornate or rhetorical language.7 After the Norman Conquest, the general relation of Normans and Saxons was that of master and servant. One of the most striking manifestations of the supremacy of the conquerors was to be seen in the language. The Norman lords spoke French, while their English subjects retained their old tongue. For a long time the scholar wrote in Latin and the courtier in French. There was almost no written literature in English for a time. Chronicles and religious poems were in Latin. Romances, the prominent kind of literature in the Anglo-Norman period, were at first all in French. By the end of the fourteenth century, when Normans and English intermingled, English was once more the dominant speech in the country. But now it became something different from the old Anglo-Saxon. The structure of the language remained English, and the common words were almost all retained, though often somewhat modified in form. But many terms employed by the Normans were adopted into the English language.8 The character Shylock, in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, is portrayed as a beastly monstrosity, with a lust for Antonio's life. Shylock is clearly a villain in the sense that he takes repeatedly takes advantage of people in vulnerable economic situations and makes a handsome living in this way. He is not an inherently likable character throughout “The Merchant of Venice” by Shakespeare;he avoids friendships, he is cranky, and he is steadfast in his beliefs to the point of being rigid. Shylock is also a man who is unreasonable and self-thinking, demanding Shylock is a man who is hardly likable in all aspects throughout “The Merchant of Venice”.9 Robinson Crusoe is one of the protagonists drawn most successfully in English novels. Through his characterization of Crusoe, Defoe describes him as a hero struggling against nature and human fate with an indomitable will, and highly praises his creative labor, physical and mental, an allusion to the glorification of the bourgeois creativity when it was a rising and more energetic class in the initial stage of its historical development.10 In Shakespeare's Hamlet, a ghost tells Hamlet that his uncle, Claudius, is responsible for the death of his father. Hamlet is driven to reveal the truth of his father's death and seeks to avenge his murder to achieve justice. In his quest to right the wrongdoing, Hamlet delays acting toward justice for many reasons. The main factor for Hamlet's hesitation is attributed to his self-discipline. He lacks of ability to act on his emotions. Hamlet is an intelligent, moral, and reserved character. He restrains himself to act rationally and not on emotion. This hesitation is a tragic flaw for Hamlet, but in order to resolve the truth, it is necessary. Hamlet has doubts about the validity of the ghost; he is too rational a character to seek revenge on Claudius based on a conversation with a supernatural spirit. He is unsure whether it was his father's ghost, or some evil deity trying to trick him.。
英国文学试题及答案
英国文学试题及答案### 英国文学试题一、选择题1. 谁被认为是英国文学之父？- A. 莎士比亚- B. 乔叟- C. 狄更斯- D. 拜伦2. 以下哪部作品不是简·奥斯汀所写？- A. 《傲慢与偏见》- B. 《理智与情感》- C. 《简·爱》- D. 《诺桑觉寺》3. 以下哪位作家是现代主义文学的代表人物？- A. 托马斯·哈代- B. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫- C. 乔治·奥威尔- D. 奥斯卡·王尔德二、填空题4. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和__________。
5. 英国浪漫主义诗人拜伦的代表作《唐璜》是一部__________。
三、简答题6. 简述查尔斯·狄更斯在19世纪英国文学中的地位及其作品的特点。
7. 描述《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的关系。
四、论述题8. 讨论《简·爱》中简·爱的性格特点及其对女性独立意识的影响。
答案一、选择题1. B. 乔叟2. C. 《简·爱》3. B. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫二、填空题4. 《麦克白》5. 长篇叙事诗三、简答题6. 查尔斯·狄更斯是19世纪英国最伟大的小说家之一，他的作品以其对社会不公和贫困的深刻描绘而闻名。
狄更斯通过他的作品，如《双城记》和《远大前程》，展现了维多利亚时代英国社会的复杂面貌，同时，他的作品也以其幽默感和对人物的深刻刻画而受到读者的喜爱。
7. 在《呼啸山庄》中，希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的关系是小说的核心。
他们从小一起长大，彼此深爱，但由于社会阶层和财富的差异，他们的爱情受到了挑战。
凯瑟琳最终选择了嫁给富有的林顿，这导致了希斯克利夫的复仇计划，以及他们之间悲剧性的爱情故事。
四、论述题8. 《简·爱》是夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，小说的主人公简·爱以其独立、坚强和有原则的性格而著称。
英国文学 问答
1. In Shakespeare's Sonnet 18,what makes the poet think that " thou " can be morebeautiful than summer and immortal?The poem starts with a flattering question to the beloved—"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The beloved is both "more lovely and more temperate" than a summer's day. The speaker lists some negative things about summer: it is short—"summer's lease hath all too short a date"—and sometimes the sun is too hot—"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines." However, the beloved has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer's day. By putting his love's beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever. "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The lover's beauty will live on, through the poem which will last as long as it can be read.2. Choose one of Shakespeare's tragedies and comment briefly and logically on the core reasons that lead to the hero's death. -----Hamlet’s CharacterAt the start of the play, Hamlet’s character leaves a lot to be desired. For one, he is weak. Hamlet is not a commanding figure. As a matter of fact, he is depicted as weak and vacillating person. This may not be the best description of the leading character but Hamlet does appear to be confused in the beginning.Hamlet is also a loner, bitter, and distrustful. He hates his uncle because he is aware of what his uncle did to his father. He dislikes his mother intensely because of her decision to marry his uncle right after his father passed away. Hamlet is actually an introspective young man who studied at the University of Wittenberg. He is indecisive and hesitant but sometimes can be impulsive in his decisions too.His indecisiveness becomes apparent when his father’s ghost appeared before him to tell him that Claudius poisoned him. Hamlet was at first passive after being told of the truth of the death by the ghost of his father. Hamlet, instead of acting on what he knew for certain, spends his time laboring on how to prove that his uncle is guilty before taking actions.This irrational impulse causes him to stab Polonius through the curtain without even knowing who it is. Although Hamlet is contemplative by nature, he is also insane and acts on this obsessive impulse. He is entirely to blame for the reckless death of Polonius. This is the first death that acts as a catalyst for the other two deaths that can be considered tragic in Hamlet.He contemplates “To be, or not to be: that is the question” so many times in his head that he misses his opportunities.3．In Wordsworth's I wanderd Lonely as a Cloud, what is the relation between the poet and the nature as described in the poem?Do you think nature can have healing effect on mind?We come to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem.在诗的开头，诗人将自己比喻为一朵孤独的流云，孤单地在高高的天空飘荡。
(完整版)英国文学问答练习题
英国文学问答练习题：Part OneOld and Middle English LiteratureI.Summarize Chaucer’s literary career and the representative works of each period。
His literary career is usually divided into three periods： the French period, the Italian period and the English period.The French period refers to the period of French influence （1359—1372). During the period Chaucer wrote his earliest works: The Romaunt of the Rose, a free translation of a French poem and his first important original work：The Book of the Duchess.The Italian period refers to the period of Italian Influence(1372-1386)， especially of Dante and Bocaacio. During this period, he mainly wrote three longer poems using the heroic stanza of seven lines：The House of Fame，Troilus and Crisyede, The Legend of Good Women。
The English period is his mature period， during which time his masterpiece The Canterbury was produced in which the heroic couplet was used.II.Answer the question according to the following passageWhen April with its sweet-smelling showersHas pierced the drought of March to the root，And bathed every vein (of the plants) in such liquidBy which power the flower is created;When the West Wind also with its sweet breath,In every wood and field has breathed life intoThe tender new leaves， and the young sunHas run half its course in Aries,And small fowls make melody，Those that sleep all the night with open eyes(So Nature incites them in their hearts），Then folk long to go on pilgrimages,And professional pilgrims to seek foreign shores,To distant shrines, known in various lands；And specially from every shire's endOf England to Canterbury they travel,To seek the holy blessed martyr，Who helped them when they were sick.Questions：1.What is expressed in these opening lines of The Canterbury Tales？2.How does the author emphasize the transition from nature to divinity?ment on Chaucer’s contribution of rhymed stanzas。
英国文学史简答题
1.乔叟对文学的贡献（1）.Chaucer introduce the heroic couplet.(2)Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the english literary language,the basis of which was formed by the london dialect,so profusely used by the poet.2.Sonnet?A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written inrhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.Two types: Italian sonnet & Shakespeare sonnet.Italian sonnet: an octave and a sestet; rhyme scheme is abbaabba cdecdeShakespeare sonnet: 3 quatrains and a concluding couplet; rhyme scheme is ababbcbc cdcdee.3.Blank verse:•Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. •The verse form used in some of the greatest English poetry, including that of W. Shakespeare and John Milton.The major achievements in English blank verse were made by William Shakespeare, who wrote much of the content of his plays in unrhymed iambic pentameter, Milton, whose Paradise Lost is written in blank verse.4.Dramatic monologueDramatic monologue does not designate a component in a play, but a type of lyric poem that was perfected by Robert Browning. In its fullest form, the dramatic monologue has the following features: (1)a single person, who is patently not the poet, utters the speech that makes up the whole of the poem, in a specific situation at a critical moment;(2)this person addresses and interacts with oneor more other people; but we know of the auditors’ presence, and what they say and do, only from clues in the discourse of the single speaker; (3)the main principle controlling the poe t’s formulation of what the lyric speaker says is to reveal to the reader, in a way that enhances its interest, the speaker’s temperament and character.5.Shakespear 的写作时期和特点⏹A. The Comedies of the First Period⏹(a) the Key-Note of the Comedies: WhenShakespeare wrote these comedies, he was still young. In them he portrayed young people just freed from the feudal fetters. He sang of their youth, love and ideals of happiness. The victory of their humanist ideal is inevitable, though it is to be attained only after severe struggle against all obstacles.⏹The heroes and heroines fight against destinyitself and mould their own fate according to their own free will. As becomes the sons and daughters of the Renaissance, they trust not in God or King but in themselves, and their efforts and good faith are crowned with success. The general spirit of these comedies is optimism.⏹(b) the Heroines: These comedies show, indifferent ways, Shakespeare’s respect for the dignity, honesty, wit, courage, determination and resourcefulness of women. The ideal women of Shakespeare’s comedies is best exemplified inthe brilliant picture of Portia in The Merchant of Venice–Portia is a woman of the Renaissance: beautiful, prudent, cultured, courteous and capable of rising to an eme rgency. Shakespeare’s heroines are of a new type.⏹They are witty, bold, loving, optimistic andfaithful. They are happy and make others happy.They carry their destinies with them and in speaking and thinking as well as in feeling are men’s equals or even superiors. In a word, they are the daughters of the Renaissance.The Tragedies of the Second Period⏹In each of these tragedies, the fatal weakness ofcharacter and the tragic course of events together lead a great man to ruin. In Hamlet, which is consider ed the summit of Shakespeare’s art, Hamlet’s tragic weakness is hesitation, inability to act when action is needed. He is too much of a thinker.In King Lear, we see an old king thrown out of his home by two wicked daughters, and treated so badly that he goes mad and dies. It is perhaps Shakespeare’sgreatest work, reaching into the deepest places of the human spirit. King Lear’s weakness is his openness to flattery.He gives his kingdom to the two evil daughters who flatter him, and nothing to the youngest girl, who tells the truth but loves him best. In Macbeth, the hero and his wife, Lady Macbeth, are ruined by their unhealthy ambition and desire for power. In Othello, the hero’s unquestioning jealousy proves to be great weakness, even if it comes from a mind too noble to doubt evil suggestions.3.传奇剧时期（1609-1612）•封建王朝专制加剧，压制言论自由。
英国文学参考试题和答案
英国文学参考试题和答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国文学中被称为“文学之父”的是哪位作家？A. 乔叟B. 莎士比亚C. 弥尔顿D. 狄更斯答案：A2. 下列哪部作品是乔叟的代表作？A. 《坎特伯雷故事集》B. 《失乐园》C. 《鲁滨逊漂流记》D. 《格列佛游记》答案：A3. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧中不包括以下哪部作品？A. 《哈姆雷特》B. 《奥赛罗》C. 《麦克白》D. 《威尼斯商人》答案：D4. 英国浪漫主义文学的代表人物不包括以下哪位？A. 华兹华斯B. 柯勒律治C. 拜伦D. 狄更斯答案：D5. 以下哪部作品是简·奥斯汀的代表作？A. 《傲慢与偏见》B. 《呼啸山庄》C. 《简·爱》D. 《理智与情感》答案：A6. 英国现代主义文学的代表人物不包括以下哪位？A. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫B. 詹姆斯·乔伊斯C. 托马斯·哈代D. T.S. 艾略特答案：C7. 以下哪部作品是乔治·奥威尔的代表作？A. 《动物庄园》B. 《美丽新世界》C. 《1984》D. 《好兵之死》答案：C8. 以下哪位作家是“愤怒的青年”运动的代表人物？A. 阿兰·西利托B. 约翰·奥斯本C. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫D. 乔治·奥威尔答案：B9. 以下哪部作品是威廉·戈尔丁的代表作？A. 《蝇王》B. 《老人与海》C. 《荒原》D. 《好兵之死》答案：A10. 以下哪位作家是后现代主义文学的代表人物？A. 萨尔曼·鲁西迪B. 伊恩·麦克尤恩C. 多丽丝·莱辛D. 托马斯·哈代答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国文学史上第一部现实主义小说是________的作品《鲁滨逊漂流记》。
答案：丹尼尔·笛福2. 英国文学中“湖畔诗人”包括威廉·华兹华斯、________和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治。
英国文学试题及答案
英国文学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国文学史上第一位伟大的诗人是：A. 威廉·莎士比亚B. 乔叟C. 约翰·弥尔顿D. 托马斯·哈代2. 以下哪部作品是乔治·奥威尔所著？A. 《1984》B. 《简·爱》C. 《傲慢与偏见》D. 《呼啸山庄》3. 被称为“英国文学之父”的是：A. 约翰·多恩B. 亚历山大·波普C. 威廉·华兹华斯D. 乔叟4. 以下哪位作家是维多利亚时代的代表人物？A. 威廉·布莱克B. 查尔斯·狄更斯C. 托马斯·哈代D. 约翰·弥尔顿5. 英国浪漫主义文学的代表人物包括以下哪些？A. 威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治B. 威廉·莎士比亚和本·琼森C. 托马斯·哈代和乔治·艾略特D. 奥斯卡·王尔德和罗伯特·布朗宁二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）6. 威廉·莎士比亚的戏剧作品分为______、______和历史剧。
7. 《鲁滨逊漂流记》的作者是______。
8. 英国现代主义文学的代表人物之一是弗吉尼亚·______。
9. 《简·爱》的作者是______。
10. 《傲慢与偏见》的作者是简·奥斯汀，这部小说属于______文学。
三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）11. 简述威廉·莎士比亚的四大悲剧及其主要特点。
12. 描述查尔斯·狄更斯的写作风格及其对社会的影响。
四、论述题（每题25分，共50分）13. 论述托马斯·哈代的自然主义在《德伯家的苔丝》中的体现。
14. 分析《1984》中乔治·奥威尔对极权主义社会的批判。
答案一、选择题1. B2. A3. D4. B5. A二、填空题6. 喜剧、悲剧7. 丹尼尔·笛福8. 伍尔夫9. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特10. 现实主义三、简答题11. 威廉·莎士比亚的四大悲剧包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》。
【全文】英国文学期末考试简答、论述题(含答案)
精选全文完整版可编辑修改V. Give a brief answer to the following questions. (20%)1. Discuss the theme of Wuthering Heights。
2. Say something about John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim Progress.①The Pilgrim Progress, written by John Bunyan, was written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream. It became an immediate success upon its publication.②The allegory depicts the Puritan struggle for freedom of worship, the eternalstruggle of man to find unity with God. The purpose is to urge people to seek salvation through constant struggle with their weaknesses and social evils.③The book is ranked as one of the greatest allegories in English language. Itsets a standard in story-telling with vivid characterization and natural dialogue.It becomes a landmark for later works such as Thackeray’s Vanity Fair, and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Celestial Railroad.3. Say something about Hamlet.①Hamlet is generally regarded as the most representation of Shakespeare’sartistic creations and the summit of the Renaissance drama.②It is not a simple revenge play but a tragedy of humanist ideals crushed bycruel reality. It addresses the fundamental question of the meaning of human existence, with Hamlet’s meditation on life and death at the centre.③It portrays the social realities in England at the end of the 16th century andthe start of the 17th century.4. Say something about Robinson Crusoe.①The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, which is oftenshortened as Robinson Crusoe, was based on the true experience.②It is an interesting picaresque novel about an 18th century English adventurer.Crusoe is practical, religious and mindful of his profit. He resembles the rising bourgeoisie at the earliest stage of its development.③In depicting Crusoe’s efforts and growth on the island, the novel glorifiesboth physical and mental labor. The novel also shows the author’s attitude towards colonialism and Negro slavery.1. Discuss the theme of Wuthering Heights5. Say something about Paradise Lost and its theme.7. Say something about The Canterbury Tales.The Canterbury Tales is written in middle English created by Chaucer. The pronunciation and spelling are quite different from those in modern English, but the reading of the Tales is not as difficult as it first appears for the modern reader.It is sometimes argued that the greatest contribution that The Canterbury Tales made to English literature was in popularizing the literary use of the vernacular English. Chaucer’s poetry, along with the poetry of his other pee r writers, helped standardize the London Dialect and establish English as the literary language of the country.Chaucer was one of the first English poets to use the five-stress line, a decasyllabic cousin to the iambic pentameter, in much of his work. This arrangement became one of the standard poetic forms in English. He is father of English poetry.9. Say something about Bacon’s Of Studies.①Bacon was one of the greatest minds in an age of giants. His compact style withwise ideas has won him populariti es. His famous essays in students’ bibliography include ”Of Study”,” Of Beauty” and “Of Truth”.②Of Study discusses the function and method of reading. It is one of Bacon’smost frequently quoted essays.③The essay is known for its clearness, brevity and f orce of expression. Thediscussions are clearly presented. The first sentence points out the three functions. Then it discusses some wrong opinions about study, the importance of experiment in study, the various methods to read, the role of discussion and notetaking. The essay also argues that study is different fields can bring all sorts of benefits and improve spiritual defeats.④Bacon has employed various rhetorical devices in the essay: metaphor makes theessay rich; parallelism makes it sinewy; and contrast makes it persuasive. 10. Say something about Paradise Lost and its theme.（同上第⑤题）14. Say something about Gulliver’s Travels.①Gulliver’s Travels, as Swift’s highest achievement, is considered to be asatirical examination of the human nature, man’s p otential for depravity and the dangers of misuse of reason.②The novel gives an unparalleled sarcastic depiction of all the social vicesof the early 18th century. In spite of his contempt for the rulers and social evils, Swift cherished a great love for the common people.③Gulliver’s Travels is a fantasy, and at the same time, a realistic work offiction, including four voyages.18. Say something about the poem I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.①I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,also known as “The daffodils”, was written byBritish romanticist William Wordsworth.②The poet described his heartfelt happiness as he saw the beautiful daffodilsand sang high praises of nature.③Its rhyme scheme is ababcc.④The poem can be divided into two parts: the first part describes the sceneryand the second part expresses the poets’ emotion. We can see daffodils everywhere, and the poet compares them to the stars in the sky. He is immensely influenced by the beauty and the memory of the daffodils is imprinted in his mind, which brings back happiness when he feels lonely, dull or depressed.22. Say something about the poem Ode to a Nightingale.Ode to a Nightingale, written by John Keats under a plum tree in the yard of his friend out of “a tranquil and continual joy”in the nightingale’s song, contains his poetic feeling on the song of the nightingale. The poem is not about the bird only, it is about human experience in general. The principal stress of the poem is a struggle between ideal and actual: nature and the human, art and life, freedom and bondage, waking and dream.23. Say something about Pride and Prejudice.Pride and Prejudice, written by Jane Austen, ha long been a favorite of both readers and critics and is often regarded as Jane Austen’s consummate achievement27. Say something about Jane Eyre.①Jane Eyre, written by critic realism novelist Charlotte Bronte, is a frank andpassionate story of the love between a governess and her master, a married man, Mr. Rochester.②The novel is written in the first person and contains authentic autobiographicalexperiences.③Jane Eyre has many merits. It is the first governess novel in English literature.It is one of the most popular works of the working middle class women. It announces30. Say something about Tess of the D’Urbervilles.①Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the twelfth novel by Thomas Hardy. It tells themisery and tragedy of Tess. It deals with such themes as injustice of human existence, social classes and social status of women in Victorian England.②It questions society’ sexual mores by portraying a heroine who is seduced bythe son of her employer and is not considered a pure and chaste women by the rest of society.③Thus it is an attack on the hypocritical morality of the society an d thepolitical status quo in English.38. Say something about Charles Dickens.Charles Dickens is a British critical realist in Victorian Age. Charles Dickens was the son of a navy clerk. When he was fifteen, he left school and entered a lawyer’s office. In 1834, his lifework of writing began. The novel Pickwick Papers brought him into the first rank of the most popular novelist of his day. The rest of his life was work without rest.①The first period of his literary career: This period is referred to the yearsfrom 1836-1841, which is marked for youthful optimism. The main novels in this period are: Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist and The Old Curiosity Shop.②The second period of his literary career: the second period, which began from1842, was a period of excitement and irritation. In this period, he visited America and was shocked by the corruptive influence of wealth and power there. The main novels are: Dombey and Son, David Copperfield.③The third period of his literary career: Dickens’ works in this period showintensifying pessimism. His main novels in this period are: Great Exceptions,A Tale of Two Cities.39. Say something about John Milton.Milton is the greatest writer of the seventeenth century. In his life and literary career the two dominant historical movements of Renaissance and Reformation combined and received their most intense and intelligent expression. He towers over his age just as Shakespeare towers over the Elizabethan Age and Chaucer over the Medieval Age. His works mainly include Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes.41. Say something about Geoffrey Chaucer.The 14th century is called “Age of Chaucer”. Chaucer is acclaimed not onlyas “the father of English poetry”, but also the father of English fiction”.His masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales, is one of the most famous works in all literatures.43. Say something about Jane Austen.①Jane Austen was the first English Woman novelist.②Austen was born in Hampshire, a small town in southwest England. She was educatedat home and led a quiet life. Austen wrote altogether 6 novels, among which the most important ones are Pride and Prejudice, Sense and sensibility and Emma.③Jane Austen was popular all through the 19th century. She died in 1817 at theage of 42.45. Say something about Thomas Hardy.①Hardy was born in Dorset, which he called Wessex in his novels. His principlenovels are the Wessex novels. Among his famous novels, the best-known are Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure.②Other works by Hardy include The Return of the Native, Far From the MaddingCrowd and The Mayor of Casterbridge.48. Say something about George Bernard Shaw.Bernard Shaw was the greatest dramatist in English literature in the 20th century.He used stage to criticize the evils of capitalism.His major plays include Man and Superman, Major Barbara and Pygmalion.Shaw is a critical realist writer and a humorist. His plays deal with contemporary social problems.53. What is the theme of The Waste Land?The theme of the poem is modern spiritual barrenness, the despair and depression that followed the First World War, the sterility and turbulence(动荡)of the modern world, and the decline and breakdown of Western culture.1. Discuss the theme of Wuthering Heights5. Say something about Paradise Lost and its theme.VI. Write no less than 120 words on each of the following topics in English.3. Thomas Hardy, living at the turn of the century, is often regarded as a transitional writer. In him we see the influence from both the past and the modern. Tess of the D’Urbervilles is one of his greatest works. Try to discuss the fate of Tess in this work.The discussion about the fate of Tess in Tess of the D’Urbervilles.Tess of the D’Urbervilles is Thomas hardy’s representative work, as a transitional writer, his work reflect the profound changes about the social economic, politic, moral, customs and the tragic fate about the people(especially the fate of women)which caused by the capitalism intrudes England rural towns, it reveals the hypocrisy of bourgeoisie moral, legal and religion.Tess of the D’Urbervilles concentrate on the ‘character and environment. The heroine Tess while clever beauty, diligent and kind, but as a victim of she finally was on the gallows. So what are the reasons? Here we analyze her tragic fate from the following 3 aspects:Firstly, the tragic fate of Tess first comes from the capitalist society.In the furious conflict between individual and environment, Tess's fate is inevitably miserable. Tess lived in the Victorian period as British capitalism intrudes England rural countries. Though she is diligent and kind, clever beautiful girl, but as a laborer, a powerless of agricultural workers without money and social status, naturally will be affected by the capitalist society of oppression and reproach. With the capitalist invasion, those who own a small piece of land and production material of peasants are forced to, and then go bankrupt. Visible, Tess's tragic fate and her economic poverty are closely linked. This is one the social reason.Secondly, unjust laws system is also a factor in Tess tragedy. In capitalist society, the legal system are protect the exploiting class profits while oppress powerless workers. From the story, we knew that Alec is a domineering, do evil young guy, he was protected by the injustice law while the beautiful and diligent Tess was killed, it shows the underclass counteractions people in society is impossible to get treated fairly.Thirdly, Tess's destruction is closed linked with the hypocrisy of religion .Alec's characters, revealed the hypocrisy of religion. He is on the business, is a bourgeois upstarts and carnal "person". He set a trap to seducea Tess, but using the biblical allusions to blame them. Later he was turnedinto a good cleric. Who advised Visible, in capitalist society, religion isthe reactionary ruling class anesthesia, cheating, and a fool of working people.Marx once said: "with artificial Christian." Religion is bourgeois reproach and defiled women provided theoretical basis.Fourthly, Tess is also a victim of the bourgeoisie hypocritical moral. From the story, Angel is the representative of bourgeoisie hypocritical moral, though he is a liberal thought of intellectuals, but he has a deep psychological ingrained in traditional ethics and morality. his own dissolute behavior was forgived by Tess, but he did not forgive Tess on the situation the fault is not Tess, but Alec. He has not a little sympathy on Tess, which force Tess came back to Alec.Fifthly, Tess’s tragic is also related by her own personality.Tess is a brand-new woman created by hardy, she has dual personality. On the one hand, she dares to against the hypocrisy of traditional moral and religious, On the other hand, cannot completely get rid of the traditional ethics of their own. Because Tess was born in a peasant family, remaining some of the old farmer on moral and destiny view that she appeared when traditional moral against the weak side. when she treated with the secular public opinion, she also think herself is guilty. Tess, as a certain historical period of the individual, must be particular historical period of social consciousness and moral concepts, she thought and action are bound by age and social consciousness.From above all, the tragedy of Tess have social reason also have her own personality reason, but all these reasons are directly linked with the bourgeoisie society, it’s the kinds of reflects of the society. Her destroy is inevitably in the bourgeoisie society.6. Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe is a very influential novel in the enlightenment period of the English literature. It depicts Crusoe as a figure of middle class who makes success through his hard work. Discuss the social reason why the novel becomes so successful.Robinson Crusoe is supposedly based on the real adventure of an Alexander Selkirk who once stayed alone on the uninhabited island Huan Fernandez for five years. Factually, the story is an imagination. In the story the author describes inviting plots of Robinson Crusoe who survives and lives quite well on an island after the shipwreck. In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson Crusoe from a naïve and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson here is a real hero: a typical eighteenth century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. Robinson Crusoe is an adventure story in the spirit of the time. So when it was published, people all liked that story, and it became an immediate success.7. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen explored three kinds of motivations of marriage the middle-class people had in the second half of the 18th century. Say something about this novel and try to make a discussion about the three kinds of motivations with specific examples from the novel. Make comments on Austen’s attitude towards these motivations.First, there is marriage merely for fortune, money and social rank. This is to be found in Miss Bingley’s pursuit of Darcy, Lady de Bourgh’s intention to marriage between her daughter and Darcy, and in Charlotte Lucas’marriage to Mr.Collins. The snobbery and vanity of the rich and the practicality of the poor gentry women are fully accounted for.The second is the tendency to marry for beauty, attraction and passion regardless of economic conditions or personal merits. This is generally known as Mr.Bennet and Mrs. Bennet who has a beautiful face but an empty head and of their youngest daughter Lydia to the handsome, charming but morally weak and penniless Wickham. The terrible aftermath of such marriage is only too obvious in the marriage of the two generations of the Bennet.Lastly comes the idea marriage, which is a love match with considerations of the lover’s personal merits and economic conditions. Such perfect happinessis to be found in the marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth and that of Mr.Bingley and Jane, although the satisfaction of both the personal and economic conditions like this is really a bit too idealistic.What Jane Austen tries to say is that it is wrong to marry just for money or for beauty, but it is also wrong to marry without consideration of economic conditions. Of the three types, she prefers the the last one. And in the last type, she seems to give her particular preference to the marriage of Darcy and Elizabeth.28. What is the social significance of The Canterbury Tales?The Canterbury Tales has its social significance in several ways. ①It represents the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie people’s right to pursue earthly happiness is affirmed by Chaucer. ②the ideas of humanism are shown in C haucer’s praising of man’s energy ,intellect, wit and love of love. ③Chaucer exposed and satirized the evils of the time. ④the corruption of the church is vigorously attacked. ⑤Chaucer showed sympathy for the poor to some extent. ⑥Chaucer established the language of literature.36.John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress is generally regarded as a religious allegory. Say briefly about thisbook and what does the work symbolically concern? What is the predominant metaphor that is carried on through the whole work? And what is the author’s purpose in writing such a book?A. It concerns the search for spiritual salvation.B. “That life is a journey” is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines.C. The author’s purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and to seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weakness and all kinds of evils.ment on Jane Austen’s characte ristics of her novels.1. Jane Austen is one of the realistic novelists. She drew vivid and realistic pictures ofeveryday life of the country society in her novels.2. Jane Austen’s main concern is about human beings in their personal relations, human beingswith their families and neighbors. Stories of love and marriage provide the framework for all her novels and in them woman are always taken as the major characters.3. Jane Austen’s work has a very narrow literary field. She confines herself to small countryparishes, whose simple country people become the characters of her novels, but within her own field, she is unrivaled.4. Her novels show a wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire. Her plots are straight-forward.There is little action. Her characters are like real living creatures, with faults and virtues mixed as they are in real life. Jane Austen is successful in the employment of irony and frequent use of witty and delightful dialogues.。
英国文学试题及答案
英国文学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上的一位重要剧作家，他的作品包括以下哪些？A. 《哈姆雷特》B. 《悲惨世界》C. 《麦克白》D. 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》答案：A, C, D2. 以下哪位作家被认为是现代主义文学的先驱？A. 乔治·奥威尔B. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫C. 简·奥斯汀D. 托马斯·哈代答案：B3. 《傲慢与偏见》是哪位作家的作品？A. 简·奥斯汀B. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特C. 艾米莉·勃朗特D. 玛丽·雪莱答案：A4. 以下哪部作品是查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作之一？A. 《大卫·科波菲尔》B. 《简·爱》C. 《呼啸山庄》D. 《弗兰肯斯坦》答案：A5. 以下哪部作品被认为是英国文学中的“现代史诗”？A. 《荒原》B. 《尤利西斯》C. 《追忆似水年华》D. 《百年孤独》答案：A二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯在《_______》中表达了对自然的热爱。
答案：《抒情歌谣集》7. 《简·爱》的作者是_______，她通过这部小说探讨了女性独立和自尊的主题。
答案：夏洛蒂·勃朗特8. 乔治·奥威尔的《1984》描绘了一个_______的社会，其中“老大哥”是无所不在的统治者。
答案：极权主义9. 托马斯·哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》讲述了一个关于_______、爱情和社会道德的故事。
答案：命运10. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《到灯塔去》是一部_______小说，以其流意识的叙述技巧而著名。
答案：现代主义三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述威廉·莎士比亚的戏剧创作特点。
答案：威廉·莎士比亚的戏剧创作特点包括深刻的人性探讨，丰富的人物性格，复杂的情节构造，以及对语言的精湛运用。
(完整word版)英国文学问答题
英国文学问答题Chapter I Renaissance Period1.What are the common characteristics shared by the characters created by Marlowe? In what wayis Marlowe a humanist writer? (p。
21)Marlowe reveals man’s pursue of happiness, knowledge and power。
In this way， Marlowe a humanist writer2.What kind of character is Faustus？Dr。
Faustus is the hero created by Marlowe。
He is one of the Renaissance heroes in Marlowe’s plays. He is individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from God. He shows Marlow’s human istic idea of human dignity and capacity. In portraying Faustus, an introspective and philosophical figure, Marlowe praises his soaring aspiration of knowledge while warning against the sin of pride since Faustus's downfall was caused by his despair in God and trust in Devil.3.Please analyze briefly Hamlet’s character features。
英国文学问答
1.What are the general characteristics of the literature of the Romantic Age?Answer:(1) Love of Nature:The Romantics greatly emphasized on the importance of nature, and one of the main characteristics of Romanticism in poetry is the beauty of nature found in the country life. Nature was not only appreciated for its physical beauty by the Romantics, but also for its ability to help the urban man find his true identity.(2) T he power of Emotions:The Romantic writers trusted their emotions and feelings to create poetry. This belief can be confirmed from the definition of poetry by William Wordsworth, where he says that "poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings".(3) Artist, the Creator(Individualism):As the Romantic period emphasized on emotions, the position or role of the artist or the poet also gained supremacy. The poet or artist was seen as a creator of a piece of work which reflected his individuality and inner mind. It was also for the first time that the poems written in the first person were being accepted, as the poetic persona became one with the voice of the poet.(4) Nationalism:The Romantics developed a sense of Nationalism which reflected in their works. For example, the language used in Romantic poems were simple which was usually used by the masses or the common people in everyday life.(5) Exoticism:T he Romantics even developed the love of the exotic. In many of the literary works of that period, the far off and mysterious locations were depicted. The people did not know about the folklore of the exotic locations before, and so they seemed to be as vague as the far away places.(6) Supernatural:The Romantics were interested in the supernatural and included it in their works. This fascination for the mysterious and the unreal also lead to the development of the Gothic romance which became popular during this period. Supernatural elements can be seen in Coleridge's, 'Kubla Khan'.2.Which work marked the beginning of the Romantic Age?Answer:The publication of the Lyrical Ballads marked the break with the conventional poetic tradition of the 18th century, i.e., with Classicism, and the beginning of the Romantic revival in England.3.Why did the romanticists fall into two groups the Active and the Passive?Answer:Owing to difference in social and political attitudes, they split into two schools. The passive romanticists, represented by Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey,reflected the thinking of classes ruined by bourgeoisie, and by way of protest against capitalist development turned to the feudal past.The active romanticists, represented by Byron, Shelley and Keats, expressed the aspirations of the classes created by capitalism and held out an ideal, though a vague one, of a future society free from oppression and exploitation.4.Who was the great historical novelist of the Romantic Age?Answer:Walter Scott is the greatest historical novelist of the Romantic Age,who marked the transition from romanticism in English literature of the 19th century.5.Who was the best essayist of the Romantic Age?Answer:Charles Lamb is the greatest essayist of the Romantic Age.6.Why do we call Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey Lake Poets?Answer:Because they lived in the Lake District of in the northwestern part of England. The three traversed the same path in politics and in poetry, beginning as radicals and closing as conservatives.7.Give a brief comment on Wordsworth and Coleridge..Answer:(1) Wordsworth is the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, the focal poetic voice of the period.The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature.(2) Coleridge was esteemed by some of his contemporaries and is generally recognized today as a lyrical poet and literary critic of the first rank.Coleridge is a great Romantic poet. His poetic imagination is unique. He is fond of unusual and supernatural things.Coleridge is one of the first critics to pay close attention to language of poetry. He maintains that the true end of poetry is to give pleasure “through the medium of beauty”.08级英语普本4班11号史聪珊。
英国文学试题及答案
英国文学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 英国文学中，被誉为“英国文学之父”的诗人是：A. 乔叟B. 莎士比亚C. 弥尔顿D. 拜伦答案：A2. 下列哪部作品是托马斯·哈代的代表作？A. 《简·爱》B. 《雾都孤儿》C. 《还乡》D. 《呼啸山庄》答案：C3. 英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯的诗歌中，经常描绘的是：A. 城市生活B. 乡村风光C. 工业革命D. 战争场面答案：B4. 英国现代主义文学的代表人物弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的代表作是：A. 《到灯塔去》B. 《了不起的盖茨比》C. 《尤利西斯》D. 《百年孤独》答案：A5. 下列哪位作家是英国戏剧的代表人物？A. 狄更斯B. 奥斯汀C. 萧伯纳D. 哈代答案：C二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）1. 英国文学史上第一部现实主义小说是丹尼尔·笛福的________。
答案：《鲁滨逊漂流记》2. 19世纪英国著名的女性小说家简·奥斯汀的代表作之一是________。
答案：《傲慢与偏见》3. 英国文学中，被称为“现代戏剧之父”的是________。
答案：乔治·萧伯纳4. 英国诗人约翰·济慈的著名诗作《夜莺颂》中，诗人通过夜莺的歌声表达了对________的向往。
答案：永恒的美和理想5. 英国文学中，被誉为“现代小说之父”的是________。
答案：亨利·詹姆斯三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述莎士比亚的四大悲剧及其主题。
答案：莎士比亚的四大悲剧包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》。
《哈姆雷特》探讨了复仇与道德的冲突；《奥赛罗》揭示了嫉妒与信任的破坏力；《李尔王》展示了权力与家庭关系的复杂性；《麦克白》则探讨了野心与人性的黑暗面。
2. 描述查尔斯·狄更斯的创作特点及其对后世的影响。
答案：查尔斯·狄更斯是19世纪英国著名的现实主义小说家，他的创作特点包括对社会底层人物的深刻同情、对英国社会现实的尖锐批判以及对人性复杂性的深刻揭示。
英国文学问答题汇总
英国文学问答题1.Shakespeare:Questions:1.Why sleep is so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it canthe heartach “ end”the thousand natural shocks ”?2.Why would people rather hear all the sufferings of the world instead choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?3.What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.4.What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection?5.What is Romeo and Juliet ' s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet?6.What does Romeo mean when he says “ Look thou but sweet, /aAmn dp Iroof againsttheir enmity”?7.What's your understanding on theu tterance to “be or not be”?8.Briefly comment on the characteristics of Hamlet ' s personality.9.When were Shakespeare 'msa jor tragedies written? What did he write about in his tragedies?Answers for reference:1.Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep.2.Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories ⋯3.1) Conscience and over-considerations. 2) He wants to revenge, but doesn'ktn ow how;2) He wants to kill his uncle, but find it too risky; 3) He lives in despair andwants to commit suicide, 4)however, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father ' s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma.4.Sun.5.They would give up their names for love ' s sake.6.Only if you are kind to me, their hatred cannot hurt me.7.“To be or not to be ” means to live or end one '-dse slitfreu cbtyio sne. lfHamlet has already spoken of suicide as a means of escape, and he dwells on it in a later partof thisvery speech, giving however a different reason for refraining. The notion that in the words “or not to be ” he is speculating on the possibility of “ somet”hin--g after death-whether there is a future life –cannot be entertained for a moment. The whole drift of the speech shows his belief in a future life. Practically the whole speech has become proverbial as an outpouring of utter worldly weariness.8.Hamlet is the typical of humanists under the pen of Shakespeare, who is characteristic of the perfection and perseverance in personality embodied in the Renaissance superman. As Ophelia tells us that he had been the ideal Renaissance prince___ a soldier, scholar, courtier, “ the glass of fashion and the mold of form. ” But since his father died and hismother hastily remarried, there is transition in his character. He was in the state of depression, melancholy and delay of revenging. Why? Because he realizes, as a humanist, what his real duty lies in. So he pretended to be mad, melancholy, depressed and slow in action. By large, he is very sensitive, resourceful and has his own ideas, and the essence of his revenging his father is not for himself or for the bloody family feuds and hatred but lies in punishing the social corruptions, the wrongs, praising the good, and setting it right. As humanist himself he is all alone, detaching himself from the mass, which is the major reason why he failed himself.9.Shakespeare ' s main tragedies were written during the period of gloom and depression, which dated from 1600 to 1607.Shakespeare ' s great tragedies are associated with a periogdlo o fm and sorrow in his life. During this period, England witnessed a general unrest, and social contradictions became very sharp. What caused the writer ' s personal sadness is unknown to us. It isgenerally attributed to the political misfortune of his friend and patron, Earl of Essex, who was killed by the queen.10.What was the keynote of the Renaissance? Can you define it?Answer : Humanism was the keynote of the Renaissance, reflecting the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class. The humanists advocated the emancipation of man, tried to have the new evaluation of man and his powers, fought for equality and justice and opposed feudal tyranny and religious obstinacy.11.What are Shakespeare ' s four great comedies and four great tragedies?Answer : The four great comedies: A Midsummer Night ' s Dream As You Like itThe Merchant of Venice Twelfth NightThe four great tragedies: Hamlet Othello King Lear Macbeth12.What is the theme of Shakespeare ' s Sonnet 18?Answer : Only literatur e ( “ eternal lines ” , “ this ” ) can contend with time, and literature is created byman, so in the final analysis, this poem glorifies man ' s greatness and immortality, which is a featureof the Renaissance Period.2.Bacon:13.According to Bacon, what studies chiefly serve for?14.According to Bacon, what are the disadvantages of studies?15.According to Bacon, what is the relationship between studies and life experiences?16.According to Bacon, different people have different attitudes toward studies, please name some.17.According to Bacon, what way should we have toward studies?18.According to Bacon, how studies exert influence over human character?19.Please list at least 4 major works written by Francis Bacon.Answers:13.Studies serve 1)for delight, 2)for ornament, and3) for ability. Their chief use for delight, is inprivateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business. (3points)14.1)To spend too much time in studies is sloth; 2)to use them too much for ornament, is affectation;3) to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. (3points)15.1)Studies perfect nature, and are perfectec by experience: 2)for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; 3)and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. (3points)16.1)Crafty men contemn studies, 2)simple men admire them, and 3)wise men use them; 4)forthey teach not their own use; 5)but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won byobservation.(3points)17.1)Read not to contradict and confute;2) nor to believe and take for granted; 3)nor to find talk and discourse;4) but to weigh and consider. (3points)18.1)Histories make men wise; 2)poets witty; 3)the mathematics subtile; 4)natural philosophy deep; 5)moral grave; 6)logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in morse. (3points)19.1)Advancement of Learning, 1605; 2)New Instrument,1620; 3)New Atlantis, 1626; 4)Essays,1625.(3points)3.Jane Austen:Questions:20. Why do you think of Mrs.Bennet? How can you characterize her?21. What do you known about Jane Austen ' s writing style?Answers for reference:20.1) She is mean, her only care is to marry her daughter to rich young men ; 2) She is simple and foolish, even cannot understand her husband ' s ironical words. 3) She loves her daughter , though she doesn ' t understand them ,but what she do is only for their happiness rather than herself.21.1) keen observation of society around her , good ear for conversation, use of mild, irony and penetrating analysis.2)Style, clarity, economy, skillful dialogue, tight plotting, simple and clear.3) Readers can find sth of themselves, comfort, tranquility, escape in her novels.22.Tell the story of Pride and Prejudice.Answer: Bingley, a rich bachelor, takes Netherfield Park, and brings there his friend Darcy. Bingley falls in love with Jane, and Darcy is attracted to her next sister Elizabeth, but offends her by his proud behavior. He proposes to her but is rejected. Her prejudice against him increases as more misunderstanding arises. After many twists and turns, however, things are cleared up, and the two couples are happily united.23.In Jane Austen ' s surroundings, what were the only important issues in life?Answer: In Jane Austen ' s surroundings, marriage, inheritance of property and maintenance of social prestige were the only important issues in life.24.On what issues were Jane Austen ' s novels centered?Answer: Her novels were centered on such issues as marriage, inheritance of property and maintenance of social prestige.25.From what book is the following paragraph taken? Who wrote it?“ Elizabeth, feeling all the more than common awkwardness and anxiety of his situation, now forced herself to speak; and immediately, though not very fluently, gave him to understand that hersentiments had undergone so material a change, since the period to which he alluded, as to make her receive with gratitude and pleasure his present assurances. The happiness which thisreply produced, was such as he had probably never felt before; and he expressed himself on the occasion as sensibly and as warmly as a man violently in love can be supposed to do. Had Elizabeth been able to encounter his eye, she might have seen how well the expression of heartfelt delight, diffused over his face, became him; but, though she could not look, she could listen, and he told her of feelings, which, in proving of what importance she was to him, made his affection every moment more valuable. ”Answer: It is taken from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen.26.Who said the following? From what book is it taken?“I cannot give you credit for any philosophy of the kind. Your retrospections must be so totally void of reproach, that the contentment arising from them is not of philosophy, but, what is much better, of innocence. But with me, it is not so. Painful recollections will intrude which cannot, which ought not, to be repelled. I have been a selfish being all my life, in practice, though not in principle. As a child I was taught what was right, but I was not taught to correct my temper. I was given good principles, but left to follow them in pride and conceit. Unfortunately an only son (for many years an only child), I was spoilt by my parents, who, though good themselves (my father, particularly, all that was benevolent and amiable), allowed, encouraged, almost taught me to be selfish and overbearing; to care for none beyond my own family circle; to think meanly of all the rest of the world; to wish at least to think meanly of their sense and worth compared with my own. Such I was, from eight to eight and twenty; and such I might still have been but for you, dearest, loveliest Elizabeth! What do I not owe you! You taught me a lesson, hard indeed at first, but most advantageous. By you, I was properly humbled. I came to you without a doubt of my reception. You showed me how insufficient were all my pretensions to please a woman worthy of being pleased. ”Answer: It was said by Darcy. It is taken from Pride and Prejudice.27.Do you agree with the statement “it is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife ”? Why?Answer : To make the statement really true, it would be better to omit “inp ossession of a goodfortune ”Th.e original statement actually is only the wishful thinking of Mrs. Bennet and is rather ironically amusing. Marriage and money have no relationship at all. We cannot define a man by his possession of fortune; marriage is something really holy and people marry because they fall in love with each other, not with money4.Charlotte Bronte:Questions:28.What' s the theme in Jane Eyre?29.Please show your understanding on the love between Jane Eyre and Mr Rochester .Answers for reference:28. 1) Jane Eyre is not only a love story; 2) it is also a plea for the recognition of theindividual worth and 3) sex equality that Women attempt to assert their own identity within the male- dominated society.29. Though poor and plain, Jane Eyre, who had a strong will of life, tried hard to get her rightsof equality. She left the man very much who was about 20 years older than she and richer. She just wanted him to treat her equally. She was great because her love made disillusionedRochester happy again. Mr. Rochester was a man full of life 's misery, yet he loved Jane truly and respected her very much. That 's why he got her love.30.Why does Jane Eyre decide to stay with Mr. Rochester?Answer : She has always loved him. She doesn 'ret ally want to marry St John. She once left Mr. Rochester because he was already married to Bertha, not because she stopped loving him. The call she hears at the window of “ Jane! Jane! ” makes her think Rochester is in trouble, so she goes back to findhim.31.Tell the story of Jane Eyre.Answer: Jane becomes a governess for Rochester, who falls in love with her, and she with him. They are about to be married when Jane, learning that Rochester has a wife, a lunatic, flees from the house. She is taken in and cared for by Rev. Rivers. Meanwhile, a great misfortune befalls Rochester: he loses his sight during a fire in the house, set by his mad wife. Hearing that Rochester is penniless and disabled, Jane Eyre hurries to him and becomes his wife.32.Why is Jane Eyre so popular?Answer: The heroine is plain and poor; the heroine is the first female character to claim the right to feel strongly about her emotions and act on her convictions; such a psychologically complex heroine had never been created before.33.Who said the following? From what book is it taken?“ Cruel, cruel deserter! Oh, Jane, what did I feel when I discovered you had fled from Thornfield, and when I could nowhere find you; and, after examining your apartment, ascertained that you had taken no money, nor anything which could serve as an equivalent! A pearl necklace I had given you lay untouched in its little casket; your trunks were left corded and locked as they had been prepared for the bridal tour. What could my darling do, I asked, left destitute and penniless? And what did she do? Let me hear now. ”Answer: It was said by Mr. Rochester. It is taken from Jane Eyre.5.Charles Dickens:Questions:34.How do you understand Pip ' s so called “ Great Expectation ” ?35.Please explain the reason thatG reat Expectation is a so-called bildungsroman or growth novel. Answers for reference:( 简略版)34. 1) W hen he was young, he wanted to become a blacksmith like Joe, his brother in law. 2) When he metHavisham and fell in love with Estella, his expectations changed: to raise his social status and become a gentleman,get a better education and then marry Estella. 3) When Pip discovered that his benefactor was in fact a convict, his “ great expectation ”turnedbubble, beautiful but transient. Pip finally realized the money and social status is not the most important thing in life. W hat' i s m portant is love and loyalty. M an's true value has nothing to do with his money and status.35. It is the novel of the growth and development of the hero Pip. There is absence of parents forPip who is raised by his sister and brother-in-law; As a gentleman, Pip condescends people of lower class, losing sight of the generous, kind aspect of being a gentleman; He is tested and drawn to destructive love etc.36.Tell the story of the excerpt from Great Expectations you have read.Answer : One night, a familiar figure comes into Pip - the' cosn rvoioctm M a–gwitch, who surprises Pip by saying that he, not Miss Havisham, is the source of Pip 's fortune. He tellsthat he was so moved by Pip ' boyhood kindness that he had diesd l i cfea t eod m haking Pip a gentleman, and made a fortune in Australia for that very purpose. Magwitch is caught and sentenced to death, and Pip loses his fortune.37.What is the theme of the excerpt from Great Expectations you have read? Answer : Affection, loyalty, and conscience were considered more important than social advancement and wealth38.From what book is the following paragraph taken? Who wrote it?“ Nothing was needed but thi；s the wretched man，after loading wretched me with his gold and silver chains for years, had risked his life to come to me, and I held it there in mykeeping ！If I had loved him instead of abhorring him; if I had been attracted to him by the strongest admiration and affection ，instead of shrinking from him with the strongest repugnance ；it could have been no worse. On the contrary，it would have been better，for his preservation would then have naturally and tenderly addressed my heart. ”Answer : It is taken from Great Expectations by Charles Dickens.39.How do you evaluate the meeting of Pip with Magwitch?Answer : The reappearance of the convict reveals that he, not Miss Havisham, is Pip ' s secret benefactor. This revelation deflates Pip ' s hopesfo trh aEts ht e l lais, maneda nitt completelycollapses the stark social divisions that have defined him in the novel. The fulfillment of his hope of being raised to a higher social class turns out to be the work of a man from a class even lower than his own.6.Thomas Hardy:Questions:40.What do you think causes Tess ' s tragedy?41.Please comment briefly on the fate of Tess in Tess of the D ' Urberv.i lles Answers for reference:40. 1) Tess was an innocent, pure girl. She was honest and sweet-natured and full of love for her familyand sympathy for others.2) the poverty of her family, the social environment and the collapse of the Agricultural economy; horse killed---claim kin 3) the double moral standard between men and women of that patriarchal society, “ chastity =pour rwityomen.4”) F oisr only fsuch a girl as Tess, her life was something that she couldn ' t control, chance of some unknown forces determined everything.41. Tess is actually a victim of her society. Hardy created the heroine Tess just to criticize the societyin his time. Tess is a tragic person simply because she is not accepted by the society in which agriculture is menaced by the forces of invading capitalism. So in a way, Tess ' fate isdecidher society.42.What is the significance of Tess resting on an altar in the heathen temple?Answer: She is the sacrifice of the social conventions and prejudice which society has placed upon her In Hardy s' eyes, she is the epitome of the purity of women, as pure as the sacrifices which are placed upon the altar. She knows that the fate which is about to befall upon her is just like the sacrifices on the altar unable to escape death. Her death is caused by human hypocrisy and foolishness, similar to that of a sacrifice.ment on this sentence: “ Justice was done, and the tP orfe tshied eImn mortals hadendedhis sport with Tess. ”Answer: The whole story is filled with a feeling of dismal foreboding and doom. Fateful circumstances and tragic coincidences abound in the book. In a way, Tess seems to be led to her final destruction step by step by fate. Coincidence adds one “ wrong ” to another until she is caught up in adead-end. To fully understand the novel, we have to take into consideration both its critical realist and naturalistic significance.44.What are themes of Tess of the D ' Urbervilles?Answer: They are the bold exposure of the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society, the bitter denunciation of the capitalist invasion into the country and the destruction of the English peasantry towards the end of the nineteenth century.ment on the fate of Tess.Answer: On one hand, Tess 's fate is personal, because she happens to be so beautiful, so pure, so innocent, so obedient, and so poor. On the other hand, her fate is a social one. It can be the fate of any country girl like her. It can be the fate of all the peasants who are driven out of their land and home and forced to seek somewhere else for sustenance.46.Why do we say that Tess is a victim of society?Answer: Tess, the heroine, is depicted as a victim of society. Being a beautiful, innocent, honest,sweet-natured, and hard-working country girl, she is easily taken in and abused by the hypocritical bourgeoisie, constantly suppressed by the social conventions and moral values of the day, and eventually executed by the unfair legal system of society.。
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英国文学问答题1.Shakespeare:Questions:1. Why sleep is so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?2. Why would people rather hear all the sufferings of the world instead choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.4. What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection?5. What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet?6.What does Romeo mean when he says “Look thou but sweet, /And I am proof against their enmity”?7.What’s your understanding on the utterance “to be or not be”?8. Briefly comment on th e characteristics of Hamlet’s personality.9.When were Shakespeare’s major tragedies written? What did he write about in his tragedies?Answers for reference:1. Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep.2.Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…3.1) Conscience and over-considerations. 2) He wants to revenge, but doesn’t knowhow; 2) He wants to kill his uncle, but find it too risky; 3) He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide, 4)however, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma.4. Sun.5. They would give up their names for love’s sake.6. Only if you are kind to me, their hatred cannot hurt me.7. “To be or not to be” means to live or end one’s life by self-destruction. Hamlet has already spoken of suicide as a means of escape, and he dwells on it in a later part of thisvery speech, giving however a different reason for refraining. The notion that in the words “or not to be ”he is speculating on the possibility of “something after death”---whether there is a future life –cannot be entertained for a moment. The whole drift of the speech shows his belief in a future life. Practically the whole speech has become proverbial as an outpouring of utter worldly weariness.8. Hamlet is the typical of humanists under the pen of Shakespeare, who is characteristic of the perfection and perseverance in personality embodied in the Renaissance superman. As Ophelia tells us that he had been the ideal Renaissance prince___ a soldier, scholar, courtier, “the glass of fashion and the mold of form.” But since his father died and his mother hastily remarried, there is transition in his character. He was in the state of depression, melancholy and delay of revenging. Why? Because he realizes, as a humanist, what his real duty lies in. So he pretended to be mad, melancholy, depressed and slow in action. By large, he is very sensitive, resourceful and has his own ideas, and the essence of his revenging his father is not for himself or for the bloody family feuds and hatred but lies in punishing the social corruptions, the wrongs, praising the good, and setting it right. As humanist himself he is all alone, detaching himself from the mass, which is the major reason why he failed himself.9. Shakespeare’s main tragedies were written during the period of gloom and depression, which dated from 1600 to 1607.Shakespeare’s great tragedies are associated with a period of gloom and sorrow in his life. During this period, England witnessed a general unrest, and social contradictions became very sharp. What caused the writer’s personal sadness is unknown to us. It is generally attributed to the political misfortune of his friend and patron, Earl of Essex, who was killed by the queen.10.What was the keynote of the Renaissance? Can you define it?Answer: Humanism was the keynote of the Renaissance, reflecting the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class. The humanists advocated the emancipation of man, tried to have the new evaluation of man and his powers, fought for equality and justice and opposed feudal tyranny and religious obstinacy.11.What are Shakespeare’s four great comedies and four great tragedies?Answer: The four great comedies: A Midsummer Night’s Dream As You Like itThe Merchant of Venice Twelfth NightThe four great tragedies: Hamlet Othello King Lear Macbeth12.What is the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18?Answer: Only literatur e (“eternal lines”, “this”) can contend with time, and literature is created by man, so in the final analysis, this poem glorifies man’s greatness and immortality, which is a feature of the Renaissance Period.2.Bacon:13.According to Bacon, what studies chiefly serve for?14.According to Bacon, what are the disadvantages of studies?15.According to Bacon, what is the relationship between studies and life experiences?16.According to Bacon, different people have different attitudes toward studies, please name some.17.According to Bacon, what way should we have toward studies?18.According to Bacon, how studies exert influence over human character?19.Please list at least 4 major works written by Francis Bacon.Answers:13.Studies serve 1)for delight, 2)for ornament, and3) for ability. Their chief use for delight, is inprivateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business. (3points)14.1)To spend too much time in studies is sloth; 2)to use them too much for ornament, is affectation;3) to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. (3points)15.1)Studies perfect nature, and are perfectec by experience: 2)for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; 3)and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. (3points)16.1)Crafty men contemn studies, 2)simple men admire them, and 3)wise men use them; 4)for they teach not their own use; 5)but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.(3points)17.1)Read not to contradict and confute;2) nor to believe and take for granted; 3)nor to find talk and discourse;4) but to weigh and consider. (3points)18.1)Histories make men wise; 2)poets witty; 3)the mathematics subtile; 4)natural philosophy deep; 5)moral grave; 6)logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in morse. (3points)19.1)Advancement of Learning, 1605; 2)New Instrument,1620; 3)New Atlantis, 1626; 4)Essays, 1625.(3points)3.Jane Austen:Questions:20. Why do you think of Mrs.Bennet? How can you characterize her?21. What do you known about Jane Austen’s writing style?Answers for reference:20. 1) She is mean, her only care is to marry her daughter to rich young men ; 2) She is simple and foolish, even cannot understand her husband’s ironical words. 3) She loves her daughter , though she doesn’t understand them ,but what she do is only for their happiness rather than herself.21. 1) keen observation of society around her , good ear for conversation, use of mild, irony and penetrating analysis.2)Style, clarity, economy, skillful dialogue, tight plotting, simple and clear. 3）Readers can find sth of themselves, comfort, tranquility, escape in her novels.22.Tell the story of Pride and Prejudice.Answer: Bingley, a rich bachelor, takes Netherfield Park, and brings there his friend Darcy. Bingley falls in love with Jane, and Darcy is attracted to her next sister Elizabeth, but offends her by his proud behavior. He proposes to her but is rejected. Her prejudice against him increases as more misunderstanding arises. After many twists and turns, however, things are cleared up, and the two couples are happily united.23.In Jane Austen’s surroundings, what were the only important issues in life?Answer: In Jane Aus ten’s surroundings, marriage, inheritance of property and maintenance of social prestige were the only important issues in life.24. On what issues were Jane Austen’s novels centered?Answer: Her novels were centered on such issues as marriage, inheritance of property and maintenance of social prestige.25. From what book is the following paragraph taken? Who wrote it?“Elizabeth, feeling all the more than common awkwardness and anxiety of his situation, now forced herself to speak; and immediately, though not very fluently, gave him to understand that her sentiments had undergone so material a change, since the period to which he alluded, as to make her receive with gratitude and pleasure his present assurances. The happiness which thisreply produced, was such as he had probably never felt before; and he expressed himself on the occasion as sensibly and as warmly as a man violently in love can be supposed to do. Had Elizabeth been able to encounter his eye, she might have seen how well the expression of heartfelt delight, diffused over his face, became him; but, though she could not look, she could listen, and he told her of feelings, which, in proving of what importance she was to him, made his affection every moment more valuable.”Answer: It is taken from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen.26. Who said the following? From what book is it taken?“I cannot give you credit for any philosophy of the kind. Your retrospections must be so totally void of reproach, that the contentment arising from them is not of philosophy, but, what is much better, of innocence. But with me, it is not so. Painful recollections will intrude which cannot, which ought not, to be repelled. I have been a selfish being all my life, in practice, though not in principle. As a child I was taught what was right, but I was not taught to correct my temper. I was given good principles, but left to follow them in pride and conceit. Unfortunately an only son (for many years an only child), I was spoilt by my parents, who, though good themselves (my father, particularly, all that was benevolent and amiable), allowed, encouraged, almost taught me to be selfish and overbearing; to care for none beyond my own family circle; to think meanly of all the rest of the world; to wish at least to think meanly of their sense and worth compared with my own. Such I was, from eight to eight and twenty; and such I might still have been but for you, dearest, loveliest Elizabeth! What do I not owe you! You taught me a lesson, hard indeed at first, but most advantageous. By you, I was properly humbled. I came to you without a doubt of my reception. You showed me how insufficient were all my pretensions to please a woman worthy of being pleased.”Answer: It was said by Darcy. It is taken from Pride and Prejudice.27. D o you agree with the statement “it is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife”? Why?Answer: To make the statement really true, it would be better to omit “in possession of a g ood fortune”. The original statement actually is only the wishful thinking of Mrs. Bennet and is rather ironically amusing. Marriage and money have no relationship at all. We cannot define a man by his possession of fortune; marriage is something really holy and people marry because they fall in love with each other, not with money4.Charlotte Bronte:Questions:28.What’s the theme in Jane Eyre?29.Please show your understanding on the love between Jane Eyre and Mr Rochester . Answers for reference:28.1) Jane Ey re is not only a love story; 2) it is also a plea for the recognition of the individual’sworth and 3) sex equality that Women attempt to assert their own identity within the male-dominated society.29.Though poor and plain, Jane Eyre, who had a strong will of life, tried hard to get her rights ofequality. She left the man very much who was about 20 years older than she and richer. She just wanted him to treat her equally. She was great because her love made disillusionedRochester happy again. Mr. Rochester was a man full of life’s misery, yet he loved Jane truly and respected her very much. That’s why he got her love.30. Why does Jane Eyre decide to stay with Mr. Rochester?Answer: She has always loved him. She doesn’t really want to marry St John. She once le ft Mr. Rochester because he was already married to Bertha, not because she stopped loving him. The call she hears at the window of “Jane! Jane!” makes her think Rochester is in trouble, so she goes back to find him.31.Tell the story of Jane Eyre.Answer: Jane becomes a governess for Rochester, who falls in love with her, and she with him. They are about to be married when Jane, learning that Rochester has a wife, a lunatic, flees from the house. She is taken in and cared for by Rev. Rivers. Meanwhile, a great misfortune befalls Rochester: he loses his sight during a fire in the house, set by his mad wife. Hearing that Rochester is penniless and disabled, Jane Eyre hurries to him and becomes his wife.32.Why is Jane Eyre so popular?Answer: The heroine is plain and poor; the heroine is the first female character to claim the right to feel strongly about her emotions and act on her convictions; such a psychologically complex heroine had never been created before.33. Who said the following? From what book is it taken?“Cruel, cruel deserter! Oh, Jane, what did I feel when I discovered you had fled from Thornfield, and when I could nowhere find you; and, after examining your apartment, ascertained that you had taken no money, nor anything which could serve as an equivalent! A pearl necklace I had given you lay untouched in its little casket; your trunks were left corded and locked as they had been prepared for the bridal tour. What could my darling do, I asked, left destitute and penniless? And what did she do? Let me hear now.”Answer: It was said by Mr. Rochester. It is taken from Jane Eyre.5.Charles Dickens:Questions:34. How do you understand Pip’s so called “Great Expectation”?35. Please explain the reason that Great Expectation is a so-called bildungsroman or growth novel.Answers for reference:(简略版)34.1) W hen he was young,he wanted to become a blacksmith like Joe, his brother in law. 2) Whenhe met Havisham and fell in love with Estella, his expectations changed: to raise his social status and become a gentleman,get a better education and then marry Estella. 3) When Pipdiscovered that his benefactor was in fact a convict, his “great expectation” turned out to be bubble, beautiful but transient. Pip finally realized the money and social status is not the most important thing in life. W hat’s important is love and loyalty. M an's true value has nothing to do with his money and status.35.It is the novel of the growth and development of the hero Pip. There is absence of parents forPip who is raised by his sister and brother-in-law; As a gentleman, Pip condescends people of lower class, losing sight of the generous, kind aspect of being a gentleman; He is tested and drawn to destructive love etc.36.Tell the story of the excerpt from Great Expectations you have read.Answer: One night, a familiar figure comes into Pip’s room –- the convict Magwitch, who surprises Pip by saying that he, not Miss Havisham, is the source of Pip’s fortune. He tells Pip that he was so moved by Pip’ boyhood kindness that he had dedicated h is life to making Pip a gentleman, and made a fortune in Australia for that very purpose. Magwitch is caught and sentenced to death, and Pip loses his fortune.37.What is the theme of the excerpt from Great Expectations you have read?Answer: Affection, loyalty, and conscience were considered more important than social advancement and wealth38.From what book is the following paragraph taken? Who wrote it?“Nothing was needed but this； the wretched man， after loading wretched me with his gold and silver chains for years, had risked his life to come to me, and I held it there in my keeping！If I had loved him instead of abhorring him; if I had been attracted to him by the strongest admiration and affection，instead of shrinking from him with the strongest repugnance； it could have been no worse. On the contrary， it would have been better，for his preservation would then have naturally and tenderly addressed my heart.”Answer: It is taken from Great Expectations by Charles Dickens.39.How do you evaluate the meeting of Pip with Magwitch?Answer: The reappearance of the convict reveals that he, not Miss Havisham, is Pip’s secret benefactor. This revelation deflates Pip’s hopes that he is meant for Estella, and it completely collapses the stark social divisions that have defined him in the novel. The fulfillment of his hope of being raised to a higher social class turns out to be the work of a man from a class even lower than his own.6.Thomas Hardy:Questions:40.What do you think causes Tess’s tragedy?41.Please comment briefly on the fate of Tess in Tess of the D’Urbervilles.Answers for reference:40.1) Tess was an innocent, pure girl. She was honest and sweet-natured and full of love for herfamily and sympathy for others.2) the poverty of her family, the social environment and the collapse of the Agricultural economy; horse killed---claim kin 3) the double moral standard between men and women of that patriarchal society, “chastity =purity” is only f or women.4) For such a girl as Tess, her life was something that she couldn’t control, chance of some unknown forces determined everything.41. Tess is actually a victim of her society. Hardy created the heroine Tess just to criticize the societyin his time. Tess is a tragic person simply because she is not accepted by the society in which agriculture is menaced by the forces of invading capitalism. So in a way, Tess’ fate is decided by her society.42.What is the significance of Tess resting on an altar in the heathen temple?Answer: She is the sacrifice of the social conventions and prejudice which society has placed upon her In Hardy’s eyes, she is the epitome of the purity of women, as pure as the sacrifices which are placed upon the altar. She knows that the fate which is about to befall upon her is just like the sacrifices on the altar unable to escape death. Her death is caused by human hypocrisy and foolishness, similar to that of a sacrifice.ment on this sentence: “Justice was done, and the Presiden t of the Immortals hadendedhis sport with Tess.”Answer: The whole story is filled with a feeling of dismal foreboding and doom. Fateful circumstances and tragic coincidences abound in the book. In a way, Tess seems to be led to her final destruction st ep by step by fate. Coincidence adds one “wrong” to another until she is caught up in a dead-end. To fully understand the novel, we have to take into consideration both its critical realist and naturalistic significance.44.What are themes of Tess of the D’Urbervilles?Answer: They are the bold exposure of the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society, the bitter denunciation of the capitalist invasion into the country and the destruction of the English peasantry towards the end of the nineteenth century.ment on the fate of Tess.Answer: On one hand, Tess’s fate is personal, because she happens to be so beautiful, so pure, so innocent, so obedient, and so poor. On the other hand, her fate is a social one. It can be the fate of any country girl like her. It can be the fate of all the peasants who are driven out of their land and home and forced to seek somewhere else for sustenance.46.Why do we say that Tess is a victim of society?Answer: Tess, the heroine, is depicted as a victim of society. Being a beautiful, innocent, honest, sweet-natured, and hard-working country girl, she is easily taken in and abused by the hypocritical bourgeoisie, constantly suppressed by the social conventions and moral values of the day, and eventually executed by the unfair legal system of society.。