2019年山西教师招聘考试笔试备考指导(英语学科)
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2019年山西教师招聘考试笔试备考指导考点·冠词
1.不定冠词的用法:
用在单数可数名词前,指一类人或事,相当于a kind of (A plane is a machine that can fly.);表示“每一,一”相当于every / one;用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事;用于quite / rather / many / half / what / such之后;用于so (as, too, how)+形容词之后。
注意:a和an的用法区别,“以元音音素开头的用an,以辅音音素开头的用a”。
2.定冠词的用法:
用于单数可数名词前,表示某一类人或物(The horse is a useful animal.);用于乐器前面;用于姓氏的复数前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇”;用于序数词和形容词、副词的比较级和最高级前。
3.零冠词的用法
名词前有this / my / whose / some / no / each / every等限制词;季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前;学科、语言、球类、棋类名词前;与by连用表示交通工具的名词前。
【例题】
Mo Yan, whose real name is Guan Moye, has been awarded _____ 2012 Nobel Prize in _____ Literature.
A. a; a
B. the; /
C. the; a
D. the; the
【中公解析】
【答案】B。
解析:考查冠词。
第一空为特指,the 2012 Nobel Prize;literature为不可数名词,且表泛指,其前不用冠词。
句意:莫言,真实的名字是管谟业,被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖。
故选B。
考点·形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级、比较级和最高级。
比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most;形容词的最高级前面要加定冠词the。
1.同级比较时常常用as…as…以及not so (as)…as…和the same as。
如:
I am not so good a player as you are.
2.可以修饰比较级的词有:much, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。
3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。
如:
The harder you work, the more progress you will make.
4.用比较级来表达最高级的意思。
如:
★直接使用比较级
How beautiful she sings! I’ve ne ver heard a better voice.
= She has the best voice I’ve ever heard.
any other +n. (单)
★比较级+than + the other + n. (复)
any of the other +n. (复)
① He works harder than any other student.
② She goes to school earlier than the other girls.
③ China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
★比较级+ than + anything / anyone else
Tom cared more for money than for anything else.
★在比较句型中使用“no, never, nobody, nothing” + 比较级等词。
① I have never spent a more worrying day.
② Nobody can do the work better than he did.
5.表示“最高程度”的形容词没有最高级和比较级。
如:favorite, excellent, extreme, perfect。
【例题】
The _____ you learn, the _____ you want to learn.
A. more; much
B. more; more
C. much; more
D. much; much
【中公解析】
【答案】B。
解析:考查形容词比较级。
句意:你学得越多,就想学得更多。
句型“the more …, the more …”表示“越……就越……”,结合语义此题选B。
考点·动词
1.情态动词
(1)may / might否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
(2)must表示“必须、一定”,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”。
(3)dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式为dared。
(4)can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上没能做某事”。
should have done表示对过去行为的推测“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”。
needn’t have done表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。
2.动词时态与语态
所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段,即:“现在、过去、将来、过去将来”四种;所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时所呈现的状态,有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态和完成进行状态四种。
由时态结合,便形成下列十六种时态:
(2)现在进行时代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。
The Yangtze River is flowing into the east.
(3)现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性。
---Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
---I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.
3.动词语态--主动表被动
(1)某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义,如look, smell, taste, feel, prove, sound等。
例:The flower smells sweet.
(2)某些及物动词后加副词,也可以表示被动意义,如cut, clean, draw, lock, open, pack, play, peel, sell, shut, split, strike, record, iron, keep等。
例:This type of TV sells well. The meat cuts easily.
(3)deserve, need, require, stand, want等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
若动名词是不及物的,后面应跟有介词。
例:The kids need taking care of. The table wants cleaning.
(4)某些作表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
例:The stone is hard to break. It is easy to understand.
【例题】
The last time I _____ Jane she _____ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen; was picking
B. saw; picked
C. had seen; picked
D. saw; was picking
【中公解析】
【答案】D。
解析:考查动词时态。
“我最近一次见到简的时候”是过去时态,叙述的是过去的事实,因此第一空使用动词的一般过去时;又因为第二空强调的是见到简时她正在做的动作,所以使用过去进行时。
故选D。
考点·词汇辨析
1. be used to, use to do和be used to doing的区别
(1)used to do表示“过去常常做某事”
I used to play football after school.过去我常常在放学后踢足球。
(2)be used to do表示“被用来做某事”
This knife can be used to cut things.这把刀能够被用于切东西。
(3)be used to + doing表示“习惯于……”,to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。
He is used to living in the country now.他现在习惯了住在农村。
2. spend, take, pay, cost的区别
(1)spend的主语通常是人,往往用于句型(sb.) spend some money/some time on sth. / (in) doing sth.如:
He spent three days on the work. = He spent three days (in) doing the work.
(2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。
句式是:It takes / took sb. some time to do sth = Sth. take(s) / took sb. some time. 如:
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses.
The work took me two days.
(3)pay为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,往往是sb. pay some money for sth.或pay sb. (some money for sth)。
如:
He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine.
How much did you pay him?
(4)cost的主语必须是某物。
句型是sth. cost (sb.) some money。
如:
The dictionary cost me £ 20.
3. rise, arise, raise, arouse的区别
rise, arise是不及物动词;raise, arouse是及物动词。
(1)rise (rose, risen) vi. 上升,升起,升高;上涨
说明主语自身移向较高位置,常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、温度、物价等,无被动语态。
如:
The moon has risen above the hills. 月亮已经从山上升起。
(2)arise (arose, arisen) vi.(问题,困难等)出现;发生,产生;主语一般为抽象名词,如problem, trouble, quarrel, difficulty, misunderstanding, disagreement。
常用短语:arise from / out of sth.由……引起;因……产生。
如:
They are talking about problems arising out of the lack of communication.
他们正在谈论由于缺乏交流而产生的问题。
(3)raise vt. 招募;养育,栽培;提高;举起;说明主语发出的动作是要作用于其他事物的,往往有使物体达到其应有的高度的含义。
可用于被动语态。
如:招募:to raise an army 养育、栽培:to raise a child
提高工资、租金:raise salaries/ the rent
举起手:raise one’s hand提出问题:raise a question
(4)arouse意为“激起,唤醒;使……奋发”,可用于被动语态。
如:
He was aroused from his sleep by the doorbell. 门铃声把他从睡眠中唤醒。
【例题】
--- How does Peter usually go to work?
--- He _____ drive a car, but now he _____ there to lose weight.
A. used to; is used to walk
B. was used to; is used to walk
C. was used to; is used to walk
D. used to; is used to walking
【中公解析】
【答案】D。
解析:考查动词短语辨析。
句意:Peter经常怎么去上班?他过去经常开车,但是现在为了减肥习惯走路去上班。
used to do“过去经常做某事”;be used to doing“习惯做某事”。
结合语境故选D。
考点·非谓语动词做定语的区别
1.不定式作定语
(1)不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作,完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.
(2)如果做定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。
Let’s first find a room to live in / put the things in.
We have nothing to worry about. (= There is nothing for us to worry about.)
2. -ing分词作定语
(1)-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行,否则,要用从句作定语。
Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?
Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday?
The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday.
★比较:
误:He is the man visiting our class yesterday.
正:He is the man who visited our class yesterday.
(2)单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置;强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。
例:
a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping)
a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping)
the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )
The girl singing is my classmate.
3. -ed分词作定语
-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成的动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作,-ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。
例:
a developed/developing country
He is a student loved by all the teachers.
The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.
4.像定语从句一样,分词作定语也有非限制性的,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.
The substance, discovered almost by accident, has greatly changed the world.
【例题】
There is a note pinned to the door _____ when the shop will open again.
A. saying
B. says
C. said
D. having said
【中公解析】
【答案】A。
解析:考查非谓语动词。
say 与其逻辑主语note之间属于主谓关系,故使用现在分词。
句意:门上钉了一个便条,上面写着商店何时再开门的字样。
故选A。
考点·定语从句
定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。
被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,它的作用:一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用;二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
1.关系代词的用法
(1)作主语用who, which和that,如:
a. He is the man who / that lives next door.
b. The train which / that has just left is for Shenzhen.
(2)作宾语用whom, who, which, that,如:
a. The man (whom / who / that) we have just seen is a famous writer.
b. Where is the book (which / that) I bought last week?
(3)作定语用whose,如:
a. He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
b. It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.
注:“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句),又能作宾语
(如上b句)。
whose 的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与of which 结构互换,词序是:“名词+of which”,如:
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which)
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)
(4)作表语只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。
如:
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
2.关系副词
(1)关系副词的用法
① when 指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有:
time, day, morning, night, week, year
如:I still remember the time when I first became a college student.
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
注:when时常可以省略,特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。
如:Each time he came, he did his best to help us.
But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.
② where指地点,在从句中作地点状语,它的先行词通常有:
place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等
如:This is the hotel where they are staying.
I forget the house where the Smiths lived.
注:where有时也可以省略。
如:
This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
③ why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有:
reason
如:That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
注:why时常也可以省略。
如:
That is the real reason he quitted.
(2)使用关系副词应注意下列几点:
①三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which.
如:I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
②当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较:
I’ll never forget th e day when my hometown was liberated.
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.
His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.
③ when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
而why
只能引导限制性定语从句。
3.连接词只用that的情况:
(1)先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词。
(2)先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时。
(3)先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时。
(4)先行词既指人又指物时。
(5)先行词被the only, the very修饰时。
(6)句中已经用who或which时,为了避免重复。
4.连接词只用which/ who/ whom的情况:
(1)在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who / whom指人。
(2)在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物(“介词+ which”一般在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语,于是“介词+ which”可以分别用when / where / why代替),whom指人。
(3)先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those / one / he时多用who。
5.定语从句注意事项
(1)whose的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但词序不同,即whose+名词=the +n + of which=of which + the + n.
He lives in the room whose window faces south.
= He lives in the room, the window of which faces south.
=He lives in the room, of which the window faces south.
(2)当point, situation, case, condition, stage (阶段)等词作先行词表示“情况、境地、场合”等意思时,用where引导定语从句,where在句中作状语。
如:
I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
(3)先行词是the way,意为“方式,方法”时,引导定语从句的关系词用that / in which 或省略。
如:
I didn’t like the way (that / in which) she talked to me.
【例题】
Yesterday Li Ming went to the village _____ he visited five years ago.
A. where
B. who
C. that
D. whom
【中公解析】
【答案】C。
解析:考查定语从句。
句意:昨天李明去了他五年前参观的那个村庄。
句中缺定语从句的关系词,先行词是village,指物,而且关系词在从句中做宾语,故此题选C。
where是关系副词,在句中做状语;who指代人,句中做主语和宾语;whom指代人,做宾语。
考点·强调句
1.强调句的类型
(1)用It is / was…that/ who…句型表示强调。
被强调的部分(通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语)放在is / was的后面,如被强调的是人,则后面可用who,whom等代替。
It was an old friend that / who he met in the park yesterday.
(2)not … until … 句型的强调句
句型为:It is / was not until + 被强调部分+ that + 其它部分。
如:
普通句:He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
注意:此句型只用until,不用till。
但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用,因为句型中It is/ was not… 已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。
(3)谓语动词的强调
It is / was … that … 结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do / does或did。
Do sit down. 请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊!
注意:此种强调只用do/ does和did,没有别的形式;过去时用did,后面的谓语动词用原形。
(4)从句的强调
①强调状语从句
I came home late because it was raining hard.
It was because it was raining hard that I came home late.
(注意:被强调的原因状语从句只能用because引导,不能用as或since引导)
②强调主语从句
What you said really made us sad.
It was what you said that really made us sad.
2.强调句型的判断
把“It, be, that”去掉,如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整(被强调部分要还原到原位置),那么这个句子就是强调句;如果句子不完整,则不是强调句。
如:
(1) It is he who/ that often helps me with my English.
(2) It is on the hillside that we plant trees every year.
(3) It was because of bad weather that the football match had to be put off.
分析:去掉It is/ was... that/ who 句子后结构仍然完整,句意仍明确,都是强调句。
(4) It was 9 o’clock when we came back.
(5) It was 3 hours since we had come back.
分析:在上面例句中若去掉It was... when / before / since等后,句子结构就不完整,而且强调句型的后半句只能由that/who引导,所以不是强调句。
3.强调句型注意事项
(1)句首词用“It”,不能用“This”,“That”等。
(2)若原句的谓语动词用了现在时或将来时,则用is;若原句的谓语动词用了过去时或过去完成时,则用was。
(3)被强调的部分如果是代词,强调主语用主格,强调宾语用宾格。
如:
① It is him that / who / whom I met in the street yesterday.
② It is I who / that made that decision.
(4)连接词一般用that,当强调部分是人时,既可用that也可用who。
特别注意当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时,不能用when或where。
如:
It was on Oct 1st, 1949 that People’s Republic of China was founded.
(5)主谓一致问题
被强调的主语要和that后面的谓语动词在数上保持一致。
(6)not… until 结构的强调:
强调“not…until”引导的时间状语时,要用“it is/was not until…that…”结构,that后面的句子要用肯定式,且须用陈述句语序。
如:
We did not get off the bus until it stopped.
It was not until it stopped that we got off the bus
【例题】
It was not until near the end of the letter ______ she mentioned her own plan.
A. that
B. where
C. why
D. when
【中公解析】
【答案】A。
解析:考查强调句型。
强调句的基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分,本句中强调的是状语从句所以用that。
句意:直到在这封信的末尾她才提到自己的计划。
故选A。
考点·倒装的用法
1.谓语的全部或部分(助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前的现象称为倒装。
2.“so / nor / neither + 助动词/情态动词/系动词+ 主语”与“so / nor / neither + 主语+ 助动词/情态动词/系动词”
(1)“so / nor / neither + 助动词/情态动词/系动词+ 主语”表示前面说过的情况也适用于另一个人或物时要部分倒装。
如:
Peter can’t answer the question. Neither can I.
(2)“so / nor / neither + 主语+ 助动词/情态动词/系动词”表示“确实……”,仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和。
如:
---The lights are still on in the classroom. You must have forgotten to turn them off.
--- So I did.
【例题】
Seldom _____ TV those days; instead, they chatted with each other after supper.
A. had they watched
B. they had watched
C. watched they
D. did they watch
【中公解析】
【答案】D。
解析:考查倒装。
否定副词放在句首,用部分倒装,即把助动词提前,另根据第二句时态,选一般过去时态,故选D。
考点·虚拟语气
if引导的虚拟条件句的结构
_____ for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be developing so fast as it is.
A. Had it not been
B. Were it not
C. Be it not
D. Should it not be
【中公解析】
【答案】A。
解析:考查虚拟语气的倒装。
句意:如果不是大家及时的投资,我们的公司不会发展的像现在一样快。
知识点:如果虚拟条件句中的if被省略时将会产生倒装,要把从句中的were, had 或should移到主语之前,且倒装只限于从句中有were, had 或should 这三个词时。
分析:从答案可以看出这句话是倒装句,并且是if引导的条件从句中的虚拟语气。
根据句意可知,公司的发展是要在得到投资这样的条件下才能实现,因为公司正在发展,所以“投资”的动作发生在过去,因而从句是对过去的虚拟。
故选A。
考点·完形填空
完形填空的考点梳理如下:
1.词汇角度
(1)考查固定搭配或习惯用语
(2)词义辨析:考查词汇的基本含义,最好的方法就是逐一代入验证法
(3)根据生活常识及文化背景知识选词
(4)词语复现
复现是完形填空常见的考查手法,复现即表达相同意思的词汇在文章的不同地方出现,词汇的复现方式有很多种,可以是同词复现,近义词复现,反义词复现等。
这需要我们在做题时注意“瞻前顾后”,发现词汇之间的复现关系。
(5)词语同现
同现指的是词语共同出现的倾向性,在语篇中,当讨论某一话题时,有些单词一定会出现,只要我们把握话题,结合选项就能选出答案。
2.语法角度
从语法的角度考查考生对文章的理解,这要求语法基础知识扎实,由于语法项目较多,在此列举其中考查较为频繁的语法点。
(1)倒装关系(2)被动语态
(3)各类从句(4)形容词比较级
3.逻辑角度
从逻辑的角度考查考生对于上下文逻辑关系的理解,要求学生理清文章脉络,把握常见的逻辑关系引导词。
(1)并列关系(2)转折关系
(3)因果关系(4)递进关系
4.语篇角度
从语篇的角度主要考查考生对于上下文语境的理解,更多地关注语篇内容,在语境中做题。
【例题】
One day, a boy found the cocoon (茧) of a butterfly and brought it home. A few days later, the boy saw a small __1__ in the cocoon. He sat and watched for several hours as a butterfly struggled to make __2__ body through that little hole. Suddenly it stopped.
So the boy __3__ to help the butterfly, thinking the butterfly might be __4__. He took a pair of scissors (剪刀) and cut the hole __5__. The butterfly came out of the cocoon but it __6__ a little different. It had a weak body and small, thin __7__.The butterfly didn’t start to fly. In fact, the butterfly spent the rest of its life crawling (爬行) around with a weak body and thin wings. It was never able to fly.
The boy acted with __8__ but he didn’t understand why it could be like this. When a butterfly crawls out of the cocoon, it must struggle. The hard work of __9__ out of the cocoon makes the fluid (液体) from the butterfly’s body into its wings. It helps the butterfly be __10__ to fly. If the butterfly never has to squeeze (挤压) itself out of the cocoon, its wings will never get the fluid and it can never fly. __11__ struggles are what we need in our lives. If we lived our lives without any problems, we would never learn or grow. We would not be __12__ we could have been and we would never fly.
In our lives, pain and suffering is the key to all windows, and sometimes even __13__ growth, without it, there’s no way of life. We can’t avoid __14__ or problems. So, next time you are __15__ a problem or difficulty, remember the butterfly. Struggle a little — then fly!
1. A. hole B. worm C. tall D. snake
2. A. it B. i t’s C. itself D. its
3. A. decided B. asked C. showed D. ordered
4. A. afraid B. interested C. surprised D. grateful
5. A. slimmer B. bigger C. shorter D. smaller
6. A. touched B. sounded C. looked D. smelt
7. A. wings B. feet C. eyes D. head
8. A. success B. excitement C. kindness D. humour
9. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got
10. A. ready B. quiet C. glad D. used
11. A. Somewhere B. Something C. Some time D. Sometimes
12. A. as helpful as B. as weak as C. as strong as D. as creative as
13. A. repeats B. recommends C. requires D. represents
14. A. happiness B. difficulties C. pleasure D. hope
15. A. served with B. growing into C. bringing in D. faced with
【中公解析】
1.【答案】A。
解析:考查名词。
根据下文“through that little hole”提示可知A是正确选项。
2.【答案】D。
解析:考查物主代词。
表示所属关系。
意思是让它的躯体从洞里钻出来。
故选D。
3.【答案】A。
解析:考查动词短语decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”。
故选A。
4.【答案】D。
解析:考查形容词。
根据语境可知,小男孩认为他帮助小虫从茧里出来会很感激他。
故选D。
5.【答案】B。
解析:考查形容词。
小男孩用剪刀把小洞剪大了。
故选B。
6.【答案】C。
解析:考查系动词。
后跟形容词充当表语,构成系表结构。
故选C。
7.【答案】A。
解析:考查名词。
根据下文“…crawling (爬行) around with a weak body and thin wings”可知选择A项是正确选项。
8.【答案】C。
解析:考查名词。
根据语境可知小男孩用好心做了一件傻事。
故选C。
9.【答案】B。
解析:考查动名词的用法。
of是介词后跟动词时要用动名词。
故选B。
10.【答案】A。
解析:考查固定短语be ready to do sth.表示“准备做某事”。
故选A。
11.【答案】D。
解析:考查副词。
表示“有时在我们人生中需要奋斗”,故选D。
12.【答案】C。
解析:考查常用句型结构。
as… as表示“与……一样”,其否定形式为not as/so…as,本句意思是:我们不会像我们该有的那样强壮,我们将永远不会飞。
故选C。
13.【答案】D。
解析:考查动词。
repeat意思是“重复”;recommend意思是“建议”;require 意思是“需要”;represent意思是“代表”。
本句意思是:在我们生活中,痛苦和磨难是通向所有窗口的钥匙,而且有时候甚至意味着成长。
没有痛苦和磨难,就没有了生活之路。
故选D。
14.【答案】B。
解析:考查名词。
根据上下文及语境可知选择B,人生中不能没有困难故选B。
15.【答案】D。
解析:考查动词短语。
serve with意思是“向……提供”;grow into意思是“成长为”;bring in意思是“引进,生产”;face with意思是“面对”。
根据句意可知正确选项是D。
考点·书信写作
书信主要考查的是对信息的提取整理能力,并不注重复杂句式语法的运用。
所以,在书信写作中,考生需要注意以下几点:
1.认真读题,不要遗漏题干中给出的关键信息,或者在写作中偏离了题干信息;
2.题干提供的信息较少时,需根据信件题材加以发挥,但注意内容的逻辑性和合理性。
文章布局
英语信件的种类比较多,但几乎所有信件的格式都大同小异。
书写英语信件要注意下面几点:
1.书写格式
在英语考试中的信件书写一般不要求完整的格式。
所以下面给大家介绍在考试中一般信件的格式主要组成部分:
(1)称呼(salutation),即写对收信人的尊称。
称呼顶格:
个人:Dear Sir / Madam / Judy / Jack,
机构:Dear Sir or Madam, / To whom it may concern, / To those concerned,
专业:Dear Mr. Wang, / Dear Professor Wang, / Dear Editor Wang,
(2)正文(body),即信件内的主要内容。
正文第一句一般和称呼之间空一至二行。
(3)信尾客套语(complimentary close),即写信人在信的右(或左)下角,写上表示自己对收信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。
一般有Sincerely; Sincerely yours; Yours sincerely; Friendly yours; Truly yours; Yours truly; Cordially yours; Yours cordially等。
(4)信尾签名(signature),即亲笔签上写信人自己的姓名。
如果是用打字机或电脑写的信,在写信人签名的上方,同样应该打上写信人的姓名。
2.书写款式
齐头式(Block Style)和折衷式(Semi-Block Style)。
齐头式常在商贸、官方以及一些正式的信件中使用,以显示信件内容的严肃性、真实性、可靠性。
而折衷式则显得比较随便,主要用于家人、朋友、私人之间来往的信件。
如果两人之间不是第一次通信,相互比较了解,可以省略信内的双方地址。
书信分类
1.私人信函(Private Letter)
私人信函是一个宽泛的概念,既可以指公务信函以外的一切信函,也可以指与家人或朋友之间互通信息、感情这一特定类型的信件。
2.公务信函(Official Correspondence)
公务信函是现实生活中应用最广的一类,主要包括申请信、感谢信、邀请信、道歉信、建议信等几大类,下面将分别进行介绍。
(1)申请信(Letter of Application)
①文体特点
申请信指当一个人想得到某种机会或某些东西时,往往通过申请信来请求。
如申请留学,申请援助或一份工作。
申请信应简洁、明确、如实地反映你的才能、成绩、愿望和目标。
申请信的内容一般包括以下三个部分:申请的具体内容和缘由;自己的情况和条件;提出要求,如回信、面试等等。
②文章布局
根据题目要求,第一段提出申请或请求,明确表达申请的意图。