初中英语简单句基本类型及句子成分(20200522181634)
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
空一词。 1. 他在听。 He _____ _____. 2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？ Did you _____ _____ last night? 3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。 The rain _____ _____ two hours. 4. 事物总是变化的。 Things always _____. 5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。 His dream to China _____ _____ _____.
形、代、数、名、介词短语或相 当于形容词的词或短语。
通常由副词、介词短语或相当于 副词的词或短语来表示。
由形容词、名词、介词短语等充 当。
重复指代并进一步说明名词及名 词性词语。在被修饰词后。
名词、名词性短语、从句等。
例句 We study in No. 17 middle school. Jim is an American boy. Two heads are better than one. Time tries all thing.( 时间检验一切） Lucy is dancing under the tree. Her parentsare both workers. Love me, love my dog. (爱屋及乌） These girls like English . Did you see him yesterday? His father is a bus driver. My car is white. We wereat school yesterday. Health is wealth. (健康就是财富。） The red one is mine. What is his name? A friend in need is a friend indeed.(患难见真情。） Our teacher worksvery hard. She often helps Mike. They had a meetingin Shanghai. We named the babyLily. She made the roomclean.
状语
主语
及物动词
His hobby
has brought
My father bought
Last
my aunt
sent
week,
间宾 him me
me
直宾
状语
enjoymen t.
a very good bike a box of chocolate
.
On my birthday.
状语
主语 及物动词
与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部 分、说明主语的性质、特征。常在 系动词之后。
由动词或动词词组充当。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动 名词、短语或句子。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动 名词、短语或句子。
用来修饰名词或代词。 单个词常在 修饰的词前， 短语或句子在被修饰 的词之后。
修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动 作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式 等。位置较灵活。 宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是 “主谓”关系。在宾语后。
状语
主语
不及物动 词
状语
（ In 2003,) The first book came out
in 2003
Last week,
We Li Ming The little girl The accident
I
didn't go works works
happened went
to the cinema yesterday. very hard. even harder. yesterday afternoon. to Guilin for my holiday.
happy.
in the street
【温馨提示】 常见的不定式作补语的动词有 : tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow + sb(not)to do sth. 等。
注意：动词 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch 等后面的动 词不定式作宾补时，不带 to。 1) The boss made himdo the work all day. 2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.
Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me
【练习导航】
Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。
1. She gave me her telephone number.
2. Bring me some water, please.
3. I ’ ll make you some fresh tea.
5. I ’ ll do what I can.
状语 yesterday.
for me in May Day.
next
四、主谓双宾： （主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语） 1. 主语 +及物动词 +间接宾语（人） +直接宾语（事物） 2. 及物动词 +直接宾语（事物） +to / for+ 间接宾语（人）
4. He sang us a folk song.
_________________
5. She showed me her paintings. Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为同义句。
_________________
6. Tom gave me a nice pen. = Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.
【练习导航】 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。 1. They call their daughter Mary. 2. Don ’ t leave me behind. 3. I wish you to be happy. 4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. 5. Good food keeps you healthy.
He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me.
2.与 for 搭配的动词有 buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay 等。
如： My uncle bought me a watch.=My uncle bought a watch for me.
are
outside the door
now.
The milk
turned
sour.
The music
sounds
nice
Tom
is
very happy
today.
【练习导航】 翻译下面的汉语句子。 1. 他感到有点累。 ______________________________ 2. 这听起来是个好主意。 ______________________________ 3. 我的电脑在书房里。 ______________________________ 4. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 ______________________________ 5. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。 ______________________________
态等。常见的系动词有 be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn,
become, stay, seem等。
主语
系动词
表语
状语
These books
are
great.
This kind of food
tastes
delicious
All her friends
7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt.
= My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister.
8. She cooked us a delicious meal.=She ______ a delicious meal _____ us.
9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. =Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me.
10. She made me a cup of coffee.=She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me. 五、主谓宾补结构（ S + V + O + OC ）：
三、主谓宾结构（ S + V + O）：主语＋及物动词＋宾语 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。及物动词后面必须接宾语才能
表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词 不定式、动名词等充当。
状语
主语
及物动词
宾语
（Yesterda I
y)
bought a very good book
My father loves
英语句子成分及简单句的基本类型
句子成分 主语 谓语 e 宾语
表语
定语 状语
宾语补足语 同位语
意义及位置 表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什 么事”。通常在句子前部。
充当词类 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动 名词、短语或句子。
说明主语“做什么” “是什么”或 “怎么样”。通常在主语后（除疑 问、倒装句外）。 表示动作、行为的对象。在及物动 词或介词后。
二、主谓结构（ S + V）： 主语＋不及物动词＋（状语） 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词， 不及物动词是指那些本身意义已 完整， 后面不需要接宾语的动词， 常见的动词： work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语怎么样的，担任补语常
常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。
主语
及物动词
宾语
宾语补足语
状语
We
can help
you
develop new skills.
I
don't want
you
to work
too hard.
【温馨提示】
1.与 to 搭配的动词有 give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell,
write, throw, sell, email 等。如：
Can you lend us your car? =Can you lend your car to us?
pictures of cars.
Every morning
my mother
prepares
breakfast
He
is having
lunch.
She
plans
to travel
I
prefer
standing.
I
don’t know what I should do
【练习导航】 找出下列句子的宾语。
直宾 (to\for)+ 间宾 状语
His hobby
has enjoyment
brought
to him.
My father
bought
a very good bike
for me
On my birthda
y.
Last my aunt
week,
a box of sent
chocolate.
to me
1. He handed in his homework this morning.
2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim.
3. He forgot which way to go.
4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes?
You should keep the room
clean and tidy.
I His father The teacher We The news
found told told made made
the box him us him
everyone
empty
not to play to do some exercises our monitor.
They all work hard. John, a friend of hers , has gone.
句子成分 学记口诀： 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。
简单句的六种基本句型
一、主系表结构（ S + V + P ）：主语＋系动词＋表语＋（状语）
系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构， 用来说明主语的性质、 特点或状
形、代、数、名、介词短语或相 当于形容词的词或短语。
通常由副词、介词短语或相当于 副词的词或短语来表示。
由形容词、名词、介词短语等充 当。
重复指代并进一步说明名词及名 词性词语。在被修饰词后。
名词、名词性短语、从句等。
例句 We study in No. 17 middle school. Jim is an American boy. Two heads are better than one. Time tries all thing.( 时间检验一切） Lucy is dancing under the tree. Her parentsare both workers. Love me, love my dog. (爱屋及乌） These girls like English . Did you see him yesterday? His father is a bus driver. My car is white. We wereat school yesterday. Health is wealth. (健康就是财富。） The red one is mine. What is his name? A friend in need is a friend indeed.(患难见真情。） Our teacher worksvery hard. She often helps Mike. They had a meetingin Shanghai. We named the babyLily. She made the roomclean.
状语
主语
及物动词
His hobby
has brought
My father bought
Last
my aunt
sent
week,
间宾 him me
me
直宾
状语
enjoymen t.
a very good bike a box of chocolate
.
On my birthday.
状语
主语 及物动词
与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部 分、说明主语的性质、特征。常在 系动词之后。
由动词或动词词组充当。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动 名词、短语或句子。
名词、代词、数词、不定式、动 名词、短语或句子。
用来修饰名词或代词。 单个词常在 修饰的词前， 短语或句子在被修饰 的词之后。
修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动 作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式 等。位置较灵活。 宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是 “主谓”关系。在宾语后。
状语
主语
不及物动 词
状语
（ In 2003,) The first book came out
in 2003
Last week,
We Li Ming The little girl The accident
I
didn't go works works
happened went
to the cinema yesterday. very hard. even harder. yesterday afternoon. to Guilin for my holiday.
happy.
in the street
【温馨提示】 常见的不定式作补语的动词有 : tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow + sb(not)to do sth. 等。
注意：动词 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch 等后面的动 词不定式作宾补时，不带 to。 1) The boss made himdo the work all day. 2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.
Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me
【练习导航】
Ⅰ. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。
1. She gave me her telephone number.
2. Bring me some water, please.
3. I ’ ll make you some fresh tea.
5. I ’ ll do what I can.
状语 yesterday.
for me in May Day.
next
四、主谓双宾： （主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语） 1. 主语 +及物动词 +间接宾语（人） +直接宾语（事物） 2. 及物动词 +直接宾语（事物） +to / for+ 间接宾语（人）
4. He sang us a folk song.
_________________
5. She showed me her paintings. Ⅱ. 将下列句子改为同义句。
_________________
6. Tom gave me a nice pen. = Tom ______ a nice pen _____ me.
【练习导航】 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。 1. They call their daughter Mary. 2. Don ’ t leave me behind. 3. I wish you to be happy. 4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. 5. Good food keeps you healthy.
He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me.
2.与 for 搭配的动词有 buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay 等。
如： My uncle bought me a watch.=My uncle bought a watch for me.
are
outside the door
now.
The milk
turned
sour.
The music
sounds
nice
Tom
is
very happy
today.
【练习导航】 翻译下面的汉语句子。 1. 他感到有点累。 ______________________________ 2. 这听起来是个好主意。 ______________________________ 3. 我的电脑在书房里。 ______________________________ 4. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。 ______________________________ 5. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。 ______________________________
态等。常见的系动词有 be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn,
become, stay, seem等。
主语
系动词
表语
状语
These books
are
great.
This kind of food
tastes
delicious
All her friends
7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt.
= My mother ______ a pink skirt ______ my little sister.
8. She cooked us a delicious meal.=She ______ a delicious meal _____ us.
9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. =Tim ______ his nice T-shirt _____ me.
10. She made me a cup of coffee.=She ______ a cup of coffee ______ me. 五、主谓宾补结构（ S + V + O + OC ）：
三、主谓宾结构（ S + V + O）：主语＋及物动词＋宾语 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。及物动词后面必须接宾语才能
表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词 不定式、动名词等充当。
状语
主语
及物动词
宾语
（Yesterda I
y)
bought a very good book
My father loves
英语句子成分及简单句的基本类型
句子成分 主语 谓语 e 宾语
表语
定语 状语
宾语补足语 同位语
意义及位置 表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什 么事”。通常在句子前部。
充当词类 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动 名词、短语或句子。
说明主语“做什么” “是什么”或 “怎么样”。通常在主语后（除疑 问、倒装句外）。 表示动作、行为的对象。在及物动 词或介词后。
二、主谓结构（ S + V）： 主语＋不及物动词＋（状语） 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词， 不及物动词是指那些本身意义已 完整， 后面不需要接宾语的动词， 常见的动词： work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语怎么样的，担任补语常
常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。
主语
及物动词
宾语
宾语补足语
状语
We
can help
you
develop new skills.
I
don't want
you
to work
too hard.
【温馨提示】
1.与 to 搭配的动词有 give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell,
write, throw, sell, email 等。如：
Can you lend us your car? =Can you lend your car to us?
pictures of cars.
Every morning
my mother
prepares
breakfast
He
is having
lunch.
She
plans
to travel
I
prefer
standing.
I
don’t know what I should do
【练习导航】 找出下列句子的宾语。
直宾 (to\for)+ 间宾 状语
His hobby
has enjoyment
brought
to him.
My father
bought
a very good bike
for me
On my birthda
y.
Last my aunt
week,
a box of sent
chocolate.
to me
1. He handed in his homework this morning.
2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim.
3. He forgot which way to go.
4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes?
You should keep the room
clean and tidy.
I His father The teacher We The news
found told told made made
the box him us him
everyone
empty
not to play to do some exercises our monitor.
They all work hard. John, a friend of hers , has gone.
句子成分 学记口诀： 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。
宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。
简单句的六种基本句型
一、主系表结构（ S + V + P ）：主语＋系动词＋表语＋（状语）
系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构， 用来说明主语的性质、 特点或状