小升初英语 语法复习 句子
小升初单项复习之句子
(一)there be结构
1. there be 结构表示“某时或某地存在着某事物或某人”。这种句子结构中的there 是个引导词，本身没有词义；be 是谓语动词，be 后面的名词为主语，两者的数必须一致；句子的最后是地点或时间状语。
there be 结构：there is 或者there are (一般过去时：there _______或there ________)
2. there is 结构中的谓语动词be 在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is 或was,是复数时用are或were。如:
花瓶里有一朵花。_________________________________________
3. 句子中有几个并列的主语时，be 的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。如：
There ________a boy ,a girl and two women in the house.
There ________ten students and a teacher in the office.
4. 在陈述句中为了强调地点，也可将介词短语提至句首。如:
In the tree there are five birds.
5. 句型转换：
（1）否定句：there be 的否定式通常在be 后加not 构成（在口语中be 时常与not 缩写在一起）。如果句子中有some,要变成________。如：
There are some children in the picture.
_______________________________________.
(2)一般疑问句及其答语：把be 提到there 前，首字母大写，句末用问号即可。
肯定答语：_______________________
否定答语：_______________________
(3) 特殊疑问句及其回答：
①提问主语：What is +地点介词短语？（注：无论主语是单数还是复数都用is）如：
There are some birds in the tree.
________________________________?
②提问可数名词前的数量：How many+复数名词+are there+其他？（注：无论主语是单数还是复数，be 通常用are）如：
There is a cat under the bed.
____________________________________?
注：同样表示“有”，have 表示人拥有，而there be 句型表示某地或某时存在某事情或人。
练习
一、根据句意，用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1.------__________Kelsy __________(have) a computer? ------Yes,she ________.
2.------__________(be)the watch yours? -------No,it ________my mother's.
3.There _________(be) some apples on the plate.
4.There _________(be )a radio and two pens on the table.
5._________(be) there any grapes and a storybook on the desk?
6.Jim _________(have) a sister and a brother.
二、将下列句子改为一般疑问句。
1.There is a vase on the desk.
____________________________________________________.
2.There are some flowers in the basket.
____________________________________________________.
3.There are some children in the classroom.
____________________________________________________.
4.There were two desks in the study just now.
____________________________________________________.
三、对划线部分提问。
1.There are twenty girls in the TV room.
____________________________________________________?
2.There is a water bottle on the table.
____________________________________________________?
3.There are some books on the teacher's desk.
____________________________________________________?
4.There is a flower in the vase.
____________________________________________________?
5.There is a flower in the vase.
____________________________________________________?
6.There is some milk in the fridge.
____________________________________________________?
(二)一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示一般情况下经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
2.一般现在时的谓语动词为be 动词时，be 的变化规律“我是am, 你是are, is用于他、他、他，复数形式都是are”。
3.一般现在时的谓语动词除了be动词之外还有其他实义动词，当主语为第三人称单数时动词需有变化，除了第三人称单数的其他人称，动词用原形。
4.主语为第三人称单数时动词的变化规则。
（1）一般的动词，直接在词尾加-s. 如：stop_________open___________
（2）以-s,-x,-sh,-ch等结尾的动词，加-es. 如：watch_________wash___________
（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词去y加-ies. 如：study________fly___________
5.句型转换：
（1）否定句
①有be 动词的，直接在be后面加not。如：
She is in the study._______________________________________
②没有be 动词的，需用助动词来帮忙。主语是第三人称单数时助动词用does,其他人称的助动词都用do。如：
(2) 一般疑问句
①有be 动词的，直接将be 前置放句首。如：
②没有be 动词的，需用助动词来帮忙。主语是第三人称单数时用助动词does,其他人称的助动词都用do。
练习
一、用be 动词的正确形式填空。
1.We __________in the library now.
2.Children's Day__________in June.
3.Helen and David __________ in the library now.
4.I _________ a student.
5.___________you a driver?
二、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。
study_________swim__________sing____________wish_____________
say __________fly__________taste____________catch_____________
三、将下列句子改为否定句。
1. The dog is behind the house.
____________________________________________________________
2. He walks to school every morning.
____________________________________________________________
3. They go to parties every Spring Festival.
____________________________________________________________
4. Jim sees some public signs in the park.
____________________________________________________________
四、将下列句子改为一般疑问句。
1. They are teachers.
____________________________________________________________
2. Helen visits her grandma every month.
____________________________________________________________
3. We have School Festivals every year.
____________________________________________________________
4. This dog often runs after that dog.
____________________________________________________________
(三)现在进行时
1.现在进行时：表示正在发生的动作。
（1）它常与表示现在的时间连用。
( 2 ) 当句首有look,listen时，也用现在进行时态。如：
Look,Miss Wang is having an English lesson.
Listen,she is singing.
2.现在进行时的句子构成：主语+be动词+动词的现在分词
（1）be 动词随着主语的变化而变化（am,is,are）
( 2 ) 动词变成现在分词的变化规则：
①一般情况下，直接在动词后加-ing, 如：watch__________,look___________,read___________
②以不发音的e 结尾的动词，去掉e 后加-ing，如dance__________,skate___________, taste_____________
③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，双写尾字母后加-ing，如：swim____________,get___________,travel_____________,cut___________,stop____________, shop___________,run_____________,put______________
3.句型转换：
（1）肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句
He is running now.
（2）特殊疑问句
①对主语提问：
Miss Yang is looking for her pen.
__________________________________?
②对动作提问：
They are talking about public signs.
__________________________________?
练习
一、写出下面单词的现在分词。
come_________ dance ___________ put _________ travel _________ go ________ pick _________ take ___________ jog ____________swim ___________ taste ___________
二、完成下列句子。
1.南希正在看一部日本卡通片。
Nancy __________ ____________ a Japanese cartoon.
2.刘涛的父亲正在浇花。
Liu Tao's father is ________ _________.
3.孩子们正在操场上踢足球。
The children ____________ ____________ ____________in the playground.
三、按照要求改写句子。
1.He is taking a walk in the park.（改为否定句）
________________________________________________________________
2.We are talking about them.(改为否定句)
________________________________________________________________
3.The fish is swimming.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________________________
4.Mike is playing computer games.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________________
5.The children had a good time last week.(用now 替换last week)
________________________________________________________________
6.The girl dances beautifully.(在句首加上look)
________________________________________________________________
（四）一般过去时
一般过去时表示在过去的某一时间里发生的事情，用动词的过去式表示。标志性词：yesterday,last night,three days ago... ....
一般过去时的肯定陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其他
一般过去时的否定陈述句：主语+didn't+动词原形+其他
主语+wasn't/weren't+其他
一般过去时的一般疑问句：Did (not)+主语+动词原形+宾语？
Was/Were (not)+主语+表语？
一般过去时的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+宾语？
特殊疑问词+were/was+主语+表语？
动词过去式的规则变化：
1.一般情况下，在动词原形后加-ed 如：visit__________,play____________,listen__________, clean___________
2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词，只加-ed. 如：live_________
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的词，将y变i再加-ed. 如：study_________,empty___________
4.以重读闭音节（辅音+元音+辅音）或r 音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，要双写这个字母后再加-ed. 如：stop__________prefer__________
动词过去式的不规则变化：
go___________are___________am/is____________have___________come___________
give___________tell____________make___________take__________run____________
sit__________swim___________drink____________
注：在一般过去时的句子中，如果使用了助动词did,didn't等，那么谓语动词无需变化。如：He didn't go to the cinema last night.
练习
一、写出下列动词的过去式。
Is__________ get___________ tell__________ sing____________ draw___________
put__________come___________ teach___________ make____________fly_________
二、根据首字母提示将短文补充完整。
It w Sunday yesterday.We children in Class Five w out to have a picnic.We h sausages(香肠),eggs,pork and chicken legs.I a three chicken legs and f very thirsty.Jenny gave me her Coke and I d half a bottle.After lunch,we p games together.Mr Black helped us take a lot of pictures.We really h great fun.We w back at 5:00 p.m.and g home at about 5:30.It was a happy day for every one of us.
三、用动词的正确形式填空。
1.________(do)you _________(have)many pets before?
2.________(do)Mary _________(speak)a lot in class yesterday?
3.Tony ________(sleep)to 10:00 in the morning last Sunday.
4.Jack's father ________(give)him a present for his birthday.
5.I ________(go)to the farm last Saturday.
6.Tom________(be)ill yesterday.
7.The students ________(clean)the classroom just now.
8.We ________(have)a sports meeting yesterday.
（五）一般将来时
一般将来时就是表示将来某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。标志性词语：tomorrow,next week等。
结构：1. be going to (注意：be 的使用)
2. will/shall+动词原形
注：某些动词的现在进行时可表示将来的意义，这些词都是表示短暂的动作，即动作一发生即告结束或者很快就结束，因此叫做瞬间性动词。C这些动词有come,go,leave等。如：
My uncle is coming to see us later.
We are going to Beijing next month.
I am leaving Guangzhou.
练习
一、中译英。
1.我们打算下星期去拜访爷爷和奶奶。
________________________________________________________________________ 2.你打算明天早上干什么呢？
________________________________________________________________________ 3.明天要下雨了。
________________________________________________________________________ 4.David的父母打算明天给花浇水。
________________________________________________________________________ 5.你明天打算在哪儿弹钢琴？
________________________________________________________________________ 二、单项选择。
（）1. We are going to ______on the moon in 20 years' time.
A.walks
B.walking
C.walk
（）2. I am going to _______a soldier 10 years later.
A.are
B.is
C.be
（）3. It will ________very cold tomorrow.
A.be
B.is
C.going to be
（）4. Chen Jie will ________China some day.
A.leave
B.going to leave
C.leaves
（）5.________you coming to class next Sunday?
A.Will
B.Are
C.Shall
（）6.Mike often________exercise on Thursday afternoon.
A.takes
B.in taking
C.is going to take
（）7.---Is he going to the shop to buy a magazine? ---Yes,he ________.
A.be
B.is
C.will
（）8.---Will you be a teacher? ---No,I _______.
A.am not
B.won't
C.will
（）9.---Are you coming this afternoon? ---No,we ________.
A.aren't
B.,won't
C.will
（）10.________be snowy two days later.
A. I'll
B.It'll
C.We'll