中考英语被动语态和现在完成时态 经典课件

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六、被动语态的特殊情况
1.在主动语态中,使役动词make, let, have等 及感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel等, 其后跟省to的动词不定式(即动词原形),在 变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to。
1) The boss made him work 14 hours a day.
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一、定义
英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 ( Active Voice) 被动语态 ( Passive Voice)
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
We planted the tree.
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
The tree was planted by us.
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2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁
Eg. Many trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种许多树。
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3） 需要强调或突出动作的承受者（即宾语）
Eg. Calculator can't be used in the math exam. 计算器不能用于数学考试。
3. 主动句的主语变为被动句中by的宾语（宾 格），如不需要则可省略。
4. 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
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We speak English. 主动语态
主语
谓语
宾语
English is spoken by us. 被动语态
主语
谓语
Байду номын сангаас宾语
They make the bikes in the factory.
4）动作的发出者不是人
Eg. Many houses were washed away in the flood. 许多房子在洪水中被冲走了。
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五、主动语态变被动语态
1. 主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。 2. 谓语动词变为相应的被动形式即be+过
去分词，（注意其人称和数随主语做出 变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。）
We should take care of the children. The children should be taken care of.(of不可省)
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4.下列动词(短语)没有被动语态： happen, take place, belong to, cost, take ….
He was made to work 14 hours a day.
2) I see him walk to school.
He is seen to walk to school.
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2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可以把指“人” 的间接宾语变为主语，也可把指“物”的直接宾语 变为主语，但直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前需 加上to或for.
6. 现在完成时：have / has + been + 过去分词 7. 过去完成时：had + been + 过去分词
8.过去将来时：would+ be+过去分词 9. 含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 过去分词
歌诀：被动语态be语字言精变品资，源P过PT 去分词跟后面
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四、用法
1） 不知道动作的执行者是谁 Eg. The house was built in 1950. 这座房子是1950年建的。
The bikes are made by themin the factory.
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把下列的主动句变为被动句。
1.People play football all over the world. Football is played all over the world by people.
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二、构成 be + 及物动词的过去分词
有人称，数和时态的变化
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三、各种时态的被动语态
1. 一般现在时：am / is / are + 过去分词 2. 一般过去时：was / were + 过去分词 3. 一般将来时：will+ be + 过去分词
4. 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 过去分词 5. 过去进行时：was / were+ being + 过去分词
to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。
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6. 主动表被动
1) 表事物自然属性的动词（read, write, sell, wash,
clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink …）和副词(well/badly/easily/fast/smoothly) 连用且主语为物时，常用主动语态表被动意义
He gave me a book yesterday.(=he gave a book to
me yesterday.)
I was given a book by him yesterday.
A book was given to me by him yesterday.
3.许多由不及物动词加介词、副词构成的动词短语相 当于及物动词，变被动语态时，介词、副词不能丢 掉。
•The pen writes very fast.这支笔写得很流畅。 •This book sells well. 这本书畅销。
eg. An accident happened yesterday.
5. 物作主语时， want/need/require/be worth + doing相当于 want/need/require/be worth + to be done
•My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs
2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.
A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday. 3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully.
The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully.