被动句和否定句的翻译资料讲解
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❖ 我一度扔掉的那部小说后来被出版商选中了。
❖ A lot of houses were damaged in the earthquake. ❖ 地震时许多房子遭到破坏。
被动语态
① 译成被动句
❖ Most letters from his wife were read to him by the nurse.
❖ 赫尔辛基变成了一个繁荣的港口，在图尔库还建成 了一所大学。
被动语态
② 译成主动句 d) “it”为形式主语的句子往往需要改成主动形式，
有时可不加主语。
❖ 不加主语 It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is supposed that … 据推测…… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It is learned that … 据闻/悉…… It cannot be denied that … 不可否认…… It was noted above that … 前面已经指出…… It is assumed that … 假设/假定……
被动语态
② 译成主动句 C) 原句中没有施动者，译成无主句
❖ The lights are usually turned off at 11:30. ❖ 通常十一点半关灯。
❖ Helsinki became a flourishing port, and a university was founded at Turku.
❖ 他妻子给他的信大部分由护士念给他听。
❖ The crops were washed away by the flood. ❖ 庄稼让大水冲跑了。
❖ History is made by the people. ❖ 历史是人民创造的。
被动语态
① 译成被动句
❖ I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.
被动语态
② 译成主动句 d) “it”为形式主语的句子往往需要改成主动形式，
有时可不加主语。
❖ 加主语 It is believed that … 有人相信(认为)…… It is generally accepted that … 大家都认为…… It is asserted that … 有人主张…… It was told that … 有人曾经说…… It has been found that … 人们已经发现…… It is sometimes asked that … 人们有时会问…… It should be realized that … 我们应该认识到…… It is stressed that … 有人强调说……
❖ 现代工业需要大量的电能。
被动语态
② 译成主动句 b) 补充施动者作主语
❖ They were seen repairing the machine. ❖ 有人看见他们在修机器。
❖ The lecture is considered very important for beginners.
❖ 大家认为这个讲座对初学者来说很重要。
applauded by the audience.
❖ A>没必要说出施动者 B> 不知道施动者 ❖ C> 出于礼貌的需要 D>方便语句衔接
汉语中被动语态的表现方式
❖ 落后就要挨打。 ❖ 防护堤被洪水冲垮了。 ❖ 东南亚遭受百年不遇的台风袭击。 ❖ 历史是人民创造的。 ❖ 我们不要为表面现象所迷惑。 ❖ 一点声音也听不到。
❖ By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization.
❖ 到战争结束时，这个组织拯救了八百人。
❖ Large quantities of electricity are required by modern industry.
句子翻译技巧
二、英译汉
1. 句子英译汉的基本方法 2. 被动语态 3. 否定意义 4. There be 结构 5. 名词性从句 6. 定语从句 7. 状语从句 8. 长句
被动语态
❖ 英语中经常使用被动语态，尤其在科技语体 中，这是因为被动语Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu比主动语态更少主观 色彩、结构更简单，还因为不必、不愿或无 从说出主动者或强调受动者。
被动语态
3. 英译汉被动句的翻译
① 顺译法: 译成被动 ② 倒译法：译成主动句 ③ 转换法：转换句子成分
被动语态
① 顺译法: 译成被动句
译文用“被……”，“遭(受)到……”，“由…….”， “让……”，“是……的”，“为……所”等表示被 动意义的词。
❖ The novel I had once thrown away was chosen by the publisher.
❖ 相比之下，汉语中被动语态使用较少，是因 为汉语往往将宾语提前作为说话的主题，通 过词汇的手段或词序的手段来表示被动。
被动语态
1. 英语中常用被动语态的情况； 2. 汉语中被动语态的表现方式； 3. 英语被动句的翻译方法
英语中常用被动语态的情况
❖ We haven't been told about it. ❖ You’re wanted on the phone. ❖ You are required to give a performance. ❖ He appeared on the stage and was warmly
被动语态
③ 转换法：转换句子成分
a) 英语句子包含take care, pay attention to 时， 把上述短语的名词意义译为主语。
❖ 我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺 卡上。
❖ Once the men had been accepted by the organization, they were brought to Brussels.
❖ 士兵们一旦为组织所接收，就被送到布鲁塞尔去。
被动语态
② 倒译法：译成主动句 a) 把施动者译作主语
❖ A lot of houses were damaged in the earthquake. ❖ 地震时许多房子遭到破坏。
被动语态
① 译成被动句
❖ Most letters from his wife were read to him by the nurse.
❖ 赫尔辛基变成了一个繁荣的港口，在图尔库还建成 了一所大学。
被动语态
② 译成主动句 d) “it”为形式主语的句子往往需要改成主动形式，
有时可不加主语。
❖ 不加主语 It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is supposed that … 据推测…… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It is learned that … 据闻/悉…… It cannot be denied that … 不可否认…… It was noted above that … 前面已经指出…… It is assumed that … 假设/假定……
被动语态
② 译成主动句 C) 原句中没有施动者，译成无主句
❖ The lights are usually turned off at 11:30. ❖ 通常十一点半关灯。
❖ Helsinki became a flourishing port, and a university was founded at Turku.
❖ 他妻子给他的信大部分由护士念给他听。
❖ The crops were washed away by the flood. ❖ 庄稼让大水冲跑了。
❖ History is made by the people. ❖ 历史是人民创造的。
被动语态
① 译成被动句
❖ I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.
被动语态
② 译成主动句 d) “it”为形式主语的句子往往需要改成主动形式，
有时可不加主语。
❖ 加主语 It is believed that … 有人相信(认为)…… It is generally accepted that … 大家都认为…… It is asserted that … 有人主张…… It was told that … 有人曾经说…… It has been found that … 人们已经发现…… It is sometimes asked that … 人们有时会问…… It should be realized that … 我们应该认识到…… It is stressed that … 有人强调说……
❖ 现代工业需要大量的电能。
被动语态
② 译成主动句 b) 补充施动者作主语
❖ They were seen repairing the machine. ❖ 有人看见他们在修机器。
❖ The lecture is considered very important for beginners.
❖ 大家认为这个讲座对初学者来说很重要。
applauded by the audience.
❖ A>没必要说出施动者 B> 不知道施动者 ❖ C> 出于礼貌的需要 D>方便语句衔接
汉语中被动语态的表现方式
❖ 落后就要挨打。 ❖ 防护堤被洪水冲垮了。 ❖ 东南亚遭受百年不遇的台风袭击。 ❖ 历史是人民创造的。 ❖ 我们不要为表面现象所迷惑。 ❖ 一点声音也听不到。
❖ By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization.
❖ 到战争结束时，这个组织拯救了八百人。
❖ Large quantities of electricity are required by modern industry.
句子翻译技巧
二、英译汉
1. 句子英译汉的基本方法 2. 被动语态 3. 否定意义 4. There be 结构 5. 名词性从句 6. 定语从句 7. 状语从句 8. 长句
被动语态
❖ 英语中经常使用被动语态，尤其在科技语体 中，这是因为被动语Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu比主动语态更少主观 色彩、结构更简单，还因为不必、不愿或无 从说出主动者或强调受动者。
被动语态
3. 英译汉被动句的翻译
① 顺译法: 译成被动 ② 倒译法：译成主动句 ③ 转换法：转换句子成分
被动语态
① 顺译法: 译成被动句
译文用“被……”，“遭(受)到……”，“由…….”， “让……”，“是……的”，“为……所”等表示被 动意义的词。
❖ The novel I had once thrown away was chosen by the publisher.
❖ 相比之下，汉语中被动语态使用较少，是因 为汉语往往将宾语提前作为说话的主题，通 过词汇的手段或词序的手段来表示被动。
被动语态
1. 英语中常用被动语态的情况； 2. 汉语中被动语态的表现方式； 3. 英语被动句的翻译方法
英语中常用被动语态的情况
❖ We haven't been told about it. ❖ You’re wanted on the phone. ❖ You are required to give a performance. ❖ He appeared on the stage and was warmly
被动语态
③ 转换法：转换句子成分
a) 英语句子包含take care, pay attention to 时， 把上述短语的名词意义译为主语。
❖ 我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺 卡上。
❖ Once the men had been accepted by the organization, they were brought to Brussels.
❖ 士兵们一旦为组织所接收，就被送到布鲁塞尔去。
被动语态
② 倒译法：译成主动句 a) 把施动者译作主语