猪肠道微生物代谢研究进展与思考(李德发)

(HF, HP, LF)
Gut microbiome
Strains within a species Pathogenic or pathobiont
CRC or IBD Novel therapeutics Modulate microbiome Treat/prevent desease
Mucosal Ki67 expression (a biomarker for cancer risk) Microbiome co-occurrence network structure Microbial gene expression Ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Differ among individuals
Snai1
HDP、IgA GLP-1 Mucin
Gut stem cells related with nutrition
Enterocyte Enteroendocrine cell Goblet cell
Secretory enterocytes
Absorptive enterocytes
Transporters SGLT1, PepT1 Barrier function Damage repair Defenders Lysozyme
Antigenpresenting cell (APC)
CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T lymphocyteT cell CD28 CTLA 4
(-)
associated antigen-4) against cancer needs microbes。
Lpilimumab (Yervoy)
FMT from lean donor to metabolic syndrome increased insulin sensitivity
HGC * Prevalence of antiinflammatory species: F.prausnitzii
LGC (Restored in some degree)
Eric G. Pamer. June 11, 2016. Science Next-generation probiotics
Colonization resistance
Antibiotic-resistance bacteria
Live medicines
Antibiotic treatment can damage the intestinal microbiota and increase susceptibility to infections Reestablish or enhance microbiota-mediated resistance markedly reduce infections ※ Effectiveness ※ Safety ※ Eventual production ※ Distribution ※Affordability
SCFA
Lymph duct/Portal vein Signaling and regulatory factors
HDP expression
GPR43
SLC5A8 transport Butyrate
Structure Activity Biological function Adipose tissue Lipogenesis Lipolysis Leptin or liponectin secretion
Opening on Nov. 26, 2016
饲料博物馆一角
Mechanisms of gut micobiota metabolism in human and pigs
Dietary fiber （Type） （Processing Technology） （Breeds） (NSP)
Gut microbiota composition Fermentation capability Bifidobacterium Bacteriodetes Faecalibacterium Acetate Propionate Butyrate FA Glu Energy Transporters Permeability Subcutaneous fat Back fat Intramuscular fat Visceral fat
Diversity
Dietary Fiber Increase Microbiome Diversity SCFA profile Fat modulate for gut microbiota
Metagenomics study HGC and LGC
Insulin related with gene count Not with BW or BMI BMI is not indicator for OAMD
Plant Polysac CRC develop or * decrease Firmicutes limited * derive energy and carbon Marchesi. June 9, 2016. Gut
Resurrecting the intestinal microbiota to combat Live medicines antibiotic-resistant pathogens
* Microbial diversity
* Increase production
of butyrate
( Marches: June 9, 2016. Gut )
Health care revolution
(Biomarker)
Rational design Functional foods Diet intervention
猪肠道微生物代谢研究进展与思考
Defa Li
China Agricultural University
2016.11.12 中国 广州
In 2015, IF1.681, ranking the 9th among 55
journals in the field of Agriculture, Dairy and Animal Science.
β-catenin signals
Drive DNA damage Enhanece colonic tumorigenesis
CRC initiation Opportunists pathogens Proliferation Polymicrobial Gram-N anaerobic bacteria ( Marchesi, June 9, 2016. GUT )
In 2016, IF2.034, ranking the 4th
among 58 journals in the field of Agriculture, Dairy and Animal Science. Dr. Changhua Lai is executive Editor-in-Chief.
Neutrophil Inhibitor of HDACs Killing pathogens in gut
Intestine PYY Secretion GLP1 Secretion Intestine mortility
HDACs inhibitor = anticancer agents
Host energy homeostasis
(+) (+)
PD-L1
(-)
(Nivolumab)
(+)
Bacteroidets
On switch / Accelerator Off switch / Brakes
Bifidobacterium
(Driver/Passengers)
CHO, AA, Fiber Changes
Diet Gut microbiome
Dietary fiber
Fiber Gap
March 2016, Cell Press Jean Walter
* Macrobiota-associated carbohydrates (MACs) * Indigestible CHD * Fiber intare * Substrate changes
Metatranscriptomics Proteomics
Obesity Pork quality
Immune therapy
Microbes aid Immune therapy against cancer (Science, Nov. 11, 2015 Mitch Leslie)
T-cell receptor (TCR)
Life style Environment
Dietary Fiber Microbiota diversity Treat / prevent effects
NCDs Depletion bacteria Implication for health Evolution routed benefits by microbs Palatable fiber-riched food Bacteria habitates
Metabolic function CRC person reduced Butyrate producers Sulfate metabolism H2S concentration
* Escherichia Coli As biomarker * E. Coli strain is a detect/diagnostic probiotic gut related disease
Increased energy metabolism 2015
Glucose
PEP
PTS
Pyr Kinase
OAA
PyrCx
Pyr Glucose
PEP
PPDK
OAA
ODx
Pyr
选取12个肥胖的人，限定其饮食为低能量食物，通过16S rRNA基因序列分析跟 踪1年内其粪样中的微生物组成，结果发现随时间延长Bacteroidetes (拟杆菌门)比例 显著增加，而Firmicutes （厚壁菌门）比例显著降低（Ley et al. Nature. 2006）
Related with metabolic status Link between long term dietary habits and gut microbiota structure Gene richness
* Fecal butyrate
concentration increased
At various stages of discovery bewk.baidu.comore clinical practice
Development of next-generation probiotics to reestablish colonization resistance and eliminate potential pathogens from the gut is warranted. Reduce health care-associated infections caused by highly antibiotic-resistance bacteria Intestinal microbiota, which is composed of diverse population of commensal bacteria species, provide resistance against colonization and invasions by pathogens
Treat Prevent Diagnostic
α- defensin expression
Pathogenic product of salmonella AvrA
MIR/CECC Driver/passengers
Adenomas Indigenous intestinal bacterial Tumorigenesis Intestinal niche alteration Antibacterial activity adenomas