系统动力学软件vensim中文教程
系统动力学软件vensim中文教程
Vensim ® PLE 快速参考与自学手册台湾科技大学摘要1.File(档案)与cutting/pasting(剪下/贴上) 的操作如微软窗口系统之功能‧2.许多功能列中经常使用的功能项目都放在工具列的按钮，以利操作‧3.专门术语：”click”即按压鼠标左键再释放之‧”drag” 即按压鼠标左键不释放而移动鼠标‧”right-click” 即按压鼠标右键再释放之‧而”control-click” 即按ctrol键及按鼠标左键再释放之，结果与”right-click”相同‧4.Vensim使用预设变量，无论建立任何模块，系统自动建立必要变量而使用它；如标题列的FINAL TIME变数‧________________________Copyright 2002,CraigW.Kirkwood.Allrightsreserved.(Email:**********************)Updated on December 12, 2002 by Jennifer Cihla Vender using VensimPLE Version 5.0c1Main Toolbar（工具列）按钮说明New Model(新模块)：建立一个新的Vensim模块。
Open Model（开启模块）：开启一个存在的Vensim模块。
Save（储存）：以现有文件名称储存‧(若要更换文件名称，请使用在File下的Save As指令) 。
Print(打印)：打印目前窗口所选择的项目(若无选择则打印整个绘图工作区)。
”print option”小窗口让使用者有所选择。
”selection”选择使用鼠标拖曳成矩形的区域。
Cut(剪下)：剪下所选择的项目并储存于回纹夹里。
Copy(复制)：复制所选择的项目并储存于回纹夹里。
Paste(贴上)：将现有回纹夹的数据贴到绘图工作区。
Set up a Simulation(建立模拟)：在绘图工作区中，注记常数与lookup变数。
Vensim快速学习手册--中文简体版
Vensim ® PLE 快速参考与自学手册台湾科技大学摘要1.File(档案)与cutting/pasting(剪下/贴上) 的操作如微软窗口系统之功能‧2.许多功能列中经常使用的功能项目都放在工具栏的按钮，以利操作‧3.专门术语：”click”即按压鼠标左键再释放之‧”drag” 即按压鼠标左键不释放而移动鼠标‧”right-click” 即按压鼠标右键再释放之‧而”control-click” 即按ctrol键及按鼠标左键再释放之，结果与”right-click”相同‧4.Vensim使用默认变量，无论建立任何模块，系统自动建立必要变量而使用它；如标题栏的FINAL TIME变数‧________________________Copyright 2002, Craig W. Kirkwood. All rights reserved. (Email: craig.kirkwood@)Updated on December 12, 2002 by Jennifer Cihla Vender using VensimPLE Version 5.0c1Main Toolbar（工具栏）。
分析工具注意事项：1．若有较多的模拟执行，则分析工具是无法运作的。
因此，在实验中，必须仔细地追踪在窗口中所显示的结果。
2．大部分窗口显示有关工作变量的信息。
在窗口中选择一变量，用鼠标双击变量即成工作变量。
3．在分析工具所输出图形左上角功能列如右图，其中最左边的键是删除窗口键。
在其右边则是锁住删除功能键，再按一次则可恢复删除功能。
其右边则是打印机功能键可 以打印此窗口内容。
其右边键则是复制窗口至回纹夹。
最后键则是储存窗口内容于档案。
4．在图形内有多个曲线，这些曲线会使用不同颜色显示。
黑白打印机打印时很难区隔它，因此在Option 功能键，选择”Show Line Markers on Graph Lines”可以在曲线上标示不同数字以示区隔。
系统动力学vensim软件使用说明
SAVINGS AND INCOMEeffort 因果循环图快速自学手册使用以下步骤，建立如上因果循环图：1．启动Vensim ，在工具列点选New Model ，显示”Model Settings Time Bounds”对话窗口，再点选”OK”钮即显示空白窗口，就可以开始绘制因果循环图。
2．设定此绘图字型为Arial 大小为10点，操作如下：在状态列的左边点选字型名称。
因为尚未选取任何项目，所以显示是否要更改预设字型与颜色，点选”Yes”键，则显示”View Defaults” 对话窗口，改变”Face”为Arial 与”Size”为10，然后点选”OK”钮即可。
3．点选绘图列下的”Variable – Auxiliary/Constant” （“变量-辅助量/常量”）工具，然后在绘图工作区空白窗口，点选一个地方来放置变量”interest”，此时显示编辑框框，输入”interest”再按”Enter”键即可显示字号为Arial 10的”interest”。
重复此步骤来建立变量”savings”与”income”如上图。
(提示：如果拼错变量名称，则点选”Variable – Auxiliary/Constant”工具钮，再点选拼错变量的名称，此时显示编辑框框更改之即可。
如果想要完全删除变量或绘图区的其它组件，则点选绘图列下的”Delete”工具钮，再点选它们即可完全删除。
4．重复以上步骤来建立变量”work effort” 如上图。
此时”work” 与“effort”显示在同一列，若要将它们放在不同列，则拖曳手把(小圆圈)至左下即可调整之。
如果要改变其它特性，就按鼠标右键或同时按”control”、鼠标左键与点选”work effort”，则显示对话窗口，它提供变量多样的选择。
在对话窗口左上方，”Shape”标签选取”Clear Box”，所拖曳的小圆圈是改变”work effort”形状的手把。
【建立】vensim中文教程
文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持. 【关键字】建立Vensim ® PLE 快速参考与自学手册台湾科技大学摘要1.File(档案)与cutting/pasting(剪下/贴上) 的操作如微软窗口系统之功能‧2.许多功能列中经常使用的功能项目都放在工具列的按钮，以利操作‧3.专门术语：”click”即按压鼠标左键再释放之‧”drag” 即按压鼠标左键不释放而移动鼠标‧”right-click” 即按压鼠标右键再释放之‧而”control-click” 即按ctrol键及按鼠标左键再释放之，结果与”right-click”相同‧4.Vensim使用预设变量，无论建立任何模块，系统自动建立必要变量而使用它；如标题列的FINAL TIME变数‧________________________Copyright 2002, Craig W. Kirkwood. All rights reserved. (Email: )Updated on December 12, 2002 by Jennifer Cihla Vender using VensimPLE Version 1Main Toolbar（工具列）按钮说明New Model(新模块)：建立一个新的Vensim模块。
Open Model（开启模块）：开启一个存在的Vensim模块。
Save（储存）：以现有文件名称储存‧(若要更换文件名称，请使用在File下的Save As指令) 。
Print(打印)：打印目前窗口所选择的项目(若无选择则打印整个绘图工作区)。
”print option”小窗口让使用者有所选择。
”selection”选择使用鼠标拖曳成矩形的区域。
Cut(剪下)：剪下所选择的项目并储存于回纹夹里。
Copy(复制)：复制所选择的项目并储存于回纹夹里。
Paste(贴上)：将现有回纹夹的数据贴到绘图工作区。
vensim 操作手册(系统动力学)
Formulating Models of Simple SystemsusingVensim PLEversion 3.0BProfessor Nelson RepenningSystem Dynamics GroupMIT Sloan School of ManagementCambridge, MA O2142Edited by Laura Black, Farzana S. Mohamed, and students in the System Dynamics in EducationProject, April 1998.Copyright © 1998 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.I. Introduction and Getting StartedThe purpose of this tutorial is to help you develop some familiarity with building and analyzing system dynamics models using the Vensim PLE software. In order to become familiar with Vensim PLE, you are going to build a simple model of the federal deficit.To begin you need to get Vensim PLE ready for modeling. This tutorial makes use of the Macintosh version on Vensim PLE; the IBM-Compatible version should work similarly, but some of the screens may look different. When you first open Vensim PLE on your computer, the screen should look like this:To start working on a new model go to the File menu and select New Model. Vensim PLE will return the following dialog box:To begin your effort you must choose the time horizon of your model (when your simulation will start and finish), the appropriate time step (how accurately you wish to simulate your model), and the units of time. Start your model of the deficit in 1988 (enter 1988 in the INITIAL TIME box) and simulate it through the year 2010. Select a time step of 0.25 years. Finally, change the units of time from Month to Year. Your dialog box should now look like this:Click on OK or hit return. To give your model a name, choose the Save As... command from the File menu and enter the desired name in the text field and click on OK. (Vensim PLE should automatically supply the .mdl extension. If you are working with a different version of Vensim and see a Show all of type option on the right side of the dialog box, make sure that the .mdl Fmt Models extension is selected. This allows Vensim PLE to save the model in a format that can be used by both Macintosh and IBM-compatible computers.)∗∗ Vensim saves every simulation run and custom graph you produce as a separate file. It supplies a .vdf extension for simulation runs. These files cannot be opened from outside the Vensim application; they can be opened from inside Vensim through the Datasets / Simulate Model... and Control / Custom Graphs dialog boxes.Your screen should now look like this:You are ready to start building your model.II. Developing the Stock, Flow, and Feedback StructureThe Vensim PLE software is designed using the metaphor of a “work bench.” The large blank area in the middle of the screen is your work area, where you actually develop and analyze your model. The different buttons on the border of the work area represent the different “tools”available as you work on your model. The upper toolbar consists of the Title Bar, a Menu, a Main Toolbar, and Sketch Tools. The Main Toolbar comprises two sets of tools: file operation tools that control standard file functions—opening, closing and saving files, printing, cutting, copying, and pasting—as well as simulation and graphing tools that will allow you to set up and run simulations, and set up display graphs. The sketch tools allow you to build in model components. The tools on the Status Bar (the bottom of the window) allow you to change the formatting of the diagram. The Analysis Tools on the left on the window are tools that you will use to analyze your model to understand its behavior. You will become familiar with many of these tools as you build the deficit model.To begin, add a stock representing the outstanding federal debt to your model. Click on theYou have just created the first variable in your model, the stock of money that constitutes the federal debt.Now, add the inflow to the stock of Debt. Click on theNote: Thetool and then click on the flow valve. This action will remove the flow from the model and let you start over again.You have now created the flow, Net Federal Deficit, which increases the stock of Debt.At this point you may you wish to change the name of the stock variable from Debt to FederalDebt. Click on theNow you need to create the variables needed to determine the Net Federal Deficit. Assume the Net Federal Deficit is determined by two variables, Government Revenues and TotalGovernment Expenses. Click on thebutton to select the causal arrow tool. Now, click and release on the variable Government Revenue and then click and release again on Net Federal Deficit. Do the same for Total Government Expenses. Make sure your causal arrows actually end on the words Net Federal Deficit. They should not be attached to the cloud, the stock, or directly to the valve.You can delete arrows using theClicking on theNow, you may want to update your diagram by labeling the arrows to show that Government Revenue and Total Government Expense affect the Net Federal Deficit in different ways. Specifically, an increase in revenue causes the deficit to decrease, while an increase in expenses causes the deficit to increase. To do this, first click on thebutton on the bottom horizontal toolbar. You then see a pop-up menu that looks like this:Click and release on the desired label, and it will show up in the diagram. Label your two causal arrows so your diagram looks like this:Now, using the same steps discussed above, complete the stock, flow and feedback so your diagram looks like this:You may want to slide the handle of each arrow close to its arrowhead, so each label is clearly associated with its causal arrow.Finally, you may wish to label the positive feedback loop you have just created. Click on theClick on the Loop Clkwse button in the Shape box; click on Center in the Text Position box; and type R, for reinforcing, in the Comment box. You may also type + or P to denote a positive feedback, also known as a reinforcing, loop. Your screen should now look like this:Click on the OK button or hit return. Your screen should now appear as:III. Specifying Equations for Your ModelNow that you have developed a complete stock, flow, and feedback representation of the deficit, you need to write equations for each of the variables. Equation formulation is a critical step in the process of model building and is a key part of the process of developing a rigorous understanding of the problem at hand.To begin writing equations, click on theA highlighted variable indicates that the equation for that variable is incomplete.Variables in system dynamics models are classified as either exogenous or endogenous. Exogenous variables are those that are not part of a feedback loop, while endogenous variables are members of at least one feedback loop. Your deficit model has three exogenous variables—Government Revenue, Other Government Expenses, and the Interest Rate—and four endogenous variables—Interest Payments, Total Government Expense, Net Federal Deficit, and the Federal Debt.Start by writing the equations for the exogenous variables. To begin, click on the highlighted variable Government Revenue. You then see the following dialog box:Good modeling practice requires that each equation in a model have three elements: the equation itself, specified units of measure, and complete documentation. You enter the equation in the box to the right of the = sign. You enter the unit of measure in the text field to the right of the word Units. Equation documentation or “comment” is entered in the box to the right of the word Comment.To write an equation for Government Revenue, click in the box to the right of the = sign. Assume that government revenue is constant, so that all you need to do is enter the appropriate number for government revenue. In 1988, government revenue was about 900 billion dollars annually, so type 900000000000 in the box. Alternatively, you can write 9e11, which is Vensim PLE shorthand for 9 * 1011.Now, fill in the units. Revenue is a flow variable, so the appropriate unit of measure for this equation is dollars/time unit. Because you already chose to run the model in time steps of 1 year, the appropriate unit is dollars/year. Type dollars/year in the units field. (The next time you specify the units for a variable in this model, dollars/year will appear in the units pull-down menu. You can click on the arrowhead to the right of the units field to see units already specified for other variables in the model, and then use the mouse to select the units from that list when appropriate.) Finally, provide a description of this equation in the comment field. A good comment will be brief, but it will also give the reader the logic behind the equation as well as state the key assumptions. For example, one might write for this equation:Government revenues are assumed to be constant and equal to 900 billiondollars annually based on the actual value in 1988.Your dialog box should now look like this:Click on OK or hit return and your diagram will look like this:Government Revenue is no longer highlighted because you have just specified its equation.Following the process above, write equations for the two other exogenous variables, Interest Rate and Other Government Expenses. Use the following information:•Government expenses, excluding interest on the debt, were approximately 900 billion dollars in 1988.•The interest rate paid on the national debt in 1988 was around 7%/year.Now that the equations for the exogenous variables are formulated, turn your attention to the endogenous variables. Writing equations for the stocks and the flows is a little different, so let’s do an example of each. First we formulate the equation for the stock, Federal Debt.Again, click on theThe following dialog box will be displayed:Unlike flows and constants, a stock requires that an additional element be specified in its formulation; after you specify the equation, you need to select an initial or starting value.You enter the equation for the stock in the box to the right of the word Integ. Integ stands for “integrate” and simply means that the stock at any moment in time is equal to the sum of all the inflows minus the sum of all the outflows plus the initial value.When you created the stock, flow, and feedback diagram, you connected the flow Net Federal Deficit to the stock Federal Debt. Vensim PLE captures this stock-flow dependency by providing a list of the required Variables to the stock Federal Debt on the right side of the equation dialog box. (The variable we are formulating, Federal Debt, itself also appears in the Variables box, but we focus on the input Net Federal Deficit. In general, you will never want to have the same variable on both the left and right sides of an equation.)Because the model diagram shows the flow Net Federal Deficit feeding into the stock Federal Debt, Vensim has anticipated that the flow is an input to the stock equation and has placed the Net Federal Deficit variable name in the box to the right of Integ. If this is not the case in your version of Vensim PLE, then simply click in the box to the right of the Integ and then click on the variable Net Federal Deficit in the Variables box to write the equation for the change in Federal Debt. (Note:If Net Federal Deficit is not in the Variables box, then your model diagram is incorrect and needs to be changed—make sure the flow is attached to the stock).The Integ box should now look like this:Below the Integ box is the Initial Value box. Here you enter the initial condition or starting point for the stock. In 1988, the outstanding federal debt was approximately 2.5 trillion dollars, so enter 2500000000000 in the initial value box (alternatively you can write 2.5e12, which is Vensim PLE shorthand for 2.5 x 1012). The Initial Value box should look like this:Now the equation specification for the Federal Debt stock is complete. Your equation indicates that the federal debt is simply the accumulation of the Net Federal Deficit since 1988 added to the initial value.You still need to specify the unit of measure and document your equation in the comment field. The units should be fairly straightforward. The Federal Debt is a stock and its units are dollars. Useful comments briefly explain the structure of the equation and highlight the key assumptions made. A sample comment for Federal Debt is:The Federal Debt is the accumulation of the Net Federal Deficit plus theinitial value of the debt. The initial value is set to 2.5 trillion dollars,which was the approximate outstanding federal debt in 1988—the startingpoint for this simulation.Your dialog box should now look like this:Click on OK or press return.Now you need to specify the equations for the auxiliary variables and the flow.Using theThis box is identical to those used to specify the exogenous variables, but, in this case, there are two other variables in the Variables box; you are required to use these variables in the equation. When you developed the stock, flow, and feedback diagram, you drew causal arrows connecting the variable Federal Debt and constant Interest Rate to the variable Interest Payments. Vensim PLE has conveniently recognized this fact and has provided a list of the required inputs to your equation based on the picture you have already created. In fact, if you try to write your equation without using the two required variables, Vensim PLE will give you an error message. The rate of interest payment is simply equal to the current debt stock multiplied by the interest rate. To enter this equation, first click on the Federal Debt variable in the Variables box. It now appears in the equation box. Now type * (alternatively you can click on theTo complete the equation, you need to specify the units, dollars/year, and document your equation in the comment field. An appropriate comment might look like the following:The annual flow of interest payments is equal to the current outstandingfederal debt multiplied by the annual interest rate.The dialog box for the variable Interest Payments should now look like this:Following a similar process to the one outlined above, you should now be able to complete your model.IV. Using the Model Structure Analysis ToolsVensim PLE provides five tools for analyzing and understanding the structure of your model.By far the most important of these is the unit-checking tool.An important feature of any system dynamics equation is dimensional consistency, which is just a fancy way of saying that the units of measure must be the same on both the left and right sides of the equation. As an example, suppose you had chosen the units of the Federal Debt stock to be dollars and the units of the Interest Rate to be dollars/year. If so, then pressing the apple key and u (alternatively, you could select the Model menu, then select Units Check) simultaneously would yield the following message:Followed by:The problem is that, in this example, the equation for Interest Payments is not dimensionally consistent: the right and left sides of the equation have different units. The flow Interest Payments is measured in dollars per year. The Federal Debt, because it is a stock, is measuredin dollars. Multiplying Federal Debt by something with units in dollars/year results in a quantity that has units in dollars2/year—hence the error.The cause of the problem is that the unit of measure for Interest Rate is incorrect. The interest rate is not measured in dollars per year. An easy way to think about this fact is to recognize that the interest rate really has nothing to do with dollars. It could easily apply to any other currency or any other type of measurement unit. In fact, the interest rate has no unit of measure; it is dimensionless. Although it has no unit of measure, it is, nevertheless, time-dependent; an annual interest rate is not equivalent to a monthly one. As a result, the appropriate unit of measure for Interest Rate is 1/year. If you enter 1/year into the unit field of the interest rate variable and simultaneously press the apple key and u, you should receive the following message:The units in your model now balance.In this example, the unit-checking tool identified an incorrect assumption in a common mental model of the interest rate. Dimensional consistency is an important feature of system dynamics models, and Vensim PLE’s unit-checking feature often helps you to identify serious flaws in both your understanding of the system under consideration and your resulting model formulations. Always make sure that the units in your model balance!The other analysis tools that Vensim PLE provides can also be useful. Thebuttons create “causes” and “uses” trees for a variable. To use these tools, you need to first “select” a variable. To select a variable, first click on theFederal Debt, clicking on the two “causes” and “uses” buttons in sequence gives you:andThetool on the analysis tool bar identifies all the feedback loops of which the selected variable is a member.V. Simulating Your ModelVensim PLE also has tools to help you analyze the behavior of your model. Before analyzing the behavior, however, you must actually simulate the model so that you have some behavior to analyze.To run a simulation, you first need to click on the running manClicking on yes will overwrite the “current” dataset displayed in the box to the right of the running man icon. Selecting “No” will allow you to create a different dataset. It is helpful to choose names that suggest some idea of what is being tested rather than simply using name like SIM1, SIM2, etc. Because this run is the base case run for your model, you might choose to call the run BASE.* Click on No, type in BASE as your new dataset name, click on Save or hit return, and your model will start simulating.Once the simulation run is completed, you can look at the results of your simulation. Vensim PLE provides many tools with which to view simulation output. The most basic, and often the most useful, of these tools is the strip graph. To create a graph of the Federal Debt, first click on thebutton on the analysis tool bar.* Advanced Tip: Vensim PLE also offers you the choice of two numerical integration methods, Euler and Runge-Kutta 4.Runge-Kutta 4 is a more accurate integration method, but it is also more computationally intensive. Generally it is better to use the Euler method and only change if you believe you are seeing integration error.You then see:By the year 2010, given the current assumptions in the model, the federal debt will grow to more than 10 trillion dollars, four times its value in 1988.Besides the strip graph, Vensim PLE provides many other ways to examine simulation output. TheVensim PLE also can present the output in the form of a table rather than a graph. To see a table of the selected variable simply click on thebutton selected, click on Interest Rate. A dialog box will appear. In the constant box change the interest rate from 7% to 3.5%. Again, run this new simulation but do not overwrite the simulation named Base. Instead, name it interest rate.Your new graph should look like this:If you do not wish to see the previous run (base) displayed with the new simulation run, click on theA dialog box appears and shows on the left side the two simulation runs you have created so far. Double-click on the name of the simulation run you wish to remove from the graph (or highlight it and click on the << button to remove it from the right side of the dialog box). Close the Datasets window and close and re-display the strip graph. Now, only the new simulation run should appear.You may also wish to run the model for a longer period of time. In this case, selec t Time Bounds... from the Model menu. You then see the same dialog box that you saw when you first started to develop your model.You can extend your simulation by setting a new date for your final time. Run your model out to the year 2075.。
系统动力学VENSIM中文教程
Vensim 提供图符和字体的丰富多彩的表示方式。对于已有的图符和字体， 有两种方法实现调整。一种是用指针选中图符和变量(注意，图符要选其操作柄)， 然后再点按底部工具条。一种是直接用鼠标右键点按图符操作柄或变量，就会出 现相应的对话框。
4
(1) 利用工具条对图符和字符作调整： 图示工具条功能依次如下：
1. 字体选择：可用来对于当前变量或注释选择任何 windows 所提供的字体。也 可选择汉字。
2. 字体的大小。 3. b：字体的加粗。 4. i：字体倾斜。 5. u：字体加下划线。 6. s：字体加中串线。 7. 设置字体颜色。 8. 设置变量边框颜色。 9. 变量边框形状选择。 10. 文本的位置选择。 11. 设置箭头的颜色。 12. 箭头的形状选择。 13. 设置箭头的极性。一般用“＋，－”，也可选择用“S，N”。 14. 将加亮的字符移到下面。 熟练使用这些工具条可以使模型外观非常漂亮。但这些工具对于模型本身无 实质影响。 (2) 利用对话框操作对图符和字符作调整： 如上所述，用鼠标右键单击要操作的图符操作柄，则会出现相应的对话框。 这些对话框主要有箭头选择对话框，开关选择对话框，注释对话框，变量选择对 话框。其中注释对话框和变量设置对话框我们在后面讨论。 z 箭头选择对话框：图示可以选择极性(可以选择字体)，箭头可以隐藏， 可以无头，可以选择颜色及线的形状和宽度。这是对于因果关系箭头和 速率量箭头操作的。 开关选择对话框：对于速率量的开关操作。用来调整速率变量相对于图符的位置， 图符的颜色等。 3.4 对流图加注释 通过选择建立模型工具条可打开如下注释对话框。注释可以是文字的或图形 的。文字的注释可以选择字体、大小、颜色、加粗等。图形的注释可以选择点位 图或者是可以是 Windows 的图元文件(均可由剪贴板获得)。可以对注释加边框， 选择边框形状等。 3.5 方程和参数的输入 方程的左边一定是某一变量，而 Vensim 是围绕这一变量来建立方程和输入 参数的。在画图工具条中，有一个 Equations 项，当模型各种变量的关系建立完 成以后，点击该项即可对任何一个变量进行建立等式和赋值等工作。点击任何一 个变量后，会先出现对话框。主要内容包括： z 方程编辑：可选择变量、函数、数字和运算符构成方程。 z Variables 输入变量：若流图正确，此变量的因变量均包含于此，并构成 输入变量。在方程编辑中只要从此选择即可，不需要再写入变量了。 z Functions 函数：此处列举了 Vensim 提供的所有函数，可选择进入方程 编辑。
VensimPLE中文教程简体中文
Vensim ® PLE 快速参考与自学手册台湾科技大学摘要1.File(档案)与cutting/pasting(剪下/贴上) 的操作如微软窗口系统之功能‧2.许多功能列中经常使用的功能项目都放在工具栏的按钮，以利操作‧3.专门术语：”click”即按压鼠标左键再释放之‧”drag” 即按压鼠标左键不释放而移动鼠标‧”right-click” 即按压鼠标右键再释放之‧而”control-click” 即按ctrol键及按鼠标左键再释放之，结果与”right-click”相同‧4.Vensim使用默认变量，无论建立任何模块，系统自动建立必要变量而使用它；如标题栏的FINAL TIME变数‧________________________Copyright 2002, Craig W. Kirkwood. All rights reserved. (Email: craig.)Updated on December 12, 2002 by Jennifer Cihla Vender using VensimPLE Version 5.0c1Main Toolbar（工具栏）按钮说明New Model(新模块)：建立一个新的Vensim模块。
Open Model（开启模块）：开启一个存在的Vensim模块。
Save（储存）：以现有文件名储存‧(若要更换文件名，请使用在File下的Save As指令) 。
Print(打印)：打印目前窗口所选择的项目(若无选择则打印整个绘图工作区)。
”print option”小窗口让用户有所选择。
”selection”选择使用鼠标拖曳成矩形的区域。
Cut(剪下)：剪下所选择的项目并储存于回纹夹里。
Copy(复制)：复制所选择的项目并储存于回纹夹里。
Paste(贴上)：将现有回纹夹的数据贴到绘图工作区。
Set up a Simulation(建立模拟)：在绘图工作区中，注记常数与lookup变数。
vensim中文教程
vensim中⽂教程Vensim ? PLE 快速参考与⾃学⼿册台湾科技⼤学摘要1.File(档案)与cutting/pasting(剪下/贴上) 的操作如微软窗⼝系统之功能?2.许多功能列中经常使⽤的功能项⽬都放在⼯具列的按钮，以利操作?3.专门术语：”click”即按压⿏标左键再释放之?”drag” 即按压⿏标左键不释放⽽移动⿏标”right-click” 即按压⿏标右键再释放之?⽽”control-click” 即按ctrol键及按⿏标左键再释放之，结果与”right-click”相同?4.Vensim使⽤预设变量，⽆论建⽴任何模块，系统⾃动建⽴必要变量⽽使⽤它；如标题列的FINAL TIME变数?________________________Copyright 2002, Craig W. Kirkwood. All rights reserved. (Email:craig.kirkwood@/doc/c76cd8959b89680202d82562.html )Updated on December 12, 2002 by Jennifer Cihla Vender using VensimPLE Version 5.0c1Main Toolbar（⼯具列）按钮说明New Model(新模块)：建⽴⼀个新的Vensim模块。
Open Model（开启模块）：开启⼀个存在的Vensim模块。
Save（储存）：以现有⽂件名称储存?(若要更换⽂件名称，请使⽤在File下的Save As指令) 。
Print(打印)：打印⽬前窗⼝所选择的项⽬(若⽆选择则打印整个绘图⼯作区)。
”print option”⼩窗⼝让使⽤者有所选择。
”selection”选择使⽤⿏标拖曳成矩形的区域。
Cut(剪下)：剪下所选择的项⽬并储存于回纹夹⾥。
Copy(复制)：复制所选择的项⽬并储存于回纹夹⾥。
Paste(贴上)：将现有回纹夹的数据贴到绘图⼯作区。
系统动力学vensim软件使用说明
系统动力学v e n s i m软件使用说明Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】因果循环图快速自学手册使用以下步骤，建立如上因果循环图：1．启动Vensim，在工具列点选NewModel，显示”ModelSettingsTimeBounds”对话窗口，再点选”OK”钮即显示空白窗口，就可以开始绘制因果循环图。
2．设定此绘图字型为Arial大小为10点，操作如下：在状态列的左边点选字型名称。
因为尚未选取任何项目，所以显示是否要更改预设字型与颜色，点选”Yes”键，则显示”ViewDefaults”对话窗口，改变”Face”为Arial与”Size”为10，然后点选”OK”钮即可。
3．点选绘图列下的”Variable–Auxiliary/Constant”（“变量-辅助量/常量”）工具，然后在绘图工作区空白窗口，点选一个地方来放置变量”interest”，此时显示编辑框框，输入”interest”再按”Enter”键即可显示字号为Arial10的”interest”。
重复此步骤来建立变量”savings”与”income”如上图。
(提示：如果拼错变量名称，则点选”Variable–Auxiliary/Constant”工具钮，再点选拼错变量的名称，此时显示编辑框框更改之即可。
如果想要完全删除变量或绘图区的其它组件，则点选绘图列下的”Delete”工具钮，再点选它们即可完全删除。
4．重复以上步骤来建立变量”workeffort”如上图。
此时”work”与“effort”显示在同一列，若要将它们放在不同列，则拖曳手把(小圆圈)至左下即可调整之。
如果要改变其它特性，就按鼠标右键或同时按”control”、鼠标左键与点选”workeffort”，则显示对话窗口，它提供变量多样的选择。
在对话窗口左上方，”Shape”标签选取”ClearBox”，所拖曳的小圆圈是改变”workeffort”形状的手把。
系统动力学模拟软件Vensim使用指南资料讲解
系统动力学模拟软件Vensim使用指南严广乐张志刚（上海理工大学管理学院）在目前系统动力学专用的计算机模拟语言软件中，V ensim是界面非常友好的一种模拟工具，它的功能非常强大，可以运行方程数目达数千的大型模型，因此被人们广泛使用，如美国的国家模型等。
一、Vensim软件简介Vensim是美国Ventana Systems公司推出的在Windows操作平台下运行的系统动力学专用软件包，其版本在不断升级，目前最新的版本为V5.0c。
Vensim PLE是Ventana Systems公司提供的个人学习版，可到公司的网站上免费下载试用。
1.1 Vensim软件的主要特点Vensim是一款可视化的模型工具，使用该软件可以对动力学系统模型进行概念化、模拟、分析和优化。
Vensim PLE和PLE Plus是为简化系统动力学的学习而设计的Vensim的标准版本。
Vensim PLE提供了一个非常简单易用的基于因果关系链、状态变量和流图的建模方式。
Vensim用箭头来连接变量，系统变量之间的关系作为因果连接而得到确立，方程编辑器可以帮助方便地建立完整的模拟模型。
通过建立过程、检查因果关系、使用变量以及包含变量的反馈回路，可以分析模型。
当建立起一个可模拟的模型，Vensim可以从全局来研究模型的行为。
Vensim PLE适合于建立规模较小的系统动力学模型，而Vensim PLE Plus功能则更加强大，支持多视图，适合于大型的模型模拟。
Vensim提供了对所建模型的多种分析方法。
Vensim可以对模型进行结构分析和数据集分析，结构分析包括原因数分析、结果树分析和反馈回列表分析，数据集分析包括变量随时间变化的数据值及曲线图分析。
此外，Vensim还可以实现对模型的真实性检验，以判断模型的合理性，从而相应调整模型的参数或结构。
1.2 Vensim PLE的用户界面Vensim PLE的用户界面是标准的Windows应用程序界面。
系统动力学模拟软件Vensim使用指南
系统动力学模拟软件V e n s i m 使用指南(总16页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除系统动力学模拟软件Vensim使用指南严广乐张志刚（上海理工大学管理学院）在目前系统动力学专用的计算机模拟语言软件中，Vensim是界面非常友好的一种模拟工具，它的功能非常强大，可以运行方程数目达数千的大型模型，因此被人们广泛使用，如美国的国家模型等。
一、Vensim软件简介Vensim是美国Ventana Systems公司推出的在Windows操作平台下运行的系统动力学专用软件包，其版本在不断升级，目前最新的版本为。
Vensim PLE是Ventana Systems公司提供的个人学习版，可到公司的网站上免费下载试用。
Vensim软件的主要特点Vensim是一款可视化的模型工具，使用该软件可以对动力学系统模型进行概念化、模拟、分析和优化。
Vensim PLE和PLE Plus是为简化系统动力学的学习而设计的Vensim的标准版本。
Vensim PLE提供了一个非常简单易用的基于因果关系链、状态变量和流图的建模方式。
Vensim用箭头来连接变量，系统变量之间的关系作为因果连接而得到确立，方程编辑器可以帮助方便地建立完整的模拟模型。
通过建立过程、检查因果关系、使用变量以及包含变量的反馈回路，可以分析模型。
当建立起一个可模拟的模型，Vensim可以从全局来研究模型的行为。
Vensim PLE适合于建立规模较小的系统动力学模型，而Vensim PLE Plus功能则更加强大，支持多视图，适合于大型的模型模拟。
Vensim提供了对所建模型的多种分析方法。
Vensim可以对模型进行结构分析和数据集分析，结构分析包括原因数分析、结果树分析和反馈回列表分析，数据集分析包括变量随时间变化的数据值及曲线图分析。
此外，Vensim还可以实现对模型的真实性检验，以判断模型的合理性，从而相应调整模型的参数或结构。
系统动力学软件vensim中文教程之欧阳语创编
Vensim ® PLE 快速参考与自学手册台湾科技大学时间：2021.03.01 创作：欧阳语摘要1.File(档案)与cutting/pasting(剪下/贴上) 的操作如微软窗口系统之功能‧2.许多功能列中经常使用的功能项目都放在工具列的按钮，以利操作‧3.专门术语：”click”即按压鼠标左键再释放之‧”drag” 即按压鼠标左键不释放而移动鼠标‧”right-click” 即按压鼠标右键再释放之‧而”control-click” 即按ctrol键及按鼠标左键再释放之，结果与”right-cli ck”相同‧4.Vensim使用预设变量，无论建立任何模块，系统自动建立必要变量而使用它；如标题列的FINAL TIME变数‧________________________Copyright 2002, Craig W. Kirkwood. All rights reserved. (Email: craig.kirkwood@)Updated on December 12, 2002 by Jennifer CihlaVender using VensimPLE Version 5.0c1Main Toolbar（工具列）按钮说明New Model(新模块)：建立一个新的Vensim模块。
Open Model（开启模块）：开启一个存在的Vensim模块。
Save（储存）：以现有文件名称储存‧(若要更换文件名称，请使用在File下的Save As指令) 。
Print(打印)：打印目前窗口所选择的项目(若无选择则打印整个绘图工作区)。
”print option”小窗口让使用者有所选择。
”selection”选择使用鼠标拖曳成矩形的区域。
Cut(剪下)：剪下所选择的项目并储存于回纹夹里。
Copy(复制)：复制所选择的项目并储存于回纹夹里。
Paste(贴上)：将现有回纹夹的数据贴到绘图工作区。
vensim操作手册（系统动力学）
vensim操作⼿册（系统动⼒学）Formulating Models of Simple SystemsusingVensim PLEversion 3.0BProfessor Nelson RepenningSystem Dynamics GroupMIT Sloan School of ManagementCambridge, MA O2142Edited by Laura Black, Farzana S. Mohamed, and students in the System Dynamics in EducationProject, April 1998.Copyright ? 1998 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.I. Introduction and Getting StartedThe purpose of this tutorial is to help you develop some familiarity with building and analyzing system dynamics models using the Vensim PLE software. In order to become familiar with Vensim PLE, you are going to build a simple model of the federal deficit.To begin you need to get Vensim PLE ready for modeling. This tutorial makes use of the Macintosh version on Vensim PLE; the IBM-Compatible version should work similarly, but some of the screens may look different. When you first open Vensim PLE on your computer, the screen should look like this:To start working on a new model go to the File menu and select New Model. Vensim PLE will return the following dialog box:To begin your effort you must choose the time horizon of your model (when your simulation will start and finish), the appropriate time step (how accurately you wish to simulate your model), and the units of time. Start your model of the deficit in 1988 (enter 1988 in the INITIAL TIME box) and simulate it through the year 2010. Select a time step of 0.25 years. Finally, change the units of time from Month to Year. Your dialog box should now look like this:Click on OK or hit return. To give your model a name, choose the Save As... command from the File menu and enter the desired name in the text field and click on OK. (Vensim PLE should automatically supply the .mdl extension. If you are working with a different version of Vensim and see a Show all of type option on the right side of the dialog box, make sure that the .mdl Fmt Models extension is selected. This allows Vensim PLE to save the model in a format that can be used by both Macintosh and IBM-compatible computers.)?Vensim saves every simulation run and custom graph you produce as a separate file. It supplies a .vdf extension for simulation runs. These files cannot be opened from outside the Vensim application; they can be opened from inside Vensim through the Datasets / Simulate Model... and Control / Custom Graphs dialog boxes.Your screen should now look like this:You are ready to start building your model.II. Developing the Stock, Flow, and Feedback StructureThe Vensim PLE software is designed using the metaphor of a “work bench.” The large blank area in the middle of the screen is your work area, where you actually develop and analyze your model. The different buttons on the border of the work area represent the different “tools”available as you work on your model. The upper toolbar consists of the Title Bar, a Menu, a Main Toolbar, and Sketch Tools. The Main Toolbar comprises two sets of tools: file operation tools that control standard file functions—opening, closing and saving files, printing, cutting, copying, and pasting—as well as simulation and graphing tools that will allow you to set up and run simulations, and set up display graphs. The sketch tools allow you to build in model components. The tools on the Status Bar (the bottom of the window) allow you to change the formatting of the diagram. The Analysis Tools on the left on the window are tools that you will use to analyze your model to understand its behavior. You will become familiar with many of these tools as you build the deficit model.To begin, add a stock representing the outstanding federal debt to your model. Click on theYou have just created the first variable in your model, the stock of money that constitutes the federal debt.Now, add the inflow to the stock of Debt. Click on theNote: Thetool and then click on the flow valve. This action will remove the flow from the model and let you start over again.You have now created the flow, Net Federal Deficit, which increases the stock of Debt.At this point you may you wish to change the name of the stock variable from Debt to FederalDebt. Click on theNow you need to create the variables needed to determine the Net Federal Deficit. Assume the Net Federal Deficit is determined by two variables, Government Revenues and TotalGovernment Expenses. Click on thebutton to select the causal arrow tool. Now, click and release on the variable Government Revenue and then click and release again on Net Federal Deficit. Do the same for Total Government Expenses. Make sure your causal arrows actually end on the words Net Federal Deficit. They should not be attached to the cloud, the stock, or directly to the valve.You can delete arrows using theClicking on theNow, you may want to update your diagram by labeling the arrows to show that Government Revenue and Total Government Expense affect the Net Federal Deficit in different ways. Specifically, an increase in revenue causes the deficit to decrease, while an increase in expenses causes the deficit to increase. To do this, first click on thebutton on the bottom horizontal toolbar. You then see a pop-up menu that looks like this:Click and release on the desired label, and it will show up in the diagram. Label your two causal arrows so your diagram looks like this:Now, using the same steps discussed above, complete the stock, flow and feedback so your diagram looks like this:You may want to slide the handle of each arrow close to its arrowhead, so each label is clearly associated with its causal arrow.Finally, you may wish to label the positive feedback loop you have just created. Click on theClick on the Loop Clkwse button in the Shape box; click on Center in the Text Position box; and type R, for reinforcing, in the Comment box. You may also type + or P to denote a positive feedback, also known as a reinforcing, loop. Your screen should now look like this:Click on the OK button or hit return. Your screen should now appear as:III. Specifying Equations for Your ModelNow that you have developed a complete stock, flow, and feedback representation of the deficit, you need to write equations for each of the variables. Equation formulation is a critical step in the process of model building and is a key part of the process of developing a rigorous understanding of the problem at hand.To begin writing equations, click on theA highlighted variable indicates that the equation for that variable is incomplete.Variables in system dynamics models are classified as either exogenous or endogenous. Exogenous variables are those that are not part of a feedback loop, while endogenous variables are members of at least one feedback loop. Your deficit model has three exogenous variables—Government Revenue, Other Government Expenses, and the Interest Rate—and four endogenous variables—Interest Payments, Total Government Expense, Net Federal Deficit, and the Federal Debt.Start by writing the equations for the exogenous variables. To begin, click on the highlighted variable Government Revenue. You then see the following dialog box:Good modeling practice requires that each equation in a model have three elements: the equation itself, specified units of measure, and complete documentation. You enter the equation in the box to the right of the = sign. You enter the unit of measure in the text field to the right of the word Units. Equation documentation or “comment” is entered in the box to the right of the word Comment.To write an equation for Government Revenue, click in the box to the right of the = sign. Assume that government revenue is constant, so that all you need to do is enter the appropriate number for government revenue. In 1988, government revenue was about 900 billion dollars annually, so type 900000000000 in the box. Alternatively, you can write 9e11, which is Vensim PLE shorthand for 9 * 1011.Now, fill in the units. Revenue is a flow variable, so the appropriate unit of measure for this equation is dollars/time unit. Because you already chose to run the model in time steps of 1 year, the appropriate unit is dollars/year. Type dollars/year in the units field. (The next time you specify the units for a variable in this model, dollars/year will appear in the units pull-down menu. You can click on the arrowhead to the right of the units field to see units already specified for other variables in the model, and then use the mouse to select the units from that list when appropriate.) Finally, provide a description of this equation in the comment field. A good comment will be brief, but it will also give the reader the logic behind the equation as well as state the key assumptions. For example, one might write for this equation:Government revenues are assumed to be constant and equal to 900 billiondollars annually based on the actual value in 1988.Your dialog box should now look like this:Click on OK or hit return and your diagram will look like this:Government Revenue is no longer highlighted because you have just specified its equation.Following the process above, write equations for the two other exogenous variables, Interest Rate and Other Government Expenses. Use the following information:Government expenses, excluding interest on the debt, were approximately 900 billion dollars in 1988.The interest rate paid on the national debt in 1988 was around 7%/year.Now that the equations for the exogenous variables are formulated, turn your attention to the endogenous variables. Writing equations for the stocks and the flows is a little different, so let’s do an example of each. First we formulate the equation for the stock, Federal Debt.Again, click on theThe following dialog box will be displayed:Unlike flows and constants, a stock requires that an additional element be specified in its formulation; after you specify the equation, you need to select an initial or starting value.You enter the equation for the stock in the box to the right of the word Integ. Integ stands for “integrate” and simply means that the stock at any moment in time is equal to the sum of all the inflows minus the sum of all the outflows plus the initial value. When you created the stock, flow, and feedback diagram, you connected the flow Net Federal Deficit to the stock Federal Debt. Vensim PLE captures this stock-flow dependency by providing a list of the required Variables to the stock Federal Debt on the right side of the equation dialog box. (The variable we are formulating, Federal Debt, itself also appears in the Variables box, but we focus on the input Net Federal Deficit. In general, you will never want to have the same variable onboth the left and right sides of an equation.)Because the model diagram shows the flow Net Federal Deficit feeding into the stock Federal Debt, Vensim has anticipated that the flow is an input to the stock equation and has placed the Net Federal Deficit variable name in the box to the right of Integ. If this is not the case in your version of Vensim PLE, then simply click in the box to the right of the Integ and then click on the variable Net Federal Deficit in the Variables box to write the equation for the change in Federal Debt. (Note:If Net Federal Deficit is not in the Variables box, then your model diagram is incorrect and needs to be changed—make sure the flow is attached to the stock).The Integ box should now look like this:Below the Integ box is the Initial Value box. Here you enter the initial condition or starting point for the stock. In 1988, the outstanding federal debt was approximately 2.5 trillion dollars, so enter 2500000000000 in the initial value box (alternatively you can write 2.5e12, which is Vensim PLE shorthand for 2.5 x 1012). The Initial Value box should look like this:Now the equation specification for the Federal Debt stock is complete. Your equation indicates that the federal debt is simply the accumulation of the Net Federal Deficit since 1988 added to the initial value.You still need to specify the unit of measure and document your equation in the comment field. The units should be fairly straightforward. The Federal Debt is a stock and its units are dollars. Useful comments briefly explain the structure of the equation and highlight the key assumptions made. A sample comment for Federal Debt is:The Federal Debt is the accumulation of the Net Federal Deficit plus theinitial value of the debt. The initial value is set to 2.5 trillion dollars,which was the approximate outstanding federal debt in 1988—the startingpoint for this simulation.Your dialog box should now look like this:。
系统动力学模拟软件Vensim使用指南
系统动力学模拟软件Vensim使用指南严广乐张志刚（上海理工大学管理学院）在目前系统动力学专用的计算机模拟语言软件中，V ensim是界面非常友好的一种模拟工具，它的功能非常强大，可以运行方程数目达数千的大型模型，因此被人们广泛使用，如美国的国家模型等。
一、Vensim软件简介Vensim是美国Ventana Systems公司推出的在Windows操作平台下运行的系统动力学专用软件包，其版本在不断升级，目前最新的版本为V5.0c。
Vensim PLE是Ventana Systems公司提供的个人学习版，可到公司的网站上免费下载试用。
1.1 Vensim软件的主要特点Vensim是一款可视化的模型工具，使用该软件可以对动力学系统模型进行概念化、模拟、分析和优化。
Vensim PLE和PLE Plus是为简化系统动力学的学习而设计的Vensim的标准版本。
Vensim PLE提供了一个非常简单易用的基于因果关系链、状态变量和流图的建模方式。
Vensim用箭头来连接变量，系统变量之间的关系作为因果连接而得到确立，方程编辑器可以帮助方便地建立完整的模拟模型。
通过建立过程、检查因果关系、使用变量以及包含变量的反馈回路，可以分析模型。
当建立起一个可模拟的模型，Vensim可以从全局来研究模型的行为。
Vensim PLE适合于建立规模较小的系统动力学模型，而Vensim PLE Plus功能则更加强大，支持多视图，适合于大型的模型模拟。
Vensim提供了对所建模型的多种分析方法。
Vensim可以对模型进行结构分析和数据集分析，结构分析包括原因数分析、结果树分析和反馈回列表分析，数据集分析包括变量随时间变化的数据值及曲线图分析。
此外，Vensim还可以实现对模型的真实性检验，以判断模型的合理性，从而相应调整模型的参数或结构。
1.2 Vensim PLE的用户界面Vensim PLE的用户界面是标准的Windows应用程序界面。
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矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。