定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择

定语从句关系代词和关系副词的选择

----by 成都树德中学兰银清

一）定语从句的概念：句中修饰限定或者补充说明名词或者代词的是一个句子，这个句子就是定语从句

We can’t ignore the difficulties that/which lie ahead.

All that I want is your happiness.

What is the name of the man who just came in.

I like those who smile a lot.

There are a lot of students here whose parents work outside.

This is the school where I used work.

定语从句的先行词: 被定语从句饰限定或者补充说明名词或者代词

引导定语从句的关系代词：who, whom , which, that, whose，as

引导定语从句的关系副词：when, where, why，as

二）如何选用关系代词？

1.判成分如果定语从句需要主语或者宾语，就要选用关系代词who, whom（作宾语），that, which.

2.确定先行词

1)先行词如果指人选用who, whom(作宾语)或者that，在实际运用中多使用who; 先行词如果指物选用that或者 which，在实际运用中多使用that

先行词（ｎ／ｐｒｏｎ）＋ｗｈｏ／ｗｈｏｍ／ｔｈａｔ

1，Do you know the people_________ live next door ?

2，This is the man _________I met on the train last week.

3，It is a book_________ will interest children of all ages.

4，I have found the car keys __________you were looking for.

注意：(1）、在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系单词可以省略

This is the man (who/that/whom) I met on the train last week.

(2）限定性定语从句需要表语，用that

I am not the man that I was ten years ago.

Wenzhou is not the place that it was 20 years ago.

2) Whose 引导的定语从句

当定语从句需要所有格（也可以理解为定语），则需要用whose。只要定语从句需要所有格，先行词指人，指物，指地点都要whose。

先行词（ｎ／ｐｒｏｎ）＋ｗｈｏｓｅ

6.We stopped to help some people ________ car broke down.

7.I live in the house ________ door is red.

8.You don’t need to look up every word ________ meaning is not clear.

9.The school shop, __________customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.（高考）

注意：whose指物时， whose +n= the n of which/of which the n

10.You don’t need to look up every word ________ meaning is not clear.

= You don’t need to look up every word the meaning of ______ is not clear.

11.We are introducing a new system, _________ aim is to cut costs.

=We are introducing a new system of _______ the aim is to cut costs.

12. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.

13. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.

14.She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of_______ had taken more than three years.（高考）

15.The newly-built cafe, the walls of ___________are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.

三）如何选用关系副词

1）判成分：如果定语从句不需要主语或者宾语，多半要选择关系副词

2）确定先行词：先行词指地点用where; 指时间用when;指原因（reason）,用why.

在定语从句中，when/where/why = 适合介词+which

1，I will never forget the day when I first met you.

=I will never forg e t the day ______ _________ I first met you.

2, This is the school where I once worked.

=This is the school ____ ______ I once worked.

3, Do you know the reason why she doesn’t like me ?

= Do you know the reason _______ ________which she doesn’t like me ?

4.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_____ life has developed gradually.

5. I live in a small city, ________ population are mostly migrants.(本人自编题)

注意：

1，先行词是时间、地点或者原因，但是定语从句需要主语或者宾语，则把先行词看成是指物，要使用关系代词that/which

试比较：

1）This is the school ________ I used to work.

2）This is the school _______ I used to work in.

3) Chengdu No. 9 Senior High School, ______ is a national key school, is where I used to work.

4) Chengdu No. 9 Senior High School, _______ I used to work, is a national key school.

5),This is the school __________I visited last week.

6),I will never forget the days _________ we stayed together.

7),I will never forget the days __________ we spent together in the summer.

8), The reason _____________ he gave me sounds good.

9),The reason__________ he dislikes me is that I tell exactly what I think of him.

10).By 16: 30, ___________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold out.

12), I would rather go to visit the factory next week, ________ I won’t be busy. (本人自编题)

13）Finally, he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world.

14) That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

15)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ______ it will keep for two or three weeks.

2. 定语从句一般紧跟先行词，但是有时也可能被其它成分隔开。(一定要找准先行词哦！) 1）He is the only teacher in my office_______ has been to London .

2）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.