大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)C类非英语专业初赛真题2019年(本科生)

大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)C类非英语专业初赛真题2019年(本科生)
Part Ⅰ Listening C o m p r e h e n s i o n
Section A
In this section, you will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end o f each conversation, one question will be asked, and you will have fifteen seconds to read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the a ns w e r sheet with a single line through the ce n t r e.
1.
A.The more one rests, the better one performs duties.
B.A good rest makes one's brain more creative.
C.Drinking a cup of coffee is also a good way to rest.
D.Working without rest is harmful to health.
2.
A.She reported the problem to her boss.
B.She negotiated with Tim for a solution.
C.She kept a record of her contribution.
D.She asked her colleague to help her.
3.
A.Tones and characters.
B.Reading and writing.
C.Grammar and vocabulary.
D.Idioms and culture.
A [听力原
文]
M: Well, I started learning Chinese a long time ago. First I learned a little bit when I was in college. But I probably picked up most of it when I was overseas in Beijing.
W: Did you meet any difficulties in your learning?
M: Two o f t h e m os t c hallenging th i ngs w hen you s tudy C h i n e s e a r e t h e t on e s a nd t h e c haracters. I think that's
just extremely difficult. And it was frustrating to be teaching...teaching kindergarten students a nd
r ealizi ng that their reading was much better than mine.
What arc the most challenging things for the man in learning Chinese?
[解析] 男士说，学习汉语最有挑战性的两个方面是声调和汉字。

故选A。

4.
A.He is interested in reading its war stories.
B.He learns about the heroic deeds of ancient warriors.
C.He applies its strategies to basketball matches.
D.He tells its war stories to the basketballers he coaches.
C [听力原
文]
W: Hey, do a lot of people in America know about The Art of War?
M: Not many. They s a y t h e h ea d c o ac h o f t h e L os A ng ele s L a k e rs h a s a c opy of T he Art of War and he teaches
his p l a y e rs s o me o f i t s s trategies. Miss Yang, you know who the Lakers are, right?
W: Of course, I know the Lakers, it's a great team.
How does the head coach of Lakers use The Art of War according to the man?
[解析] 男士说，洛杉矶湖人队的主教练有一份《孙子兵法》的副本，他运用一些书中的策略来训练球员。

故选C。

5.
A.It s punctual but a bit scary.
B.It's the best means of transportation.
C.It's a nightmare during rush hours.
D.It's not bad but too crowded.
D [听力原
文]
W: Traffic in New York can be a nightmare during rush hours. It's bumper-to-bumper everywhere in the city.
M: Doesn't the subway service get really backed up too? I've heard there're lots of d ela ys. W:
Yeah, the subway can run late sometimes too, but it's still more dependable than the bus.
M: Yeah, the subway is probably a good idea, but I hate being squeezed into those smelly coaches with all those strangers.
How is the subway service in New York according to the man?
[解析] 男士说，坐地铁也许是个不错的选择，但不喜欢和那些陌生人挤在臭烘烘的车厢里。

也就是说，纽约的地铁是个不错的选择但是拥挤。

故选D。

Section B
In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end o f each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, read the questions and mark your answers on the answer sheet with a single line through the ce n t r e.
C o n v e r s a t i o n O n e
Listen to the conversation, mark each statement as either true(T) or f a l s e(F) according to what you h e a r.
[解析] 女士对罗伯特说，从他的申请表中注意到，他在高中和大学之间休学一年，问他这一年做了什么。

表述不符合原文，故为F。

2. Robert got plenty of work experience in Australia and he also travelled a lot in Australia and New Zealand.
T
[解析] 罗伯特说，他有丰富的工作经验，但所做的主要是旅行。

他花了很多时间在澳大利亚旅行和工作。

最后还去了新西兰并在那里旅行了几个月。

表述符合原文，故为T。

3. Robert enjoyed working on a building site because he wanted to be a good engineer.
T
[解析] 罗伯特说，看清事物实质的一面是有趣的，他父亲说，一名优秀的工程师必须弄脏他的双手。

也就是说罗伯特喜欢建筑工地上的工作，因其想成为一名优秀的工程师。

表述符合原文，故为T。

4. The reasons why Robert chose to study in Westley University were its good reputation in Civil Engineering and the good future of its graduates.
T
[解析] 罗伯特说，在土木工程领域，韦斯特利大学这个专业有很好的声誉，他查看数据发现该校毕业生直接进入行业的比例非常高。

表述符合原文，故为T。

5. Robert wanted to learn mountaineering so he could go hiking sometimes.
F
[解析] 罗伯特说，他对登山也非常感兴趣，并且中部的校园距离斯诺登尼亚距离不太远，所以他可以在工作允许的情况下在周末去远足。

表述不符合原文，故为F。

C o n v e r s a t i o n T wo
Listen to the conversation. Then read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer according to what you h e a r.
1. How ma ny s cie n ti s t s d i d t h e ma n cite a s e x am p le s t o ill us t r ate h i s po i n t?
A.3.
B.4.
C.134.
D.135.
had a long-lasting hobby: chess or insect collecting. Twenty-five percent of the Nobel Prize winners played a musical instrument and 18 percent drew or painted regularly. Of the common scientists, under one percent
A.He was doing research in the lab.
B.He was resting in a cafeteria.
C.He was having a bath at home.
D.He was making mould for painting.
C
[解析] 男士说，阿基米德著名的“尤里卡”灵感是在他洗澡的时候想到的。

故选C。

3. How d i d R ob e r t R oo t-Bem s tei n c ondu ct h i s s t udy?
A.He collected data from many high achievers in science.
B.He did a psychology test among 134 famous scientists.
C.He compared the hobbies of Nobel Prize winning chemists with those of other scientists.
D.He made a detailed analysis of the hobbies of 134 Nobel Prize winning scientists.
C
[解析] 男士说，罗伯特·鲁特·伯恩斯坦最近的一项研究比较了134位诺贝尔化学家与其他科学家的爱好。

故选C。

4. W h at d i d R ob e r t R oo t-Be rns tei n f i nd a bou t t h e Nob el Pr ize w i nn i ng c h emi s t s i n h i s r ece n t s t udy?
A.They were all artistic as well as intelligent.
B.Most of them had a long-lasting hobby.
C.They enjoyed playing musical instruments.
D.They were all environmentally friendly.
B
[解析] 男士说，在罗伯特·鲁特·伯恩斯研究的科学家中，几乎所有人都有一个长期的爱好。

故选B。

5. W h at i s t h e c on cl us i on of R ob e r t R oo t-Bem s tei n's s t udy?
A.Only the most creative person can be a genius.
B.Inspiration usually comes when one expects it.
C.There are connections between different aspects of life.
D.Creative hobbies and interests often help people excel.
D
[解析] 男士最后说到，善于建立这种联系的人，追求创造性爱好和兴趣的人，往往擅长于他们的特定领域。

故选D。

Section C
In this section, you will hear five short news items. Each item will be read only once. After each item, t h e r e will be a fifteen-second pause. During the pause, read the question and the four choices marked A, B, C a nd D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the ce n t r e.
1. W h at i s t h e aim of T h e r e s a M a y's p la n?
A.To negotiate with the EU for an alternative Brexit deal.
B.To win the House of Commons'support for her reelection.
C.To reject the British Parliament's proposal on Brexit.
D.To seek Parliament's approval of Britain's withdrawal from the EU.
2. W h at i s t h e mai n fun cti on of t h e s im p le d e v ice?
A.To identify crop diseases quickly.
B.To provide treatment for crop diseases.
C.To control the spread of crop diseases.
D.To warn farmers of crop diseases.
能是快速识别疾病。

故选A
3. W h at a r e so me s cie n ti s t s do i ng w it h S a r a h Ta y l or?
A.Identifying the possible cause of her illness.
B.Studying the relations between pain and illness.
C.Looking for an objective way to measure pain.
D.Designing a device to effectively cure pain.
4. W h at do e s Elle n Jov i n do i n N e w York's subw a y?
A.She invites charity donations from passengers.
B.She gives tourists information about New York.
C.She helps passengers get on and off the trains.
D.She answers grammar questions from passengers.
5. W h e r e do e s t h e i nfor mati on a bou t ca rbon emi ss i ons c o me fro m?
A.A university environmental project's analysis.
B.The study by an independent research group.
C.The government's annual environmental report.
D.Experts' estimate based on last decade's data.
2010.
[解析] 新闻第二句提到，该信息基于一个独立研究小组的早期估测。

故选B。

Section D
In this section, you will hear two short passages. The passages will be read twice. After each passage, t h e r e will be a thirty-second pause. During the pause, write the answers on the answer sheet.
D ic t a t i o n
Listen to the passage. For questions 21～25, fill in the blanks with the exact words or phrases you h e a r. Tomatoes originally come from South America and have been eaten by people there for thousands of years. T od a y, t o mat o e s a r e popu la r 1 . How e v e r, wh e n t h e y w e r e f i rs t i n t rodu ce d, t h e r e w a s qu ite a b it of 2 surrounding them.
Ancient Aztec writings mention recipes for dishes of tomatoes, pepper, and salt—probably the first salsa recipe! Spanish soldiers conquered the Aztecs and brought tomato seeds back with them to Europe. In Europe, these yellowish tomatoes were first called " 3 ". People were afraid to eat tomatoes because the plant looked similar to the nightshade plant, a deadly poison. German people even thought that if someone ate tomatoes, they would 4 a werewolf. However, by the mid-1800s, people all over the world had accepted tomatoes as a good food to eat.
Nevertheless, tomatoes were due for more problems. Do you think tomatoes are a fruit or vegetable. Actually they are a fruit. However, in America, they are a vegetable by law. Why are tomatoes legally vegetable in America? In the 1800s, there was no import tax on fruit from other countries, but there was an import tax on vegetables. At that time, many tomatoes were coming from other countries into America, and American tomato farmers became worried about 5 . The government made tomatoes a vegetable by la w so that non-American tomatoes would be taxed.
2.
controversy and worry
3.
apples of gold
4.
change into
5.
making a living
S u mm a r y
Listen to the passage. For questions 26～30, complete the notes using no more than three words for e a c h blank.
The list of changes that might occur in the future came from 1 of various fields in Europe and the United States. They were trying to 2 about how life will be different in the year 2025. The group says that 3
w ill be used for more than just keeping people healthy. People in advanced countries will use less energy than before whereas people in countries without 4 will use more energy than before. Detailed personal information will be included in special identification cards. Moreover, international travel will become easier in the future because 5 will be used by most travelers.
2.
make predictions
[解析] 根据原文可知，欧洲和美国的18个大型组织共同努力，对2025年世界将如何与众不同做出一些现实的预测。

因此应填入make predictions。

3.
genetics
[解析] 根据原文可知，遗传学不仅仅用于保持人们的健康。

因此应填入genetics。

4.
advanced technology
[解析] 根据原文可知，在没有先进技术的国家，每个人将使用的能源量是他们在2010年使用的1.6 倍。

因此应填入advanced technology。

5.
a worldwide currency
[解析] 根据原文可知，一种货币将用于国际业务，这种全球货币将主要由商务人士和旅行者使用。

这里的worldwide currency“全球货币”并非特指，用不定冠词a修饰即可。

因此应填入a worldwide currency。

Part ⅡVo c abu l a r y &
G r a mm a r
There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each blank there are five choices marked A, B, C, D and E. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the a ns w e r sheet with a single line through the ce n t r e.
setting fire to the building but he firmly denied in the area on the 1. The police accused him
night of the fire.
A.from; being
B.in; being
C.of; having been
D.on; to be
E.on; to have been
C
[解析] 警方指控他放火烧毁该建筑物，但他坚决否认在火灾当晚曾在该地区。

本题考查固定短语。

accuse sb. of doing sth. 意为“控告某人做了某事”。

“否认做……”，翻译为d e ny doing sth. 。

“在该地区”的动作发生在“否认”之前，用deny having done sth. 。

根据语法和句意，故选C。

2. You should try to make some of your differences so that you can work together without quarrels.
A.adjustment
B.arrangement
C.development
D.improvement
E.movement
A
[解析] 你们应该尝试调整你们之间的分歧，这样你们就可以在没有争吵的情况下一起工作。

选项A为“调整”；选项B为“安排”；选项C为“发展”；选项D为“改进”；选项E为“运动”。

根据句意，故选A。

3. The United Nations is trying to the serious problems created by the energy crisis.
ply with
B.cope with
e up with
D.put up with
E.submit to
B
[解析] 联合国正在努力应对能源危机带来的严重问题。

本题考查短语辨析。

选项A为“遵守”；选项B为“处理，应对”；选项C为“提出”；选项D为“忍受”；选项E为“提交”。

根据句意，故选B。

some 4. The company's profits last year were worse than expected so they are certainly going to
workers.
A.care for
B.help out
y off
D.put down
E.strike on
C
[解析] 该公司去年的利润比预期的要糟糕，所以他们肯定要解雇一些工人。

本题考查短语辨析。

选项A为“关心”；选项B为“帮助”；选项C为“解雇”；选项D为“放下”；选项E为“袭击”。

根据句意，故选C。

5. When Catherine told me that she was going to ride the horse herself in the race I was
and for a while couldn't think of anything to say.
A.caught up
B.driven away
C.wiped out
D.pulled off
E.taken aback
E
[解析] 当凯瑟琳告诉我，她将在比赛中自己骑马时，我吃了一惊，一时间不知道说什么才好。

本题考查短语辨析。

选项A为“赶上”；选项B为“赶走”；选项C为“消灭”；选项D为“拉下”；选项E为“吃了一惊”。

根据句意，故选E。

6. I can't give you an answer yet. I need more time to consider my decision.
A.ever
B.fairly
C.quite
D.rather
E.some
D
[解析] 我还不能给您答案。

我需要更多时间来考虑我的决定。

本题考查词义辨析。

选项A与比较级连用，为“以前；任何时候”，可排除；B为“还算；相当”，语气很弱；选项C语气稍重，意为“颇；相当”，常用来修饰原级；选项D为“十分；相当”，常与than连用；选项E为“一些”。

根据句意，此处表达，还需要一些时间，故选D。

7. —Simon still hasn't returned from the meeting.
—Really? I'm sure he expected to be back .
A.before long now
B.long before now
C.now before long
D.now long before
E.long now before
B
[解析] —西蒙在参加会议，还没回来。

—真的?我确信，他很久之前就想回来了。

本题考查短语辨析。

选项A为“不久，现在”；选项B为“在现在之前，很久之前”；选项C为“现在没过多久”；没有选项D和选项E词组搭配用法。

根据句意，故选B。

8. To our surprise, lessons were not so difficult as we thought.
A.the first few English
B.to few first English
C.The English few first
D.the first English few
E.the English first few
A
[解析] 令我们惊讶的是，前几节英语课程并不像我们想象得那么难。

本题考查名词前修饰语顺序。

此题修饰语顺序应为：冠词+序数词+代词+形容词+名词，根据语法和句意，故选A。

the colour of 9. Every citizen in this country has the right and freedom to live where they want to
their skin.
A.by way of
B.in the light of
C.owing to
D.regardless of
E.with regard to
D
[解析] 无论肤色如何，这个国家的每个公民都有权利和自由选择自己的居住地。

本题考查短语辨析。

选项A为“通过”；选项B为“根据”；选项C为“由于”；选项D为“不管，不顾”；选项E为“关于”。

根据句意，故选D。

10. as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used.
A.Being estimated that
B.It estimates that
C.It is estimated that
D.That is estimated
E.There is estimated
C
[解析] 据估计，多达1/4的采伐木材未被使用。

本题考查主语从句。

it做形式主语，that引导主语从句充当句子真正主语。

it与“估测”之间是被动关
系，故应该用“It is estimated that”根据语法，故选C
11. —Have you heard an English expression about dogs and tricks?
—Yeah, it is "You can't teach an dog tricks."
A.old; new
B.idle; any
C.old; difficult
D.idle; such
E.old; odd
A
[解析] —你听过关于狗和伎俩的英文表达吗?
—是的，它是“你不能教老狗新技巧。

”
本题考查固定搭配。

(谚语)没法让老狗学新把戏，意思是“很难让人们改变他们的方式”。

故选A。

12. The painter Jacob Lawrence frequently incorporated patterns into his compositions, making them more striking than they would have been.
A.therefore
B.still
C.otherwise
D.rather
E.better
C
[解析] 画家雅各布·劳伦斯经常将图像融入他的作品中，使他们比原本更加引人注目。

本题考查副词词义辨析。

选项A为“因此”；选项B为“仍然是”；选项C为“在其他方面；别样；以另外方式”；选项D为“而不是”；选项E为“更好”。

根据句意，故选C。

13. In 1908, the first international rugby match was Rousseau painted the happy scene and The Football P l a y e r s and background. in Paris between France and England. Henri
a landscape with rich colours in the trees
A.held; arouses
B.made; flows
C.operated; owns
D.played; features
E.designed; aims
D
[解析] 1908年，法国和英国在巴黎举行了第一场国际橄榄球比赛。

亨利·卢梭描绘下了这幅欢乐的画面，《足球运动员们》在树木和背景上构成了一幅色彩丰富的风景画。

本题考查动词运用。

表示双方打比赛常用动词play；第二个空格处用动词feature表示“特写，以……为特征”。

选项A为“举办；引起”；选项B为“制造；流动”；选项C为“操作；拥有”；选项E为“设计；目标”。

根据句意，故选D。

14. —Come on! I forgot how to play this computer game.
—It's easy. Just follow the instructions.
—
A.I'm sorry to hear that.
B.Oh, now I see.
C.You're welcome.
D.Please try again.
E.Are you kidding?
B
[解析] —快点!我忘了怎么玩这个电脑游戏。

—这很简单，只需按照说明操作即可。

—哦，现在我明白了。

根据上下文推断，双方讨论如何玩电脑游戏。

选项A为“听到这个消息我很难过”；选项B为“噢，现在我明白了”；选项C为“不用谢”；选项D为“请再试一次”；选项E为“你在开玩笑吧”。

根据句意，故选B。

15. —You look so happy. What happened?
—I became a member of the drama club.
—
A.I'm sure you will do better next time.
B.Are you ready to give up?
C.I'm really glad to hear that.
D.I've been trying for a month now.
E.Can you let me go this time?
C
[解析] —你看起来挺高兴。

发生了什么?
—我成了戏剧俱乐部的一员。

—我很高兴听到这个消息。

根据上文可知，双方在讨论一个好消息。

选项A为“我相信你下次会做得更好”；选项B为“你准备放弃了吗”；选项C为“我很高兴听到这个消息”；选项D为“我已经尝试了一个月了”；选项E为“你能让我这次离开吗”。

根据句意，故选C。

Part ⅢC l o ze
Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word. Choose the correct word in one of the following three ways: according to the context, by using the correct form of the given word, or by using the given letter(s) of the word. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.
Celebrities and the media have a distinctly 'love-hate' relationship and, whilst they recognize their mutual dependency, striking a balance between their res 1 interests is an on-going challenge for both groups.
In the worlds of sport, entertainment and politics, celebrities depend on the press, social media, photographers and radio and television to raise their public profile, and afford them the visibility essential to success in their highly 2 (compete) professions. For example, top-class sports celebrities rely on income from commercial sponsorship to pay for 3 (expense) coaching, fitness and training facilities. In the entertainment business, glamorous award ceremonies and opening nights of much-anticipated films not only pro 4 the cast with what is undoubtedly an enjoyable and well-deserved celebration of their success, but also an opportunity for valuable exposure to their fans as well as to influential figures in their own ind 5 .
At the same time, sales revenues from advertising and audience ratings are boosted by stories a bou t famous figures, which range from casual gossip to carefully researched information, dep 6 on their purpose and target audience.
The con 7 between these apparently compatible interests lies in deciding how much access the me d ia should have to the daily lives of the famous and the amount of privacy any individual should be entitled to. This clash has been intensified in the first two decades of the 21st century by recent developments in communications and digital science. There can be little doubt that the 8 (drama) expansion of on li n e social media has made it possible to spread rumours, true or false, instantly across the globe. This has significantly increased the power of the press to enhance or damage the reputation of any public figure. Due to advances in high-tech photographic equipment, it has become easier than ever for photojournalists to intrude on the private lives of well-known personalities without their knowledge or agreement. This has led, on many occasions, 9 legal battles between the media and celebrities to determine whether newspapers should be entitled to publish images of high-profile personalities taken when they are not appearing in public. Another example of how the press has used dubious methods to obtain information about famous personalities is phone hacking, or listening in to private phone calls, which has also res 10 in a number of court cases.
1.
respective
[解析] 该句的意思是“虽然他们认识到彼此的相互依赖，但在各自的利益之间取得平衡对两个群体来说都是一个持续的挑战”。

根据句意及所给单词的前三个字母可知，空缺处应填入respectiv e“各自的”。

故填入respective。

2.
competitive
[解析] 该句的意思是“并为他们在竞争激烈的职业中取得成功提供必要的知名度”。

根据句意及所给单词，professions前缺形容词作定语，compete“竞争”的形容词形式为competitive“竞争激烈的”。

故填入competitive。

3.
expensive
[解析] 该句的意思是“项级体育明星依靠商业赞助的收入来支付训练、健身及训练设施所需的昂贵费用”。

根据句意及所给单词，coaching, fitness and training facilities前缺形容词作定语，expense“费用”的形容词形式为expensiv e“昂贵的”。

故填入expensive。

4.
provide
[解析] 该句的意思是“毫无疑问，在娱乐业，精彩的颁奖典礼和备受期待的电影开幕之夜不仅为演员们提供了一个令人愉快和值得庆祝的成功的机会”。

根据句意及所给单词的前三个字母，空缺处应填入provide“提供”。

故填入provide。

5.
industry
[解析] 该句的意思是“而且也为他们的影迷和业内有影响力的人物提供了一个宝贵的曝光机会”。

根据句意及所给单词的前三个字母，空缺处应填入industry“行业”。

故填入industry。

6.
depending
[解析] 该句的意思是“与此同时，名人故事提升了广告和观众收视率带来的销售收入。

这些故事从闲聊到仔细研究的信息，取决于他们的目的和目标观众”。

根据句意及所给单词的前三个字母，空缺处应填入depend“取决”，而depend与逻辑主语stories之间构成主动关系，应加ing形式。

故填入depending。

7.
conflict
[解析] 该句的意思是“这些明显兼容的利益之间的冲突在于判定媒体应该在多大程度上接触名人的私人生活”。

根据句意及所给单词的前三个字母，空缺处应填入conflict“冲突”。

故填入conflict。

8.
dramatic
[解析] 该句的意思是“毫无疑问，网络社交媒体的迅猛发展使得谣言在全球迅速传播，无论是真是假”。

根据句意及所给单词，expansion前缺形容词作定语，dram a“戏剧、剧本’’的形容词形式为dramati c“迅猛的，引入注目的，戏剧的”。

故填入dramatic。

9.
to
[解析] 该句的意思是“这在许多场合导致媒体和名人之间的法律斗争”。

根据句意，on many occasions 为插入语，可忽略，此时观察到led(lead)后缺介词接宾语legal battles，lead to“导致”为固定搭配，故填入to。

10.
resulted
[解析] 该句的意思是“另一个新闻界如何使用可疑方法获取名人信息的例子是电话窃听，或者监听私人电话，这也导致了一些法庭案件”。

根据句意及所给单词的前三个字母，空缺处应填入动词result，而该句子的时态为现在完成时(has+动词过去分词形式)，故填入resulted。

Part Ⅳ Reading C o m p r e h e n s i o n
Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. Respond to the questions using information from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.
Section A
The demand for energy is certain to increase... as an ever larger population strives to improve its standard of living. Petroleum, natural gas, hydroelectricity, supply networks, new renewable energy technology, nuclear energy and more...Managing the energy challenge each country faces is very complex nowadays and will be decisive for the future.
The future for petroleum use at the moment looks rather uncertain, despite enjoying the major benefit of a very advanced infrastructure already in place. The downsides from the environmental point of view are patently obvious: harm to public health through carbon dioxide emissions in exhaust fumes.
The picture for natural gas is similarly mixed. While its main strength lies in its being a relatively clea n fuel involving little processing and being easily transportable via pipelines, natural gas requires compression or low temperatures if it is to be used for cars or other vehicles.
Yet there is another problem with natural gas. It may produce less carbon dioxide than other fossil fu el s, but the major stumbling block to its use is that the methane released lives for a long time in the atmosphere. In addition, as it is a no-renewable energy source like petroleum, in coming years natural gas will not be in use. But in the short term at least, the situation looks rosy.
Ethanol, the production from grain is relatively straightforward. It is made from harvested crops. As the demand for alternative 'clean' fuels increases, farmers are switching from planting crops for consumption to fuel crops like corn, barley, wheat or others that produce oil like palm and rape seed. Despite the drawback of a shortage of commercial outlets, ethanol heralds a new dawn for the energy market. But, before we consider ethanol in depth, let's look at hydrogen. It is perhaps the most attractive of all renewable fuels. Its greatest appeal is that it is readily available everywhere in the form of water. Solar energy is used to split the w ate r
i n t o hydrogen and oxygen and then recombine it, with water being the waste by-product. Perhaps its main drawback is making the hydrogen production units small enough to fit cars. But once this happens, the future of hydrogen is bright indeed.
Bright
We are facing a real urgency with the climate crisis aroused by burning fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. Many scientists say we need to lower CO 2 level by sixty percent over the next forty years. If we
don't, there could be terrible consequences for the environment and the world economy. Though governments are talking about ways to lower pollution levels, they may not be enough. By going carbon neutral, people and businesses can really do something to meet this global challenge.
Complete the following schema with no more than three words according to the p a ss a g e .
The Future of Energy R e so u r ce s
Type of fuel Main advantage Main disadvantage Future
Petroleum Very advanced infrastructure Do harm to 1 Uncertain Natural Gas Relatively clean Produces 2
Rosy Ethanol Lack of 3 Signals a 4 for the energy market 1. public health Hydrogen 5 Hydrogen production units
for cars not small enough [解析] 文章第二段句末提到“使用石油产生的废气中的二氧化碳排放对公众健康造成危害。

”因此，空 格处应填public health 。

2.
methane
[解析] 文章第四段第二句提到“天然气可能比其他化石燃料产生更少的二氧化碳，但其使用的主要障 碍是释放的甲烷在大气中存在很长时间”。

因此，空格处应填methane 。

3.
commercial outlets
[解析] 文章第五段第四句提到“尽管商业渠道短缺，乙醇预示着能源市场的新曙光”。

因此，空格处应 填commercial outlets 。

4.
new dawn
[解析] 解析同上。

因此，空格处应填new dawn 。

5.
Readily available(everywhere)
[解析] 文章第五段第七句提到“它最大的吸引力在于它以水的形式随处可见”。

因此，空格处应填 Readily available(everywhere)。

Section B
Any cat or dog owner will tell you that their pet has an individual personality, different from other people's pets. But recent research has indicated that different types of personalities are found amongst a far wider range of species than was previously supposed, including not only mammals, but also birds and fish.
1 Different animals within the same species might show different degrees of readiness to explore unknown territory, but this was just a response to the availability of food or potential mates. If an animal was lucky enough to be in a place where food was plentiful, it would not venture far, whereas in a different environment, it would develop a bolder personality. One early piece of research to question this was published by Huntingford in 1976. She noticed that sticklebacks often displayed the same degree of aggression or sociability towards others in their group at all stages in their life cycle. Such factors as whether they were seeking mates did not affect their behaviour. This seemed to imply that some sticklebacks were more bold and others less so, not because of their circumstances or a predictable stage in their life bu t
b eca us e of something more mysterious called 'personality' they were simply made like that.
2 In the case of ants, individuals follow different developmental paths so that they take on different
ro le s within the colony, such as soldiers or workers. In some species of insects, an individual may even change its function over time, as in bees, some of whom start out as workers and later become food hunters. But these kind of roles are not the same as personality. They exist within a large social organism so that it runs smoothly. Personality, on the other hand, is not aimed at maintaining any kind of larger whole.
3 Different traits have both good and bad consequences, so there is no reason why evolution should
f a vour one over another. Bolder individuals do better when it comes to searchin
g for food but they are also more likely to be eaten by a predator. They may have more success in attracting mates but they are also more likely to fight wit
h rivals and be injured.
4 For example, studies show that in the case of birds, adventurous individuals are also likely to be less effective at parenting and that their offspring are less likely to reach maturity, a further instance of how personality traits may work against the preservation of the species. In one study of sheep by Denis Reale, it was found that the male animals who showed more aggression reproduced earlier in life whereas the less aggressive ones bred later. At the same time, the first group tended to die at a younger age. The more docile rams did not start breeding until later, but they generally lived longer, so in the end they produced the same number of young as their more aggressive peers.
5 One theory is that all personality traits arise from a choice between a small number of fundamental preferences, such as whether an animal tends to seek or avoid risk. It is an open question too, as to what extent these choices might be the same for human personalities.
Complete the passage with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use.
A. How exactly these complex syndromes come about is difficult to determine.
B. The presence of one trait will often go hand in hand with another, creating clusters of traits known in psychology as behavioural syndromes.
C. It was formally believed that if behaviour varied between members of the same species, this was the。