英语常用修辞手法(1)PPT课件

When a student speaks of hammering away(连续敲打;刻苦 钻研) at his algebra, or says that he has just squeezed(挤；压)
through an examination in French, or that a date has slipped his
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mind, he is using a figure of speech. The expressions noted are clearly more vivid than if he were to say that he is studying hard at his algebra, or that he was barely passed the examination, or forgotten the date. The general sense is the same in either case, but the language in the former instance suggests a livelier and more picturesque conception of the facts, and therefore attracts and holds the bearer’s attention more certainly.
distinguished person a star, the world a stage, or the moon the
lamp of night. We use the words star, stage and lamp of night
not in their literal sense, but with a fanciful(想象出来的)
application. Such language makes the thought more vivid and
more striking, and therefore attracts more of the reader’s
attention.
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Almost every notional(表意的)word has both a literal and a figurative sense. The verb invent in “paper was invented in China” and “Watt invented the steam engine” is used literally; in “When the teacher ask the boy why he had not come to the class the day before, he invented an excuse”, and “Jim often invents a story to amuse the children”. It is used in a figurative or unusual sense.
英语常用修辞手段
Rhetoric
Rhetoric is an ancient branch of learning ,founded by the Greek philosopher Aristotle(亚里士多德),so it has a history of more than two thousand years in Europe. At first it dealt with the ways of persuading people in conversation and speech. Later the emphasis gradually shifted from speech to writing. Generally speaking, rhetoric is the art of effective communication by means of language, or more simply, it is the art of expressing ,by words, precisely
what we mean.
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Rhetoric and Grammar
Rhetoric bases itself on grammar, but it is not grammar. Grammar deals with the mutual relations of words in a sentence, while rhetoric deals with the choice of words and the sentence structures in composition. The former teaches us correct speech; the latter teaches us better speech. Grammar is prerequisite(必要条件，前提)of rhetoric.
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How to study Rhetoric
The first step should be to learn to recognize the most commonly-used devices of expression and analyze the different effects they produce. To be able to do this, it will not be enough merely to listen to a few lectures or read some books on rhetoric. Reading good authors with great care is necessary. The study of rhetoric in theory should pave the way for its application in practice.
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Chapter One
Ⅰ.Figure of speech(修辞格；修辞
手段)
The value of figurative word(修饰性词汇的价值)
Words used for what they suggest, in a sense not exactly
literal, are called figurative expressions. When we call a