2011年6月英语六级真题及答案
2011年6月大学英语六级真题与答案详解完整版
2011年6月大学英语六级真题与答案详解完整版Part I Writing标准版My opinion on certificate crazeThe growing tendency among college students to get all kinds of certificates has now evolved into a craze. Just randomly ask a student what he or she is busily engaged in doing, quite possibly, you would get the answer that he or she is preparing for a certificate of some kind. So, why’s the craze? The reason behind this phenomenon is common — the enormous pressure of finding a job. Faced with a harsh job market, most students have no choice but to seek more certificates to parlay their qualifications. Another factor is that diploma and certificates still weighs heavily in terms of signifying one’s ability. For the sake of increasing their odds of landing a better job, the students ar e compelled to run from one exam to another.Though I have an open mind toward the craze on certificates, I suggest that students should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since they do not necessarily tell their ability. Instead, they should be more involved in learning and capability boosting, thus, opportunities would come quite naturally.文章点评：这是一篇“中等偏上”的学生作文。
2011年6月英语六级(CET6)真题
If you know where to find a good plastic-free shampoo, can you tell Jeanne Haegele? Last September, the 28-year-old Chicago resident resolved to cut plast ics out of her life. The marketing coordinator was concerned about what the che micals leaching out of some common types of plastic might be doing to her body.She was also worried about the damage all the plastic refuse was doing to the environment. So she hopped on her bike and rode to the nearest grocery store to see what she could find that didn't include plastic. "I went in and barely bou ght anything," Haegele says. She did purchase some canned food and a carton of milk--only to discover later that both containers were lined with plastic resin."Plastic," she says, "just seemed like it was in everything."重磅阅读2012年6月英语四级考试强化备考六级备考策略：最新最全∙[四级]英语四六级考试强化备考：词汇篇∙[四级]2012年6月四级备考资料中心∙[六级]英语四六级考试强化备考：阅读篇∙[六级]六级强化备考：别小看单词和语法∙[四级]四级听力：注重真题多做练习∙[四级]四级单词记忆：不要死记学会高效She's right. Back when Dustin Hoffman received the most famous one-word pie ce of career advice in cinema history, plastic was well on its way to becoming a staple of American life. The U.S. produced 28 million tons of plastic waste i n 2005--27 million tons of which ended up in landfills. Our food and water come wrapped in plastic. It's used in our phones and our computers, the cars we dri ve and the planes we ride in. But the infinitely adaptable substance has its da rk side. Environmentalists fret about the petroleum needed to make it. Parents worry about the possibility of toxic chemicals making their way from household plastic into children's bloodstreams. Which means Haegele isn't the only person trying to cut plastic out of her life--she isn't even the only one blogging ab out this kind of endeavor. But those who've tried know it's far from easy to go plastic-free. "These things are so ubiquitous that it is practically impossibl e to avoid coming into contact with them," says Frederick vom Saal, a biologist at the University of Missouri.Vom Saal is a prominent member of a group of researchers who have raised wo rrisome questions in recent years about the safety of some common types of plas tics. We think of plastic as essentially inert; after all, it takes hundreds of years for a plastic bottle to degrade in a landfill. But as plastic ages or is exposed to heat or stress, it can release trace amounts of some of its ingredi ents. Of particular concern these days are bisphenol-a (BPA), used to strengthe n some plastics, and phthalates, used to soften others. Each ingredient is a pa rt of hundreds of household items; BPA is in everything from baby bottles to can linings (to protect against E. coli and botulism), while phthalates are found in children's toys as well as vinyl shower curtains. And those chemicals can g et inside us through the food, water and bits of dust we consume or even by bei ng absorbed through our skin. Indeed, the Centers for Disease Control and Preve ntion reported that 92% of Americans age 6 or older test positive for BPA--a si gn of just how common the chemical is in our plastic universe.Scientists like vom Saal argue that BPA and phthalates are different from o ther environmental toxins like lead and mercury in that these plastic ingredien ts are endocrine disrupters, which mimic hormones. Estrogen and other hormones in relatively tiny amounts can cause vast changes, so some researchers worry th at BPA and phthalates could do the same, especially in young children. Animal s tudies on BPA found that low-dose exposure, particularly during pregnancy, may be associated with a variety of ills, including cancer and reproductive problem s. Some human studies on phthalates linked exposure to declining sperm quality in adult males, while other work has found that early puberty in girls may be a ssociated with the chemicals.Does that mean even today's minuscule exposure levels are too much? The sci ence is still murky, and human studies are few and far from definitive. So whil e Canada and the Democratic Republic of Wal-Mart are moving to ban BPA in baby bottles, the Food and Drug Administration maintains that BPA products pose no d anger, as does the European Union. Even so, scientists like Mel Suffet, a professor of environmental-health sciences at the University of California, Los Ange les, say avoiding certain kinds of plastics is simply being better safe than so rry.As researchers continue to examine plastic's impact on our bodies, there's no doubt that cutting down on the material will help the environment. Plastic m akes up nearly 12% of our trash, up from 1% in 1960. You can literally see the result 1,000 miles (1,600 km) west of San Francisco in the Great Pacific Garbag e Patch, a swirling mass of plastic debris twice the size of Texas. The rising cost of petroleum may get plastic manufacturers to come up with incentives for recycling; current rates stand at less than 6% in the U.S. But the best way to reduce your plastic impact on the earth is simply to use less.Here's how. You can avoid plastic bottles and toys labeled with the numbers 3 or 7, which often contain BPA or phthalates, and steer clear of vinyl shower curtains and canned foods--especially those with acidic contents like tomatoes. Vom Saal counsels that the cautious should also avoid heating plastic in micro waves. But get rid of the stuff altogether? "It's hard to go all the way," says Haegele, who, 10 months into her experiment, is leading a mostly plastic-free life. Although she still uses a plastic toothbrush, she's experimented with her own toothpaste (made of baking soda, cinnamon and vodka; for the recipe, go to her blog, She has used vinegar for conditioner an d is searching for a decent shampoo that doesn't come in a plastic bottle. Shehas tried soaplike bars of shampoo, but they make her hair feel sticky. Plus, t hey sometimes come wrapped in--you guessed it--plastic.。
2011年6月大学英语六级听力真题及答案
2011年6⽉⼤学英语六级听⼒真题及答案 Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspond ing letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. A) She will give him the receipt later. B) The man should make his own copies. C) She has not got the man's copies ready. D) The man forgot to make the copies for her. 12. A) She phoned Fred about the book. C) She ran into Fred on her way here. B) She was late for the appointment. D) She often keeps other people waiting. 13. A) Mark is not fit to take charge of the Student Union. B) Mark is the best candidate for the post of chairman. C) It won't be easy for Mark to win the election. D) Females are more competitive than males in elections. 14. A) It failed to arrive at its destination in time. B) It got seriously damaged on the way. C) It got lost at the airport in Paris. D) It was left behind in the hotel. 15. A) Just make use of whatever information is available. B) Put more effort into preparing for the presentation. C) Find more relevant information for their work. D) Simply raise the issue in their presentation. 16. A) The man has decided to choose Language Studies as his major. B) The woman isn't interested in the psychology of language. C) The man is still trying to sign up for the course he is interested in. D) The woman isn't qualified to take the course the man mentioned. 17. A) They are both to blame. B) They are both easy to please. C) They can manage to get along. D) They will make peace in time. 18. A) They are in desperate need of financial assistance. B) They hope to do miracles with limited resources. C) They want to borrow a huge sum from the bank. D) They plan to buy out their business partners. Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) We simply cannot help reacting instinctively that way. B) We wish to hide our indifference to their misfortune. C) We derive some humorous satisfaction from their misfortune. D) We think it serves them right for being mean to other people. 20. A) They want to show their genuine sympathy. B) They have had similar personal experiences. C) They don't know how to cope with the situation. D) They don't want to reveal their own frustration. 21. A) They themselves would like to do it but don't dare to. B) It's an opportunity for relieving their tension. C) It's a rare chance for them to see the boss lose face. D) They have seen this many times in old films. 22. A) To irritate them. C) To relieve her feelings. B) To teach them a lesson. D) To show her courage. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. A) Smuggling drugs into Hong Kong. B) Having committed armed robbery. C) Stealing a fellow passenger's bag. D) Bringing a handgun into Hong Kong. 24. A) He said not a single word during the entire flight. B) He took away Kumar's baggage while he was asleep. C) He was travelling on a scholarship from Delhi University. D) He is suspected of having slipped something in Kumar's bag. 25. A) Give him a lift. B) Find Alfred Foster. C) Check the passenger list. D) Search all suspicious cars. 参考答案 11 C) She has not got the man’s copies ready. 12 B) She was late for the appointment. 13 C) It won’t be easy for Mark to win the election. 14 A) It failed to arrive at its destination in time. 15 A) Just make use of whatever information is available. 16 D) The woman isn’t qualified to take the course the man mentioned. 17 A) They are both to blame. 18 A) They are in desperate need of financial assistance. 19 C) We derive some humorous satisfaction from their misfortune. 20 C) They don’t know how to cope with the situation. 21 A) They themselves would like to do it but don’t dare to. 22 C) To relieve her feelings. 23 D) Bringing a handgun into Hong Kong. 24 D) He is suspected of having slipped something in Kumar’s bag. 25 B) Find Alfred Foster. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案经典版(word可打印)
Part I WritingDirections:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark,"Give me six hours to chop down a tree,and I ill spend the first four sharpening the axe."You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words..Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)Google’s plan for world’s biggest online library:philanthropy or act of piracy?In recent years the world’s most venerable libraries have played host to some incongruous visitors. In dusty nooks and far-flung stacks, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been beavering away to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europe – including half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process.Why is Google undertaking such a venture, so seemingly out-of-kilter with its snazzy, hi-tech image? Why is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to "organise the world’s information", so it would be odd if that information did not include books. Like the Ancient Egyptians who attempted to build a library at Alexandria containing all the known world’s scrolls, Google executives talk of constructing a universal online archive, a treasure trove of knowledge that will be freely available – or at least freely searchable – for all.The company likes to present itself as having lofty,utopian aspirations. "This really isn’t about making money" is a mantra. "We are doing this for the good of society." As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: "By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge."Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, offers an analogy with the invention of the Gutenberg press – Google’s book project, he says, will have a similar democratising effect. He talks of people in far-flung parts being able to access knowledge as never before, of search queries leading them to the one, long out-of-print book they need.And he does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic exercise. "Google’s core business is search and find, so obviously what helps improve Google’s search engine is good for Google," he says. "But we have never built a spreadsheet outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have never had to justify the amount I am spending to the company’s founders."It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary zeal. But Google’s book-scanning project is proving controversial. Severalopponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google.First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world’s books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books, Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University’s library, argued that because such books are a common resource – the possession of us all – only public, not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them.The second, related criticism is that Google’s scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Bleak House look straightforward.At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the durationof an author’s life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author’s heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyright – and last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print.Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the "public domain" (works such as the Bodleian’s first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search).But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. In its defence, Google points out that it displays only snippets of books that are in copyright – arguing that such displays are "fair use". But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy."The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given theirpermission," says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. "Google has reversed this – it has simply copied all these works without bothering to ask."In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers and publishers, launched a class action suit against Google that, after more than two years of wrangling, ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are staggeringly complicated – the text alone runs to 385 pages – and trying to summarise it is no easy task. "Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible," says Blofeld, one of the settlement’s most vocal British critics.Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to reimburse authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future.The settlement stipulates that a body known as the Books Rights Registry will represent the interests of US copyright holders. Authors and publishers with a copyright interest in a book scanned by Google who make themselves known to the registry will be entitled to receive a payment – in the regionof $60 per book – as compensation.Additionally, the settlement hands Google the power – but only with the agreement of individual rights holders – to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement’s most controversial aspect.Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company’s role from provider of information to seller. "Google’s business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates," points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement’s provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling.Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on "orphan" works, where there is no known copyright holder –these make up an estimated 5% to 10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercialcontrol automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orphan works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence."The deal has in effect handed Google a swath of intellectual copyright. It is a mammoth potential bookselling market," says Blofeld. He adds it is no surprise that Amazon, which currently controls 90% of the digital books market, is becoming worried.But Dan Clancy of Google dismisses the idea that, by gaining control over out-of-print and orphan works, Google is securing for itself a significant future revenue stream. He points out that out-of-print books represent only a tiny fraction of the books market – between 1% and 2%. "This idea that we are gaining access to a vast market here – I really don’t think that is true."James Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, broadly agrees. He says that, although Google’s initial scanning of in-copyright books made him uncomfortable, the settlement itself is a fair deal for authors."The thing that needs to be emphasised is that this so-called market over which Google is being given dominance –the market in out-of-print books – doesn’t currently exist. That’s why they’re out of print. In real life, I can’t see what the damage is – it’s only good."It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted – it is the subject of a fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this – and the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world.Over the coming months, we will hear a lot more about the Google settlement and its ramifications. Although it’s a subject that may seem obscure and specialised, it concerns one of the biggest issues affecting publishing and, indeed, other creative industries – the control of digital rights.No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning the world’s library books, and the truth, as Gleick points out, is that the company probably doesn’t even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or another, Google’s entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in years to come.1. Google claims its plan for the world’s biggest onlinelibrary is _____◆ A. to save out-of-print books in libraries.◆ B. to serve the interest of the general public◆ C. to encourage reading around the world◆ D. to promote its core business of searching◆ 2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google’sbook-scanning project will◆ A. help the broad masses of readers◆ B. broaden humanity’s intellectual horizons◆ C. make full use of the power of its search engine ◆ D. revolutionise the entire book industry◆ 3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitallyarchiving the world’s books should be controlled by_______.◆A) the world’s tech giants◆B)the world’s leading libraries◆C)non-profit organizations◆D)multinational companies◆ 4. Google has involved itself in a legal battle as itignored______.◆ A. the copyright of authors of out-of -print books ◆ B. the interest of traditional sellers◆ C. the copyright of the books it scanned◆ D. the differences of in-print and out-of-print books.◆ 5. Google defends its scanning in-copyright books bysaying that __________.◆A) making electronic copies of books is not a violationof copyright◆B) the online display of in-copyright books is not forcommercial use◆C) it is willing to compensate the copyright holders ◆D) it displays only a small part of their content ◆ 6. What do we learn about the class action suit againstGoogle?◆ A. It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild ofAmerica.◆ B . It was settled after more than two years ofnegotiations.◆ C . It failed to protect the interest of Americanpublishers.◆ D. It could lead to more out-of-court settlements ofsuch disputes.◆7. What remained controversial after the class actionsuit ended?◆ A. The compensation for copyright holders.◆ B. The change in Google’s business model.◆ C. Google’s further exploitation of its database.◆ D. The commercial provisions of the settlement.◆8. While_______, Google makes money by sellingadvertising.◆9. Books whose copyright holders are not known arecalled_______.◆10. Google’s entrance into digital bookselling willtremendously _______ in the future.◆Part III Listening◆Section A◆ 11 A) Listen to the recorded notes while driving.◆ B）Cancel the trip to prepare the test.◆ C)Prepare for the test after the wedding.◆ D)Review his notes once he arrives in Chicago.◆12.A)The woman will help the man remember the lines.◆B)The woman will prompt the man during the show.◆C)The man lacks confidence in playing the part.◆D)The man hopes to change his role in the play.◆13.A)Arriving a bed for the patient. C)A complicatedsurgical case.◆B)Rescuing the woman's uncle. D)Preparation for anoperation.◆14.A)He is too busy to accept more responsibility.◆B)He is interested in improving his edit skills.◆C)He is eager to be nominated the new editor.◆D)He is sure to do a better job than Simon.◆15.A)He has been successfully elected Prime Minister.◆B)He has already reached the retirement.◆C)He has left his position in the government.◆D)He made a stupid decision at the cabinet meeting.◆16.A)This year's shuttle mission is a big step in spaceexploration.◆ B)The shuttle fight will be broadcast live worldwide.◆ C)The man is excited at the news of shuttle fight. ◆ D)The man is well informed about the space shuttlemissions.◆17.A)At an auto rescue center. C)At a mountaincamp.◆B)At a car renting company. D)At a suburbangarage.◆18.A)He listened to some serious music. C)He got hisspeakers fixed.◆B)He bought a stereo system. D)He went shoppingwith the woman.◆Question 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.◆19.A)Proving aid to be disabled.◆ B)Selling products made for left-handers.◆ C)Promoting products for manufacturers.◆ D)Printing labels for manufactured goods.◆20.A)About half of them are unavailable on the market. ◆B)The kitchenware in his shop is of unique design.◆C)All of them are manufactured in his owe plan.◆D)Most of them are specially made for his shop.◆21.A)They specialise in one product only C)They run chainstores in central London◆B)The have outlets through Britain D)They sell by mailorder by mail.◆Question 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.◆22. A)It publishes magazines.◆B)It is engaged in product design◆C)It sponsors trade fairs.◆B)It is engaged in product design◆D)It runs sales promotion campaigns ◆23 A)The woman's company failed to make payments in time.◆B)The ad specification had not been give in detail.◆C)The woman's company made last-minute changes.◆D)Organising the promotion was really time-consuming. ◆24 A)Run another four-week campaigns C)Extend thecampaign the next year.◆ B)Give her a 10 percent discount D)Cut the feeby half for his year.◆25.A)Calm down and make peace C)Stop negotiating forthe time being.◆ B)Improve their promotion plans D)Reflect on theirrespective mistakes.◆Section B◆Passage one◆Question 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have justheard.◆26. A)They are looked after by animal-care organizations.◆ B)They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans.◆ C)They look spotlessly clean throughout of lives. ◆ D)They are labeled pet animals by the researchers.◆27. A)They may cause damage to the environment.B)They may breed out of control.◆ C) They may affect the results of experiments.D)They may behave abnormally.◆28.A)When they are no longer useful.B)When they become ill◆C)When they become escapes.◆D)When they get too old.◆29.A)While calling for animal rights.They allowed theirkids to keep pet animals.◆B)While holding a burial ceremony for a pet mouse, they werekilling pest mice.◆C)While laughing animal protection campaign,they weretrapping kitchen more.◆D)While advocating freedom for animals,they kept their petmouse in a cage.◆Passage two◆Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have justheard.◆30.A) They contribute most to it. C)They takeit for granted.◆ B)They often find fault with it D)They arecrazy about it.◆31 .A) Tidal restlessness C)Hear andlight.◆ B) Historical continuityD)Economic .prosperity◆32.A)They are adventurers from all over the world.B)They lack knowledge of the culture of the city.◆ C)They find the city alien to them. D)Theyhave difficulty surviving.◆Passage three◆Question 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have justheard.◆33,A) A murder mystery.◆B)A football game◆C) A political debate.◆D)A documentary.◆34..A) It helps broaden one's horizons. C) It isa sheer waste of time..◆B)It enhances family relationships. D)It isunhealthy for the viewers.◆35 A)He watches T.V programs only selectively.◆ B)He doesn't like watching sport program..◆ C)He can't resist the temptation of T.V either.◆ D)He is not a man who can help his promise.◆Section C Compound Dictation◆In the past, one of the biggest disadvantages ofmachines has been their inability to work on a micro scale.For example, doctors did not have devices allowing them to go inside the human body to （36）_______health problems or to perform （37）______surgery. Repair crews did not havea way of（38） _____broken pipes located deep within ahigh-rise （39）_______ building. However, that’s about to change. Advances in computers and biophysics have starteda micro miniature（40） _______that allows scientists toenvision and in some cases actually build microscopic machines. These devices promise to（41） ______ change the way we live and work.◆Micro machines already are making an impact. At CaseWestern Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, research scientists have designed a 4-inch silicon chip that holds 700 tiny（42） _________motors. At Lucas Nova Sensor in Fremont, California, scientists have perfected the world’s first microscopic blood-pressure sensor. Threaded througha person’s blood （43）______, the sensor can provide bloodpressure readings at the valve of the heart itself.◆（44）________________________________________________________ _____.Auto manufacturers, for example, are trying to use tiny devices(45) ________________________________________________________ __________. Some futurists envision nanotechnology also being used to explore the deep sea in small submarine, or even to launch finger-sized rockets packed with micro miniature instruments.“There is an explosion of new ideas and applications,”So,(46)_________________________________________________________________________.◆Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in depth)◆ Leadership is the second most significant word in today’s competitive business environment because it directs the manager of a business to focus inward on their personal capabilities and style. Experts on leadership will quickly point out that “how things get done” influences the success of the outcomes and indicates a right way and a wrong way to do things. When a noted leader on the art of management,Peter Drucker, coined the phrase “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things,” he was seeking to clarify the distinctions he associates with the terms.When Stephen Covey, founder and director of the Leadership Institute, explored leadership styles in the past decade, he focused on the habits of a great number of highly effective individuals. His Seven Habits of Highly Effective People became a popular bestseller very quickly.His ideas forced a reexamination of the early leadership paradigm, which he observed centered on traits found in the character ethic and the personality ethic. The former ethic suggested success was founded on integrity, modesty, loyalty, courage, patience, and so forth. The personality ethic suggested it was one’s attitude, not behavior, that inspired success, and this ethic was founded on a belief of positive mental attitude. In contrast to each of these ideas, Covey advocates that leaders need to understand universal principles of effectiveness, and he highlights how vital it is for leaders to first personally manage themselves if they are to enjoy any hope of outstanding success in their work environments. To achieve a desired vision for your business,it is vital that you have a personal vision of where you are headed and what you value. Business leadership means that managers need to “put first things first,” which implies that before leading others, you need to be clear on your own values, abilities, and strengths and be seen as trustworthy.◆47.To be good leaders, managers must pay close attention totheir own _____.◆48. According to Peter Drucker, leaders should be good at_____.◆49. The personality ethic suggests that people are likelyto succeed if they have _____.◆50. According to Stephen Covey, leaders who hope to achieveoutstanding success need first of all _____.◆51. Good leadership requires one to know one’s own strengthsand be able to win people’s _____.◆Section B◆Passage one◆Question 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.◆ What's the one word of advice a well-meaningprofessional would give to a recent college graduate today?China? India? How about trade?◆When the Commerce Department reported last week that thetrade deficit in June approached $50 billion, it set off a new round of economic doomsaying. Imports, which soared to $200.3 billion in the month, are subtracted in the calculation of gross domestic product. The larger the trade deficit, the smaller the GDP. Should such imbalances continue, pessimists say, they could contribute to slower growth.◆But there's another way of looking at the trade data.Over the past two years, the figures on imports and exports seem not to signal a double-dip recession—a renewed decline in the broad level of economic activity in the United States —but an economic expansion.◆The rising volume of trade—more goods and servicesshuttling in and out of the United States—is good news for many sectors. Companies engaged in shipping, trucking, rail freight, delivery, and logistics have all been reporting better than expected results. The rising numbers signify growing vitality in foreign markets—when we import more stuff, it puts more cash in the hands of people around the world, and U.S. exports are rising because more foreigners have the ability to buy the things we produce and market.The rising tide of trade is also good news for people whowork in trade-sensitive businesses, especially those that produce commodities for which global demand sets the price —agricultural goods, mining, metals, oil.◆And while exports always seem to lag, U.S. companies arebecoming more involved in the global economy with each passing month. General Motors sells as many cars in China as in America each month. While that may not do much for imports, it does help GM's balance sheet—and hence makes the jobs of U.S.-based executives more stable.◆One great challenge for the U.S. economy is slackdomestic consumer demand. Americans are paying down debt, saving more, and spending more carefully. That's to be expected, given what we've been through. But there's a bigger challenge. Can U.S.-based businesses, large and small, figure out how to get a piece of growing global demand?Unless you want to pick up and move to India, or Brazil, or China, the best way to do that is through trade. It may seem obvious, but it's no longer enough simply to do business with our friends and neighbors here at home.◆Companies and individuals who don't have a strategy toexport more, or to get more involved in foreign markets, or to play a role in global trade, are shutting themselves outof the lion's share of economic opportunity in our world.◆52. How do pessimists interpret the U.S. trade deficitin June?◆ A. It could lead to slower growth of the nationaleconomy.◆ B. It reflects Americans’preference for importedgoods.◆ C. It signifies a change in American economic structure.◆ D. It is the result of America’s growing focus ondomestic market.◆ 53. What does the author say about the trade data of thepast two years?◆ A. It indicates that economic activities in the U.S.have increased.◆ B. It reflects the fluctuations in the internationalmarket.◆ C. It shows that U.S. economy is slipping further intorecession.◆ D. It signals decreasing domestic demand for goods andservices.◆ 54. Who particularly benefit from the rising volume oftrade?◆ A. People who have expertise in international trade.◆ B. Producers of agricultural goods and raw materials.◆ C. Consumers who favor imported goods and services.◆ D. Retailers dealing in foreign goods and services.◆ 55. What is one of the challenges facing the Americaneconomy?◆ A. Decreasing productivity.◆ B. People’s reluctance to spend.◆ C. Competition from overseas.◆ D. Slack trade activities.◆56. What is the author’s advice to U.S. companies andindividuals?◆ A. To import more cheap good from developing countries.◆ B. To be alert to fluctuations in foreign markets. ◆ C. To increase their market share overseas.◆ D. To move their companies to where labor is cheaper.◆Passage Two◆Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.◆ A recurring criticism of the UK's university sector isits perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.◆Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned theUK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spend by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.◆However, we do have to challenge the unthinkingcomplaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity.◆When viewed at the national level, the policyinterventions of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.◆This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to theUK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK,research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receive of 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities.◆The core objective for universities which areresearch-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector.◆Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be drivenby the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented。
2011年6月六级真题及答案(完整版)
2011年6月大学英语六级真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……The Certificate Craze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage.Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places," he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educatedthan the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college – but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison –one of the top five or so prestigious public universities –graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its w hite students, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally –but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americans did so as well.Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools –Harvard, Yale, and Princeton – show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lani Guinier, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves."Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student," says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. "If they fail, it's their fault." Some critics blame affirmative action – students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "undermatched": they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill –knowing full well that the students won't make it. "The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end," says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university –after financial aid –equaled 28% of median (中间的)family income, while a four-year private university cost 76% of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers. Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, "Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year." But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the rigor (严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom –and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a "laserlike focus" on building up student skills in the first three months, according to vice provost (教务长)Damon Williams.State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some prepara tory courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such pro grams can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring (辅导) of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2011.6月大学英语六级仔细阅读真题答案解析
以下是为⼤家搜索整理的2011.6⽉⼤学英语六级仔细阅读真题答案解析，供⼤家参考。
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) Section A Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage。
答案： 47. what is in your boss's mind 48. challenging our boss's authority 49. possible consequences 50. be proposed and reviewed 51. confrontations 47-51解析： 50题讲的是“为了保证公平性，有必要对_______的故事设⽴⼀个系统”；回答本题，我们可以回到原⽂倒数第⼆段First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. 所以应填⼊be proposed and reviewed。
51题是针对⽂章的最后⼀段提问； By anticipating “what if …?” situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations. 本句中ease out of和题⽬中的avoid异曲同⼯，所以，在这⾥填⼊confrontations即可。
总体来说，本篇⽂章难度适中，所有问题基本都可以从原⽂中找到答案；特别需要注意的是有个别地⽅需要考⽣注意⼀下格式的对应，⽐如说第50题的be proposed and reviewed。
Section B Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage。
2011年6月英语六级(CET6)真题
2011年12月英语六级真题答案汇总11.【答案】A)Listen to the recorded notes while driving。
12.【答案】C)The man lacks confidence in playing the part。
13.【答案】A)Arranging a bed for a patient。
14.【答案】A)He is too busy to accept more responsibility。
Section A11.【答案】A) Listen to the recorded notes while driving。
12.【答案】C) The man lacks confidence in playing the part。
13.【答案】A) Arranging a bed for a patient14.【答案】A) He is too busy to accept more responsibility。
15. 【答案】C) He has left his position in the government。
16. 【答案】D) The man is well informed about the space shuttle m issions。
17. 【答案】A) At a car renting company26 What does the passage say about most of the mice used for expe riments?【答案】D)They sacrifice their lives for the benefit of humans。
27 Why did the so-called bad mice have to be captured and destroy ed?【答案】C) They may affect the results of experiments。
2011年6月六级试题答案
2011年6月英语六级快速阅读考试试题答案2011年上半年英语六级考试于6月18日15：00-17：20举行，考试大在此预祝广大考生顺利通过考试！Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. B. The low graduation rates of minority students2. D. its increased enrollment of minority students3. B. The rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one.4. C. Fifiteen percent5. B. they recruit the best students6. A. Universities are to blame.7. B. They cannot afford the high tuition.8. that they are less qualified9. some preparatory cources10. be closed2011年6月英语六级听力考试试题答案2011年上半年英语六级考试于6月18日15：00-17：20举行，考试大在此预祝广大考生顺利通过考试！11 C) She has not got the man’s copies for her12 B) She was late for the appointment13 C) It won’t be easy for Mark to win the election14 A) It failed to arrive at its destination in time15 A) Just make use of whatever information is available16 D) The woman isn’t qualified to take the course the manmentioned17 A) They are both to blame18 A) They are in desperate need of financial assistance19 C) We derive some humorous satisfaction from theirmisfortune20 C) They don’t know how to cope with the situation21 A) They themselves would like to do it but don’t dare to22 C) To relieve her feelings23 D) Bringing a handgun into Hong Kong24 D) He is suspected of having slipped something in Kunmar’sbag25 B) Find Alfred Foster26 B) They think travel gives them their money’s worth27 D) Launch a new program of adventure trips28 B) The way people travel29 B) The changing roles played by men and women30 A) Offer more creative and practical ideas than men31 C) To show that women are capable of doing what men do32 B) Reporting criminal offenses in Greenville33 D) It has fewer violent crimes than big cities34 A) There are a wide range of cases35 A) Write about something pleasantIn America, people are faced with more and more decisions everyday, whether it’s picking one of thirty-one ice cream(36)flavors, or deciding whether and when to get married.That sounds like a great thing, but as a recent study has shown,too many choices can make us(37)confused, unhappy, evenparalyzed with indecision. ‘That’s(38)particularly truewhen it comes to the work place’, says Barry Schwartz, an author ofsix books about human (39)behavior. Students are graduatingwith a (40)variety of skills and interests, but often findthemselves (41)overwhelmed when it comes to choosing anultimate career goal. In a study, Schwartz observed decision-makingamong college students during their (42)senior year. Basedon answers to questions regarding their job hunting(43)strategies and career decisions, he divided the studentsinto two groups：maximizers, who consider every possible option, andsatisficers, who look until they find an option that is goodenough. You might expect that the student (44)who had undertakenthe most exhausted search would be the most satisfied with theirfinal decision, but it turns out that’s not true. Schwartzfound that while maximizers ended up with better-paying jobs thansatisficers onaverage, they weren’t as happy with their decision.The reason (45)why these people feel less satisfied is that aworld of possibilities may also be a world of missedopportunities. When you look at every possible option, you tendto focus more on what was given up than what was gained. Aftersurveying every option, (46)a person is more acutely aware ofthe opportunities they had to turn down to pursue just onecareer。
2011年6月英语六级（CET6）真题
2011年6月英语六级（CET6）真题第一篇：2011年6月英语六级(CET6)真题主题: 行政能力倾向测试常识300题及答案（1）1、有关知识产权的下列说法中，错误的是（B）A、在我国，知识产权是著作权、发现权、发明权和其他科技成果权以及专利权与商标权的名称B、知识产权的“知识”是指人的创造性的智力活动成果，这种成果无须具有为人所感知的客观形成C、“知识产权”是外来语D、“知识产权”概念、涵义由法律直接规定2、计算机的数据是指：（D）A、数字符号B、声音、图像符号C、文字符号D、信息的一种量化表示6、世界地球日是每年的：（A）A、4月22日B、12月1日C、3月12日D、5月1日8、我国政治体制改革的基本目标是（C）。
A、实现依法治国B、坚持人民民主专政C、建设社会主义民主政治D、完善人民代表大会制度10、现代行政决策组织体制中主要承担“断”的重要任务的系统是：（A）A、行政决策信息系统B、行政决策的中枢系统C、行政决策控制审批系统D、行政决策研究系统：11、标志着北宋诗文革新运动最高成就的作家是：（B）A、王安石B、苏轼C、范仲淹D、欧阳修12、邓小平理论的精髓和核心是（A）A、解放思想、实事求是B、坚持改革开放C、以经济建设为中心D、坚持四项基本原则13、辩证唯物主义认识论首先的基本的观点是：（D）A、物质第一性、意识第二性的观点B、普遍联系和永恒发展的观点C、对立统一的观点D、实践观点14、（D）是建设有中国特色的社会主义理论的精髓。
A、一国两制B、以经济建设为中心C、坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放D、解决思想，实事求是15、精神文明建设要贯彻（C）的方针。
A、重在建设的方针B、重在普及的方针C、重在提高的方针D、重在批评的方针16、以法律为准绳指的是（A）A、有法必依，执法必严，违法必究B、以实体法为依据，不包括程序法C、以刑法、民法为准绳，不含行政法、经济法D、不包括法规17、决定论和非决定论的分歧在于：（D）A、是否承认矛盾是事物发展的根本动力B、是否承认联系的普遍性C、是否承认发展是前进性和曲折性的统一D、是否承认事物发展的客观规律性和因果联系的客观普遍性18、以下关于行政指导的叙述中，哪一项是正确的？（C）A、具有法律强制力B、能够直接产生法律后果C、属于“积极行政”的范畴D、行政指导不需要对方的同意20、唯物辩证法的实质和核心是：（B）A、质量互变规律B、对立统一规律C、否定之否定规律D、联系和发展的观点21、在归部委管理的国家局中，国家技术监督局归哪个部（委）管理（B）A、国家计划委员会B、国家经济贸易委员会C、国家科学技术委员会D、国家教育委员会24、生命的本质是：（B）A、蛋白质、核酸、糖类、脂类、水和无机盐等物质的有机结合B、物质运动的一种形式C、细胞D、神经力量的表现形式26、邓小平同志在哪次会上提出建设有中国特色社会主义的任务，形成这一理论的主题。
2011年6月大学英语六级大学英语六级听力真题和答案及听力原文汇总
2011年6月大学英语六级真题Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutesSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspond ing letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. A She will give him the receipt later.B The man should make his own copies.C She has not got the man's copies ready.D The man forgot to make the copies for her.12. A She phoned Fred about the book. C She ran into Fred on her way here.B She was late for the appointment. D She often keeps other people waiting.13. A Mark is not fit to take charge of the Student Union.B Mark is the best candidate for the post of chairman.C It won't be easy for Mark to win the election.D Females are more competitive than males in elections.14. A It failed to arrive at its destination in time.B It got seriously damaged on the way.C It got lost at the airport in Paris.D It was left behind in the hotel.15. A Just make use of whatever information is available.B Put more effort into preparing for the presentation.C Find more relevant information for their work.D Simply raise the issue in their presentation.16. A The man has decided to choose Language Studies as his major.B The woman isn't interested in the psychology of language.C The man is still trying to sign up for the course he is interested in.D The woman isn't qualified to take the course the man mentioned.17. A They are both to blame.B They are both easy to please.C They can manage to get along.D They will make peace in time.18. A They are in desperate need of financial assistance.B They hope to do miracles with limited resources.C They want to borrow a huge sum from the bank.D They plan to buy out their business partners.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A We simply cannot help reacting instinctively that way.B We wish to hide our indifference to their misfortune.C We derive some humorous satisfaction from their misfortune.D We think it serves them right for being mean to other people.20. A They want to show their genuine sympathy.B They have had similar personal experiences.C They don't know how to cope with the situation.D They don't want to reveal their own frustration.21. A They themselves would like to do it but don't dare to.B It's an opportunity for relieving their tension.C It's a rare chance for them to see the boss lose face.D They have seen this many times in old films.22. A To irritate them. C To relieve her feelings.B To teach them a lesson. D To show her courage.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A Smuggling drugs into Hong Kong. C Stealing a fellow passenger's bag.B Having committed armed robbery. D Bringing a handgun into Hong Kong.24. A He said not a single word during the entire flight.B He took away Kumar's baggage while he was asleep.C He was travelling on a scholarship from Delhi University.D He is suspected of having slipped something in Kumar's bag.25. A Give him a lift. C Check the passenger list.B Find Alfred Foster. D Search all suspicious cars.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2011年6月六级阅读真题及答案
2011年6⽉六级阅读真题及答案 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios: It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options and consequences. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far. Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if ...?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if...?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations. 47. Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out __________. 48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________. 49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the __________ to her and offer an alternative solution. 50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important to set up a system for stories to __________. 51. People who learn to anticipate "What if...?" situations will be able to reach understanding and avoid __________. 参考答案 47. what is in your boss's mind 48. challenging our boss's anthority 49. possible consequences 50. be proposed and reviewed 51. feeling uneasy about the confrontations Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality? There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient. To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers – meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000. Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal (财政的)burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits. The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected – say, low-skilled workers, or California residents – the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those f a c t o r s a r e p u t t o g e t h e r a n d t h e e c o n o m i s t s c a l c u l a t e t h e n u m b e r s , i t e n d s u p b e i n g a n e t p o s i t i v e , b u t a s m a l l o n e . " T o o b a d m o s t p e o p l e d o n ' t r e a l i z e i t . / p >。
2011年6月英语六级(CET6)真题
请下载打印下列资料，按照要求完成并带到课堂上来改写下列句子1.Many people think birth control is quite necessary in China.2.College students now are primarily interested in grades and economic success according to a recent report.3.Many people have ambitious plans but no ability, so they accomplish little.4.School work exerts pressure on teenagers, and their peers also encourage them. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimes they feel a little guilty.5.The man was in despair and turned to his friends for help.6.We have to continually update our knowledge to adapt to the ever-changing world。
7.Students should certainly make continuous efforts8.Because of social demands, there appear many evening schools9.Every young boy and girl wants to earn a little money to help cover higher college cost.10.Whenever you pick up a newspaper, you will always find advertisements.11.Food is the most basic issue to individual and national survival12.People have never imagined traveling around the world without walking out of house.13.Such steep price rise never happened no matterin the industrial age or any other time of history.14.If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good results.15.Many college graduates cannot handle real problems in society because they cannot apply book knowledge to practice.16.When a woman sees that she is going to be laid off, she begins to worry all day and night.17.I am in favor of equal rights for women. I think women should especially have the right to compete with men for jobs on equal terms. They should get the same pay as men for thesame job. They should also have equal opportunities for promotion.18.For the first time in history Chinese citizens held such power in their own hands. In the past they have never been allowed such vigorous and unrestrained debate on politics.运用你所知道的句型翻译下列句子，1.你愈努力，你愈进步。
2011年6月英语六级试题解析
【快速阅读】1. B. The low graduation rates of minority students解析：根据第一段的内容，我们可以猜测作者关心的问题与minority students有关，再根据这句话，Bowdion has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 black students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes. 可知正确答案是B。
2. D. its increased enrollment of minority students解析：根据问题中的关键词Bill Mills可以快速定位至第一段第一句Bill Mills, the president of Bowdoin Colledge, w as justifiably proud ofBowdoin’s efforts to recruit minority students.所以D项是正确答案。
3. B. The rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. 解析：根据问题中的risk,可以快速定位至第三段的第二句：For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. 由此推出B为正确答案。
2011年6月英语六级（CET6）真题
2011年6月英语六级（CET6）真题New Horizon College English TestBand OneI. Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following passage(s) carefully and do the multiple-choice questions. (50 points)Text 1The AIDS virus is carried in a person's body fluids (体液). The virus can be passed during sex with an infected partner or by sharing instruments used to take intravenous (静脉注射的) drugs. It also can be passed in blood or fluids made from blood or from a pregnant (怀孕的) woman with AIDS to her developing baby.Many stories about the spread of AIDS are false. You cannot get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease. You cannot get it by drinking glasses or other objects used by such persons. Officials say no one has caught AIDS by living with, caring for or touching an AIDS patient.There are several warning signs of being infected with AIDS. They include always feeling tired, unexplained (无法解释的) weight loss and uncontrolled expulsion (排泄) of body wastes. Other warning signs are the appearance of white areas on the mouth, dark red areas of skin that do not go away and a higher than normal body temperature.However, just because you have one or more of these conditions does not mean you have AIDS. Always go to a doctor or health center for a complete examination. The doctor may give you an AIDS blood test.When a virus enters the body, the body's defenses against disease produce antibodies (抗体) to fight the virus. The testshows if the body has produced antibodies to the AIDS virus. Results of the test are known after a few hours. The test tells only if your body has produced AIDS antibodies. It cannot tell if you have AIDS or if you will ever get the disease. In December (1988), the United States government approved (批准) a simpler and faster AIDSblood test. The newer test can confirm (证实) the presence (出现) of the AIDS antibodies in about five minutes.11. The AIDS virus can spread ___________.A) only from a man to womanB) among those who use drug instrumentsC) by shaking hands with someone who has the virusD) by touching an AIDS patient12. It is wrongly thought that ___________.A) the AIDS virus can be passed during sexB) the AIDS virus can spread from an expecting mother to her babyC) the AIDS virus can be passed by touching infected bloodD) one can get AIDS by working or attending school with someone who has the disease3. The warning signs of being infected with AIDS include ____________.A) weight lossB) too much expulsion of body wastesC) the appearance of red areas of skinD) a body temperature higher than a normal one4. _________ can show if one has AIDS.A) Whether one has a defense method against AIDSB) Whether one has unexplained weight lossC) Whether the AIDS antibodies are produced in the bodyD) The doctor's complete examination5. An AIDS blood test shows _________.A) whether the defense method is damaged or notB) whether one has AIDSC) one has a higher than normal body temperatureD) whether antibodies are produced in the bodyText 2One summer afternoon Jean and Clothilde Lestarquit, an elderly couple, visited their daughter at her home in Lille, France.A few minutes before six o'clock, the Lestarquits decided to leave. They said goodbye to their daughter, walked to their car, and got in. They expected a quiet, peaceful ride home. The ride, however, was anything but quiet and peaceful.Mr. Lestarquit was about to start the car when a man with a gun jumped up from the back seat. He held a gun to Mr. Lestarquit's head. "Drive me to Paris!" he demanded."All right," Mr. Lestarquit replied. "I'll drive you anywhere you want to go. But first let my wife out of the car."The man agreed to let Mrs. Lestarquit go. After she was safely out of the car, Mr. Lestarquit started the motor, and drove down the street. He was driving slowly, but his mind was racing. Unarmed and 81 years old, he knew he could not fight the man. He knew he needed help. Where were the police? As he drove along, he looked up and down the side streets, hoping to see a police car. There was none in sight. "Just my luck," he thought. "If I were speeding, there would be a police car on every corner."Suddenly Mr. Lestarquit realized how he could attract the attention of the police. He pushed his foot down on the accelerator （加速器） of his car, and the car sped forward. "What are you doing?" shouted the man. "Running away from thepolice," Mr. Lestarquit lied. "I thought I saw a police car back there."Mr. Lestarquit began driving like a madman. He drove 60 miles an hour on side streets, ran red lights, and drove the wrong way on one-way streets. On two-way streets he drove on the wrong side of the road. Not one police officer saw him.Obviously, Mr. Lestarquit's plan was not working. He needed a new plan. But what? Suddenly he remembered that the Lille police station was only a few blocks away. "All right," he thought. "If I can't bring the police to my car, I'll bring my car to the police."Then he pushed the accelerator to the floor. The car crashed （撞） through the doors and stopped in the courtyard of the police station. Mr. Lestarquit yelled, "Help! He's going to kill me!" Then he reached back to grab the man's gun. Just as he grabbed it, the man pulled the trigger （枪扳机）. The bullet went through Mr. Lestarquit's hand. Before the man could pull the trigger again, Mr. Lestarquit opened the car door and fell to the ground. Officers from the police station, who had come running when they heard the crash, quickly held the man. It was 6:30 p.m. —exactly 35 minutes since the Lestarquits had left their daughter's house on aquiet street in Lille.It seemed to Jean Lestarquit that for those 35 minutes he had stepped out of the real world and into an action film. There were so many things action films have — a man with a gun, a hero, and a speeding car. It is fortunate for Jean Lestarquit that there was one more thing most action films have: a happy ending.6. When Mr. Lestarquit saw a man pointing a gun at him, his first response was that________.A) he worried about his wifeB) he worried about his daughterC) he agreed to do whatever the man told him toD) he tried to drive the car to the police station7. Mr. Lestarquit's first attempt to get the attention of the police failed because ________.A) the man with the gun knew his planB) the man with the gun was stronger than he wasC) he drove slowlyD) there was no police car in sight8. In order ________ Mr. Lestarquit began driving like a madman.A) to run away from the man with the gunB) to get the police's attentionC) to distract the man with the gunD) to get to the police station as soon as possible9. It seems that ________.A) Mr. Lestarquit was in Lille for the first timeB) Mr. Lestarquit was in Lille more than one timeC) Mr. Lestarquit knew why the man with the gun wanted to go to ParisD) Mr. Lestarquit had been a policeman himself10. All the following are true except _________.A) Mr. Lestarquit is cleverer than the man with the gunB) The police are the most stupid of allC) Mind is sometimes more powerful than muscleD) Action films usually have a happy endingText 3Theirs is a modern love drama: They met on the Internet and fell deeply in love with each other. They shared secrets, memories,feelings — even though they had never laid eyes on each other. And now, the very technology that had brought them together was tearing them apart.“Kevin” is a pleasing fellow —quick with a smile, trustworthy. A security guard for a hospital in northern Idaho, he keeps emergency room patients company and walks nurses to their cars at night. He remembers the first day he went to the Internet. It was August 1995, and the computer was in the hospital library. It wasn't long before he was spending most of his free time in front of the screen.It was purely by accident, Kevin says, that he discovered online pornography （色情内容）. First he looked out of curiosity.“Each time I thought I had seen it all,”he says, “some new sex practice popped up. Eventually, the online sex world came to take the place of any real-world contact with women. “I can be a little bit shy,” he says, “and this was an alternative that kept me from feeling lonely.”Then came a message from “Marie”, a young mother of three looking for company on an Internet singles site. Kevin fired off an immediate response, and the two began a dialogue that would last two months before he made the 50-mile drive to meet her. A few months later, they were married.What Marie loved about Kevin was his kindness, his interest in her kids. What she didn't know was that every time she was reading one of Kevin's love e-mails, he was at the other end of the connection looking secretly at pornography sites.“I knew he was always online,” Marie says.“But I thought that it was just because he was interested in meeting new people.”Whenever Kevin was home, he was online, with the door closed. A few times, he called her in to look at an especially“wild”site. She was annoyed but didn't worry until he turned away from her in bed.“Have you been looking again?”sh e would cry.By January, Kevin knew he had a serious problem. He promised that he would never usethe computer at home. But there was still the machine at the hospital. Every night, he would use his master key to get into the closed library and favour his curiosity as never before. Sometimes, for his entire eight-hour work time, he would sit in front of the screen. When his bosses asked him to look in on the library, where some “unusual”computer activity had been noticed, he stopped using the computer for a month, and then headed straight back to the same place.This time, though, he walked into a trick. Earlier this summer, the hospital installed cameras and software that recorded Kevin's every mouse （鼠标） click. On June 27, his bosses confronted him and took him to the police station nearby. He was kept in the station for three days. Now Kevin lives under the continual watch of his wife and his boss.11. It is ________ that brings Kevin and Marie into love and marriage and then possiblyseparates them.A) the Internet B) Kevin's bosses C) their love drama D) the police12. The phrase "popped up" in the middle of Paragraph 3 means ________.A) appeared suddenly B) left quickly C) returned quickly D) moved quickly13. In the first place Kevin was a man of ________.A) honesty B) dishonesty C) lies D) sympathy14. We know for sure that by and by Kevin almost forgot his role ________ completely.A) as a father B) as a husbandC) as a security guard D) as an actor15. Which of the following statements is not true?A) Kevin had seen Marie before their marriage.B) Before their marriage Marie didn't know Kevin was online looking at somepornography sites.C) Had Kevin stopped looking online for pornography for ever, he would not have beenkept in the police station for three days.D) The relationship between Kevin and Marie as husband and wife will remain the sameas before.Text 4It was so quick and easy. A fourteen-year-old boy in Scottsdale, Arizona, put his $50 bill （纸币）on a color copying machine called a copier. Within seconds he transformed $50 into $550, and he was ready to shop.Twenty years ago only a few people had the skills or equipment to make fake money. Today computer, copier, and printer （印刷机） technology is so good that almost anyone can “make” money. With the new technology there is a new kind of casual faking machine. These machines are called casual because they don't have special skills and because they don't need to plan much.The number of bills made by casual fakers on their home or office computer is growing fast. In fact, this number has doubled every year since 1989! There is no way to stop faking 100 percent.But the government has recently found a few ways to make casual faking very difficult.One way is to put very, very small words, called microprints （微型印刷品）, in hidden places on the bill. The words are only 6/1000 inch. No one can read them without a magnifying glass, a special glass that makes things look bigger. And they are too small to come out clearly on a copier. If someone copies a bill that has microprints and you look at the copy through a magnifying glass, instead of microprinted words, you will see only black lines.Another way to stop people from making fake money on their home computers is to use special color-changing ink. Money printed with color-changing ink will look green from one angle and yellow from another. Home computers cannot use color-changing ink. So any copies from a home computer will have normal ink and can be noticed quite easily.Additionally, money is made on special paper with very small pieces of red and blue silk mixed in. And on each bill there is a special line that runs from the top to the bottom of the bill. Suppose, for example, that you hold a $20 bill up to the light. If you do this, you can see the line has the words “USA twenty”. The line turns red if you put it under a special light. This line and the special paper with red and blue silk are not easy for home computers to copy.The government must try many different ways to stop faking. It needs to keep changing the way money is made because fakers can learn to copy the changes. Today copiers can't copy microprinted words or color-changing ink. But, in a few years, who knows?16. It can be concluded from the first three paragraph that________.A) most children above the age of 14 can fake money.B) new high technology makes money faking easier.C) anyone who has a computer can fake money.D) casual faking machines are called casual for the reason that no skills and planning arerequired.17. The word "magnifying" in Sentence 3, Paragraph 4 means ________.A) making larger B) making smaller C) making clearer D) making easier18. You can be sure that the bill is faked when ________.A) you see microprinted words on the billB) you see green ink from one direction and yellow from another on the billC) you see a special line on the bill that runs from the top to the bottom and that has suchwords as ?°USA hundred?±D) you see normal ink on the bill19. In the last paragraph the second sentence is a(n) ________ of the first.A) explanation B) definition C) analysis D) description20. The author ends the article with ________.A) a conclusion B) an idea and a worryC) a prediction D) a reviewText 5There are different ideas about pets in different parts of the world. In most cultures, animals are in a worse position than human beings. In some cases, however, people treat their pets like members of their families, or perhaps better. In the UnitedStates and Europe, there are special shops that sell clothing and food for cats and dogs.In many countries of the world, there is special food for pets. It is common for big markets in many places to sell cat food and dog food. However, in a small town in France, there is a special restaurant for dogs. Dogs are the only customers. There is seating for twenty of them. The dogs choose from a variety of dishes on the menu.Of course, in most parts of the world, pets don't live in such wealth and comfort. People treat their pets in a more practical way. People own cats and dogs because they keep away mice and other unwanted animals. Owners have some loving feelings for their pets, but they do not see them as equal to family members. In most places in the world, there isn't any special clothing or fine food for animals. There aren't any special restaurants for dogs.Pets around the world live in a great variety of ways, just as people do.21. According to the passage, in most countries _________.A) animals are in a worse position than human beingsB) people treat their pets like members of their familiesC) there are special shops that sell clothing for dogs and catsD) pets such as dogs and cats are very popular22. According to the passage, there are ___________.A) many owners of dogs and cats in the United States and EuropeB) restaurants for dogs in every city in FranceC) no dogs or cats that wear clothingD) some people who treat their pets far better than they treat their children23. For many people, pets may have a more practical functionbecause _________.A) pets are often useful companions for old peopleB) cats and dogs can be used to keep away miceC) pets can sometimes be sold to make moneyD) some pets may show loving feelings for their owners.24. In your opinion, which of the following sentences is probably true?A) Dogs and cats like to wear expensive clothing.B) Many people visit the dog restaurant in France.C) People in every part of the world like to buy fine clothing for their pets.D) In some cases, animals have better food and clothing than people.25. The main idea of this reading passage is: _______.A) Dogs enjoy fine restaurantsB) A rich cat can afford to go to any restaurantC) People treat pets in very different ways in different parts of the worldD) It is stupid to have special food and clothing for animalsII. Vocabulary and StructureDirections: Choose the best one to complete each sentence (15 points)26. In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments,a student should ______ hisresults in logical order and clear language.A) perceive B) protest C) raise D) present27. The coming of the railways in the 1830s ______ our society and economic life.A) transformed B) transported C) transferred D) translated28. If you want to know the train timetable, please ______ atthe booking office.A) acquire B) inquire C) request D) require29. If you think that the illness might be serious you should not ______ going to the doctor.A) put off B) hold back C) put away D) hold up30. To cheat or not to cheat, this is a ________ of honesty.A) question B) problem C) request D) issue31. The ________ she is in is whether to get married and live her own life or to stay at homesupporting the family.A) trouble B) problem C) choice D) dilemma32. You asked me if you should move your parents in. Well, I can't advise you on such aquestion; it's a matter of ________.A) consciousness B) conscience C) kindness D) sympathy33. I work in the English department that _______ three teaching sections.A) makes of B) constitutes C) consists of D) forms34. In our discussion today I'd like first to ________ the influences that the Internet willexercise on modern life.A) account to B) account for C) talk D) say35. The strike was not a success because of the workers' leader who ________ the managers.A) sold out to B) sold out C) sold off D) sold up36. The heating system here has an ______ temperature control.A) aggressive B) intentional C) accidental D) automatic37. It is nice to travel with ______ paid by your employers, at no cost to yourself.A) facilities B) costs C) loans D) activities38. The gasoline ______ destroyed the company and injured many people.A) explored B) extended C) exported D) explosion39. Only two people survived the fire that ______ at midnight.A) broke out B) broke off C) broke up D) broke down40. The policeman went from house to house, ______ whether anyone had seen the lost boy.A) inquiring B) interrupting C) informing D) introduction41. On our trip out of the country we visited ______ in England.A) relationship B) relations C) relatives D) personnel42. Most people have no real idea how to change to healthy food, and Maureen was no________.A) foundation B) possibility C) exception D) ignorance43. He always knew what time it was, as if by ________.A) instinct B) imagination C) reaction D) reality44. He refuses to let others speak and ________ every meeting.A) confronts B) affects C) attaches D) dominates45. The creating of the steam machine, by James Watt, was a(n) ________ idea.A) spontaneous B) original C) previous D) cautious46. Young children have a limited attention ________ and can't focus on one activity for verylong.A) range B) span C) reach D) spread47. At the end of game, the whole crowd ________ their feet and cheered wildly.A) emerged from B) rose from C) got to D) stood up48. She can't remember committing the murder, although allthe facts point to her ________.A) guilt B) intention C) violence D) victim49. He apologizes for his comments and says he had no intention of ________ thecommunity.A) robbing B) barking C) collapsing D) offending50. The little girl could not ________ her curiosity to see what was in the box.A) hold B) keep C) take D) restrain51. He makes up his mind to ________ the post till the end of the year.A) keep in B) remain under C) stay at D) go on52. Robin thought that the best _______ to learning a foreign language is the study of thespoken language.A) method B) way C) means D) approach53. Listening, speaking, reading, and then writing _______ the basic order in languagelearning.A) assists B) constitutes C) establishes D) founds54. If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get _______.A) alarmed B) scared C) surprised D) confused55. The young professor ______ himself as an international leader in the field ofmathematics.A) established B) built C) founded D) found注意：●请按所答试卷在答题卡试卷类型处涂 [A]或[B]。
2011年6月大学英语六级真题与答案详解完整版
2011年6月大学英语六级真题与答案详解完整版Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11.M: I left 20 pages here to copy. Here is the receipt.W: I'm sorry, sir. But we're a little behind. Could you come back in a few minutes?Q: What does the woman mean?答案：C. She has not got the man's copies ready.解析：本题考的是文化场景，出现了copy 等词，还是比较基础的。
原文中男生想出示收据来拿复印材料，然后女生说“ we're a little behind. ”（我们动作稍落后）意思就是还没复印好。
12.W: I hope you're not too put out with me for the delay. I have to stop by friends' home to pick up a book on my way here.M: Well, that's not a big deal. But you might at least phone if you know you're going to keep someone waiting.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?答案：B. She was late for the appointment.解析：生活类场景题。
注意对"be put out with sb"（对……生气）的理解；文中女生首先对自己的迟到表示歉意并解释原因；男生说不是大问题，但是你至少得打个电话给我。
大学英语六级真题2011年6月
大学英语六级真题2011年6月(总分：710.00，做题时间：125分钟)一、Part I Writing (30 minutes) (总题数：1，分数：142.00)1.1. 现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2. 其目的各不相同3. 在我看来（分数：142.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(My opinion on certificate craze The growing tendency among college students to get all kinds of certificates has now evolved into a craze. Just randomly ask a student what he or she is busily engaged in doing, quite possibly, you would get the answer that he or she is preparing for a certificate of some kind. So, why’s the craze? The reason behind this phenomenon is common —the enormous pressure of finding a job. Faced with a harsh job market, most students have no choice but to seek more certificates to parlay their qualifications. Another factor is that diploma and certificates still weighs heavily in terms of signifying one’s ability. For the sake of increasing their odds of landing a better job, the students are compelled to run from one exam to another。
2011年6月大学英语六级阅读考试真题及答案_完美打印版
2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios: It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do?The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options and consequences. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far.Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions.Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair.Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if ...?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if...?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations.47. Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out __________.48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________.49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the __________ to her and offer an alternative solution.50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important to set up a system for stories to __________.51. People who learn to anticipate "What if...?" situations will be able to reach understanding and avoid__________.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists isthat immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality?There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers – meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, wasthe fiscal (财政的)burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits.The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected – say, low-skilled workers, or California residents – the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案详解68
2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案详解Part ⅠWriting (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……The Certificate Craze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questionson Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the seen tenses with the information given in the passage.Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places," he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American hist ory, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college – but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison – one of the top five or so prestigious public universities – graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its white students, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally – but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americans did so as well.Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools – Harvard, Yale, and Princeton – show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students. According to data gathered byHarvard Law School professor Lain Gainer, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves."Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student," says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. "If they fail, it's their fault." Some critics blame affirmative action –students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "under matched": they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill – knowing full well that the students won't make it. "The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end," says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university – after financial aid – equaled 28% of median(中间的)family income, while a four-year private university cost 76% of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers. Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, "Look t o the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year." But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the rigor(严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom –and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a "laser like focus" on building up student skills in the first three months, according to viceprovost(教务长)Damon Williams.State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some prepare Tory courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such programs can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring(辅导) of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2011年6月英语六级听力及答案
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspond ing letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. A) She will give him the receipt later.B) The man should make his own copies.C) She has not got the man's copies ready.D) The man forgot to make the copies for her.12. A) She phoned Fred about the book.C) She ran into Fred on her way here.B) She was late for the appointment. D) She often keeps other people waiting.13. A) Mark is not fit to take charge of the Student Union.B) Mark is the best candidate for the post of chairman.C) It won't be easy for Mark to win the election.D) Females are more competitive than males in elections.14. A) It failed to arrive at its destination in time.B) It got seriously damaged on the way.C) It got lost at the airport in Paris.D) It was left behind in the hotel.15. A) Just make use of whatever information is available.B) Put more effort into preparing for the presentation.C) Find more relevant information for their work.D) Simply raise the issue in their presentation.16. A) The man has decided to choose Language Studies as his major.B) The woman isn't interested in the psychology of language.C) The man is still trying to sign up for the course he is interested in.D) The woman isn't qualified to take the course the man mentioned.17. A) They are both to blame.B) They are both easy to please.C) They can manage to get along.D) They will make peace in time.18. A) They are in desperate need of financial assistance.B) They hope to do miracles with limited resources.C) They want to borrow a huge sum from the bank.D) They plan to buy out their business partners.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) We simply cannot help reacting instinctively that way.B) We wish to hide our indifference to their misfortune.C) We derive some humorous satisfaction from their misfortune.D) We think it serves them right for being mean to other people.20. A) They want to show their genuine sympathy.B) They have had similar personal experiences.C) They don't know how to cope with the situation.D) They don't want to reveal their own frustration.21. A) They themselves would like to do it but don't dare to.B) It's an opportunity for relieving their tension.C) It's a rare chance for them to see the boss lose face.D) They have seen this many times in old films.22. A) To irritatethem.C) To relieve her feelings.B) To teach them a lesson. D) To show her courage.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Smuggling drugs into Hong Kong.C) Stealing a fellow passenger's bag.B) Having committed armed robbery.D) Bringing a handgun into Hong Kong.24. A) He said not a single word during the entire flight.B) He took away Kumar's baggage while he was asleep.C) He was travelling on a scholarship from Delhi University.D) He is suspected of having slipped something in Kumar's bag.25. A) Give him alift.C) Check the passenger list.B) Find Alfred Foster.D) Search all suspicious cars.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
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理论思辨一、传统和经典声音理论辨析1、概述有声电影是由电影画面和电影声音构成的一个统一整体。
画面和声音都有记录客观现实和揭示现实内涵的艺术表现能力，各有其独特的内涵和功能。
因此，各自的美学功能、心理功能也不同。
当我们有意识地把它们经过剪辑组合后，如：音画合一、音画分立、音画平行和音画对位，这种声画艺术构思能对影片产生相应的作用。
我们将积极讨论以下几个问题：⏹有声电影是一种复杂的手段吗？⏹声音艺术是否丰富电影艺术的表现范围？⏹有声电影是电影的进步现象吗？2、无声片时代的声音表现手段⏹（１）通过视觉形象表现声音感⏹（２）通过心理联想表现声音感⏹（３）画面形象表现声音时存在的误区３、声音在电影艺术出现是的各种观点（１）电影评论家：“一种艺术的价值即在于它的特殊表现手段所具有的局限性。
”“声音到底是丰富了还是降低了表现力？”（２）爱森斯坦：“有声电影是把双刃剑。
有人会根据最省劲的的规律去运用它。
换而言之，用它仅仅是为了满足观众的好奇心而已”（３）卓别林：“对白片？你们可以说我是最讨厌它的了。
它会毁坏世界上最古老，既哑剧艺术。
它消除了无声片的巨大美感”４、有声电影真是一种复杂的手段吗？爱因汉姆在《电影作为艺术》理论中有关声音的观点：（１）在一部影片里，嗅觉、触觉或平衡感当然不是通过直接刺激来传达的，而是通过视觉来暗示的；（２）凡是其中心特征不能加以形象化表现的事件，都不宜拍成电影；（３）电影正是因为无声，才得到了取得卓越艺术效果的动力与力量；（４）有声电影仍然是一种复杂的手段。
结论：（１）机械地再现现实是自然主义的表现；（２）声音是机械再现现实的手段；（３）因此，电影中运用声音手段是自然主义的。
爱因汉姆观点的分析：（１）爱因汉姆对自然主义所具有的本质概念是模糊的、片面的。
（２）声音就其本质来说是人类了解自然、接触自然的一种媒介、一种工具和一种手段。
声音表征着重要的情感涵义。
（３）声音被应用到电影中去、有机地与影片画面内容相结合时，完全可以更典型化、更深刻地影片内容的主题。
５、声音作为人类了解自然的重要媒介丰富了电影艺术的表现范围（１）只有当声音有意识地用来刻画人物和描绘环境，出现了声画对位、声画统一的原则后，声音才不是自然主义的了，才转化为有力的艺术表现手段，成为电影艺术不可少的组成部分。
（２）一部优秀的电影应该遵循以上原则，把声音和画面有机地统一到一个主题中去。
在声音与画面有机结合的过程中，声音的确丰富了电影艺术的表现范围，它是电影艺术发展过程中的进步现象。
６、声音的确促进了电影艺术的发展二、影视配乐中音乐风格的多元化１、概述100多年前，法国的卢米埃尔兄弟在世界上第一次公开地放映电影，标志着电影的正式诞生。
１９０８年，出现了一些专门为电影创作音乐的作曲家。
１９２７年，美国影片《爵士歌王》的上映，标志着有声电影的诞生。
⏹２０世纪３０年代的末期是美国好莱坞电影的黄金年代。
⏹１９０５年，中国拍摄的第一部电影《定军山》标志着中国电影的诞生。
⏹１９３１年，诞生了中国的第一部有声电影《歌女红牡丹》。
２、音乐创作的风格特征（１）古典音乐（２）现代音乐３、电影中的古典音乐创作及应用⏹古典音乐成功应用的关键是对古典音乐风格的把握。
4、电影中的现代音乐创作及应用（1）流行风格的音乐在电影创作中的应用流行音乐在影视中应用的典型特征是反映某一时期特定的社会时代背景信息。
（2）摇滚风格的音乐在电影音乐创作中的应用摇滚音乐以其独特的宣泄性、震荡性来反映新生代的浮躁、忐忑、希翼与内心的体验。
（3）另类音乐在电影创作中的应用另类音乐是一种强调主观感受的音乐。
它表现的是个人欲望中的困惑与生活中的绝望，具有反抗的精神力量。
另类音乐继承了摇滚音乐的思想性和挑战性，同时赋予其新的时代精神。
5、电影音乐创作中的多元风格解析⏹电影音乐创作中的多元化已逐渐渗透到电影音乐创作的领域中。
多元风格的音乐作为创作元素可以被电影音乐吸收利用，使电影音乐的风格、内容更加丰富，使各种情绪和感受的表现更为完美，从而提高影片的整体艺术水平。
多元化风格的音乐的优势在于：一、不同风格的音乐可以表达不同的情绪、承担不同的剧作作用；二、使电影音乐的创作更加丰富，同时保持其主题内容的内在连续性；三、吸引不同欣赏口味的观众，进一步提高影片的艺术性和观赏性；四、进行新的音乐形式的探索，使音乐与音响结合为一体。
音乐风格多元化的前提条件：一、音乐创作要符合影片的风格和导演的整体创作构思；二、要使各种风格的音乐相互融合；三、注意音乐风格本身与所要表现的内容和情绪是否相辅相成法国“新浪潮”电影运动与思潮一、新浪潮的历史背景诗意现实主义之后，法国电影进入了一个断裂期，其直接的原因是纳粹德国的入侵。
法国最重要的电影大师都移居国外；1940年的排犹事件，把一大批犹太人赶出了制片厂。
留下的都是些平庸胆小、循规蹈矩的人。
战后，这一倾向逐步演化为被“新浪潮”的闯将们讥讽的“优质电影”。
二、新浪潮的历史过程所谓“新浪潮”，是指1958----1961年间，在法国影坛上突然涌现出一批由青年人第一次执导的影片，人们将这种现象称为电影“新浪潮”。
但“新浪潮”这一概念，一开始并不指电影，甚至更不指后来人们所指称的那批导演。
“新浪潮”首先是针对法国社会、政治问题的。
“新浪潮”的全盛时期是在1958年------1959年期间，它的标志性作品是：⏹1959年2月，《漂亮的塞尔其》，3月，《表兄弟》，克劳德.夏布罗尔导演;⏹1959年5月,《四百下》，弗特吕弗导演；⏹1959年5月，《广岛之恋》，阿仑雷乃导演；⏹1959年，《筋疲力尽》，让——吕克戈达尔导演。
三、“新浪潮”的主要导演“新浪潮”的成员中没有大师。
一般认为“新浪潮”的导演们有三部分人组成：一类导演是科班出身的，他们本来可以顺理成章的接班；一类是排短片或纪录片出身的，他们有经验、有想法，但没有地位；一类是从来没有站在取景器后面的人，主要是《电影手册》派的那批人，他们有想法、有野心，想取代“优质电影”的那批人。
1、弗特吕弗他的影片分为五个主题：书籍、儿童、女人、电影、他本人。
代表作《四百下》。
2、让——吕克戈达尔代表作《筋疲力尽》。
3、阿仑雷乃代表作《广岛之恋》，是“左岸派”的代表。
4、阿涅丝达瓦尔主要从事纪录片拍摄，叙事影片很少。
四、“新浪潮”的创作特色及其影响（一）创作倾向1、反传统、反体制的个性化特色；2、原创性；3、偶然性；4、杂合性。
（二）哲学基础及其理论来源1、弗洛伊德的精神分析说：无意识、俄狄浦斯情节。
2、萨特的存在主义思想：3、柏格森的直觉主义：4、巴赞的本体论：5、作者论：（三）“新浪潮” 的影响“新浪潮”是在60年代世界历史发生重大变化的前夜发生，它首先在审美领域，然后在意识形态领域成为这场大变革的预兆。
新浪潮是一场电影试验运动，它是以反对传统的语言模式拉开这场运动的序幕的。
当西方电影日益走向僵化的时候，它已不成熟作为一种风格，以具有颠覆意味的创新力，更新激活了这个电影机制。
它的精神首先影响了意大利的电影，然后在日本、西德、美国，以至于全世界的电影界产生影响，而这个影响之深、之远，一直到我们今天仍能感受的到。
“新浪潮”对后人的影响可以罗列许多条内容，而就新浪潮成员来说，早已各自分道扬镳，但其精神实质是被保存下来了。
那些对于人与世界、人与自身等问题的思考所引起的对电影的重新认识，以及对电影语言方式的重新定位和确认。
可以说，新浪潮之后，人们再也不会象以前一样排电影了；“新浪潮”之后，在也没有提出过全局性的足以改变对电影认识的新思想了。
我们现在还在消化“新浪潮”的成果。
6、提高电影音乐多元化风格创作水平的途径（1）对电影音乐创作者的要求第一，对素质的要求。
（全面接触各种风格的音乐和应用各种风格音乐的影片，客观地对其加以分析，加深对电影视听语言及电影音乐理论的理解，不断提高自身的音乐修养。
）第二，电影音乐人应具有勇于创新的精神。
( 只有不断尝试，才可积累丰富的创作经验，逐渐掌握电影音乐的应用规律。
) 第三，电影音乐的创作应避免音乐风格与影片内容的脱节。
（2）影视界与音乐界应紧密联系影视剧音乐艺术影视剧音乐的文化价值取向一、影视剧音乐为影视剧艺术开拓了具有深广意义含量的“四维空间”所谓“四维空间”是指超出剧情的现实发展，超出人物现场的具体情感状态，以一种“自卫”的方式所产生的表现作用。
当然，这里所谓的“超出”和“自卫”一定是与剧情有着某种联系。
例如：电影《与狼共舞》、《HIMALAY A》音乐所创造的“四维空间”的实际作用，往往是挖掘影视剧本身的意义内涵，在镜头和和语言无法表现的时候，充当意义的表现主体。
有时又好像是意义添加剂，以音乐特有的表现方式展现影视剧中蕴涵的文化内涵，揭示人物深层的心里活动和复杂的人物关系。
二、视觉所营造的假定性真实对音乐的意义填充作用由于音乐使用的是无语义的语言，在接受中发动的是人的感性领悟能力，要它在影视剧中发挥具体的艺术表现作用，有具体的情感指向性，有具体的内容和具体的含义，必定要与剧情结合在一起。
例如：电影《SCHINDLERS LIST》中辛德勒主题在影片中负载着多重意义：1、它本身所具有的美好代表着人性的光辉，光照在整部影片之上，与影片中演绎的现实形成了多重空间。
2、为影片主角辛德勒的良知发现铺设了逐渐发展的线索。
3、与影片的中心内容，即揭露纳粹对犹太人灭绝人性残酷迫害的种种行径形成强烈对比，以次来对照深化影片的主题。
4、由于主题音乐在影片中的两次完整出现都是在片尾，使得它所创造的艺术境界是整部影片不断意义添加的结果。
从接受的角度，它的意义承载具有概括整部影片的作用。
三、现代音乐观念和技法在影视剧音乐中的运用和展示音乐文化发展到现代，一个非常重要的特征就是对人们潜意识领域的开发和多元表现手法的综合应用。
（一）音乐音响所创造的现实和心里空间许多影视剧的编导现在越来越多地意识到音乐音响在影视剧中所起到的重要作用。
例如：基斯洛夫斯基的电影《蓝》。
（二）现代音乐表现领域在影视剧中的延伸许多现代的音乐表现题材一部分在企图深入到人性的深层，潜意识层去发觉表现的意义；一部分试图表现在“文明”的强势压迫下，企图回归自然，找回人类的原始感知力和原始创造力的愿望。
因此创造出了多种多样的音乐形态。
这些音乐作为一种专业音乐作品由于打破了传统的审美情趣，充斥着许多噪音和不规则的结构比例，为影视剧发挥出独特的表现作用。
例如：电影《喜玛拉雅》四、由“陌生”到“接受”的审美关系链条由于影视剧给予了内容的填充，使得音乐本身多释性的属性发生了变化，具有了一种可阐释性。
与纯音乐相比，这种可阐释性对于音乐的理解具有一定的限定，人们只能在影视剧的框架中去感受和理解音乐。
由“陌生”到“接受”，就是将人们即拉出了熟悉的环境，又营造了一个新的接受环境，让你由陌生到接受的过程获得新的审美界域和审美体验。