英语国家概况_第六章
英语国家概况Chapter 6
英语国家概况
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
1.2 The Old English Period
Wiglaf 在诗中最后对那些不敢战斗如懦夫般的战
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So it is goodbye to all you know and
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Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
II
The Renaissance (1500-1660)
2.1 General Knowledge 2.2 William Shakespeare
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Sonnet 141
In faith I do not love thee with mine eyes, For they in thee a thousand errors note; But `tis my heart that loves what they despise, Who in despite of view is pleased to dote. Nor are mine ears with thy tongue`s tune delighted; Nor tender feeling to base touches prone, Nor taste, nor smell, desire to be invited To any sensual feast with thee alone. But my five wits, nor my five senses can Dissuade one foolish heart from serving thee, Who leaves unswayed the likeness of a man, Thy proud heart`s slave and vassal wretch to be. Only my plague thus far I count my gain, That she that makes me sin awards me pain.
Chapter VIII Britain in the 20th Century
英语国家概况 施叶丽
IV. Britain since 1945
The country was bankrupt after the war. The wartime prime minister, Churchill was voted out and a new Labour government nationalised many industries, electricity, gas, water, health. Britain took a long time to recover from the cost of war. Britain began to dismantle her Empire.
英语国家概况 施叶丽
The Swinging Sixties brought the mini skirt and the Beetles. The Royal family became more newsworthy. The marriage of Price Charles to Diana brought some much needed glamour to the Royal family. The birth of two sons “the heir and the spare” was followed soon after by divorce.
英语国家概况 - (大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合帝国 )第六章 英国经济
第六章英国经济英国是世界上最老的工业国，工业革命首先发生在英国。
一个世纪前英国被称为"世界工广"。
英国生产出许多商品然后销往世界各地。
那时的英国经济属世界强国之林，生活水平远远高于欧洲邻国。
但是今非昔比。
二战后不久，英国不仅失去经济霸权，而且其工业领导地位也丢失大部分。
其人均国民生产总值在1900年被美国超过，1950年被法国和德国超过，1960年被意大利超过。
1950年至1973年间，英国的国民生产总值平均年增产率为3.0%，低于其大多数贸易伙伴。
经济发展受阻于长期收支差额赤字。
一个国家的收支差额是指出口所挣的货币与进口所花货币之间的差额。
当一个国家花在进口上的总货币量超过它在出口上得到的总货币量时，这个国家就遭受收支差额的赤字。
几十年来英国一直存在收支差额赤字。
在增长率上英国再也不能与其他工业国匹敌。
现在常用"英国病"这个词来概括英国经济衰退的特征。
I.二战后英国经济的演变二战后英国经济的发展有三个阶段:1.15年代和60年代的稳定发展二战蹂躏了欧洲。
战争使英国经济遭受巨大损失，但它所受的直接战争损失比其他欧洲国家和日本要小。
美国的援助使英国经济很快恢复。
被战争抑制的消费需求很快成了促进经济发展的重要因素。
到1947年底英国经济已恢复到战前水平。
1950年英国的国民生产总值及外贸列世界第二位(仅次于美国)，人均收入列世界第三位。
这一时期英国经济的特点是发展缓慢但很稳定，失业少，物质的极度繁荣伴随着消费水平的提高。
像所有西方国家一样，英国把充分就业问题看作是战后经济的突出问题，它所奉行的经济政策以约翰·凯恩斯理论为基础。
他提出，政府在利用物价和收入政策从根本上抑制通货膨胀的同时，应该利用财政和货币政策来微调社会的总需求，以达到充分就业的目的。
这种以高消费和低投资为特点的政策也产生了一些问题，其中之一是劳动力费用昂贵，这反过来又导致英国在国际市场上竞争力低下。
英语国家概况Chapter 6
John Milton, poet, pamphleteer and historian. The twins poems L’Allegro and II Penseroso describe respectively the cheerful social mood and the meditative solitary mood.
Bysshe Shelley and John Keats.
George Gordon Byron, known as Lord Byron, traveled extensively in Europe. He produced the Child Harold’s Pilgrimage
His masterpieand parts of its story to the old legend of the great lover Don Juan.
• The greatest English realist is Charles Dickens.
Percy Bysshe Shelley
His writings encompass a broad range. The long poem “The Revolt of Islam” preaches revolution; the political lyric “The Masque of Anarchy” sings for the working class; and the essay “A Defense of Poetry” upholds the place of imagination and love in arts.
Gulliver’s Travels is his greatest work. It is a fanciful account of Gulliver’s four voyages to Lilliput, the land of tiny people; Brobdingnag, the land of giants; the Island of Sorcerers, where he speaks with great men of the past and learns from them the lies of history; and the land governed by horses.
英语国家概况6
Whitman Vs Emerson
The preface to the 1855 edition of Leaves of Grass is an elaboration of Emerson's essay "The Poet." It echoes Emerson's "America is a poem in our eyes." E: American poet as the universal man W: the greatest poet breathes into the world the grandeur and life of the universe. Whitman, along with Emerson, sees the poet as taking over the job of a minister, a clergyman, the church. To them, art should be based on nature. p90
Emily Dickinson 1830-1886
In what ways does Dickinson differ from Whitman? p96 W: keeps his eye on society at large D: explores the inner life of the individual W: national in his outlook D: regional, "because I see New-Englandly" W: endless, all-inclusive catalogs (form) D: concise, direct, simple diction and syntax
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主要英语国家概况chapter 6
我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？ 你不独比它可爱也比它温婉： 狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践， 夏天出赁的期限又未免太短： 天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈， 它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽： 被机缘或无常的天道所摧折， 没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。 但是你的长夏永远不会雕落， 也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳， 或死神夸口你在他影里漂泊， 当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。 只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛， 这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。
While Beowulf is not considered a great piece of art, it did contribute a great deal to the English literary tradition The King Arthur legends, The Lord of the Rings, and the Harry Potter novels can trace their roots back to Beowulf In other words, while it is not considered to be a fantasy, it does contain many of the elements that would later become essential components of the fantasy genre
Summary: You are comparable to a summer day, but summer’s beauty is brief. You, on the other hand, will enjoy eternal youth in my verse, which can make you immortal.
英语国家概况week6单词
∙Nuclear family—a couple and their dependent children, regarded as a basic social unit.∙Welfare state—a system whereby the state undertakes to protect the health and well-being of its citizens, especially those in financial or social need∙Mortgage—a legal agreement by which a bank, building society, etc. lends money at interest in exchange for taking title of the debtor's property, with the condition that the title of the property becomes the individual’s once the debt has been paid∙Interest—money paid regularly at a particular rate for the use of money lent, or for delaying the repayment of a debt.∙National Health Service (NHS)—the publicly funded healthcare system of The United Kingdom. It is the largest and the oldest single-payer healthcare system in the world∙Pension—a regular payment made by the state to people of or above the official retirement age and to some widows and disabled people.∙Social Security (UK)—monetary assistance from the state for people with an inadequate or no income.∙Social Security (US)—a program that requires workers to make regular payments to a government fund which is used to make payments to people who are unable to work because they are old, disabled, or retired∙Union—an organization of workers formed to protect the rights and interests of its members∙Federalism—Political system that binds a group of states into a larger, noncentralized, superior state while allowing them to maintain their own political identities∙Private Sector—the part of the national economy that is not under direct state control∙Public Sector—the part of the national economy that is state-funded。
英语国家概况-课文-翻译
第一章国土与人民Ⅰ.英国的不同名称及其区域人们说到英国时常常使用不同的名称:不列颠、大不列颠、英格兰、不列颠群岛、联合王国等。
这些名称一样吗?还是有所区别?严格地讲，不列颠诸岛、大不列颠和英格兰都是地理名称。
它们并不是这个国家的正式名称。
不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。
两个大岛是大不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛，其中大不列颠岛较大，它与爱尔兰岛的北部一北爱尔兰构成联合王国。
因此，联合王国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
但一口气说出这么长的国名太费事，因此，人们就说不列颠，联合王国或简单地说UK。
这是不列颠岛上的一个国家，首都是伦敦。
另外还有一个国家，叫爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰，也位于不列颠岛上。
它占据了爱尔兰岛的其余部分，在岛的南部。
1949年始爱尔兰独立，首都是都柏林。
大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
英格兰面积最大、人口最多，一般说来也最富裕。
因此人们常用英格兰指代英国，用英格兰人指代英国人。
这有时令苏格兰人和威尔士人不快，他们不认为自己是"英格兰人"，他们有自己的文化，甚至有自己的语言。
英国一直是世界上最重要的国家之一。
约一百年前，由于推行帝国主义扩张政策，英国成为一个帝国，这个帝国占有世界上四分之一的人口，四分之一的面积。
它不仅在北美，而且在亚洲、非洲和澳洲都有殖民地。
但是两次世界大战大大削弱了英国，英国殖民地接二连三独立，大英帝国逐渐消失，1931年由英联邦所取代。
英联邦是一个自由联合体，由曾经是英国殖民地变为现已独立的国家构成。
成员国之间实行经济合作，有一定的贸易协议。
英联邦没有特别的权力，是否参加英联邦由各成员国自己决定。
目前( 1991年) ，英联邦有50个成员国。
Ⅱ.英国的地理特征英国是个岛国，四周是海。
它位于欧洲北海岸附近的北大西洋中。
南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海把英国与欧洲的其他部分隔开。
英法之间的英吉利海峡很狭窄，最狭窄的地方叫多佛尔海峡，只有33公里宽。
英语国家概况必背串讲笔记U.K.6~10
英语国家概况精讲：第六章英国经济Chapter 6：The Economy 英国经济I. The Evolution of the British Economy since the WarThe evolution of the British economy since WWII falls into three periods:二战后英国经济发展可分为三个阶段：(1) Steady development in the 50s and 60s: The British economy in this period is c haracterized by slow but steady growth, low unemployment and great material prosperity with rising standards of consumption.（1）战后50-60年代平稳发展时期。
其主要特点是经济缓慢而持续增长，失业率低，物质丰富，人民消费水平不断增长。
(2) Economic recession in the 70s: In the 1970s among the developed countries, Brit ain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate, and the high record o f trade deficits.（2）70年代经济滞胀。
在70年代，英国在所有的发达资本主义国家中，始终保持最低经济增长率，最高的通货膨胀率，和最高的贸易赤字纪录。
(3) Economic recovery in the 80s: An outstanding feature of the economic recovery i n the 80s was its length, lasting seven years. Another was the improved financial position of the government, with stronger current account of the balance of payments.（3）80年代经济复苏。
《英语国家概况》自学教材目录及考试大纲
附：自学考试《英语国家概况》自学考试教材目录（课程代码：0522）Part one The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter1Land and PeopleChapter2The Origins of a Nation(5000BC-AD1066)Chapter3The Shaping of the Nation(1066——1381)Chapter4Transition tO the Modern Age(1455——1688)Chapter5The Rise and Fall of the British Empire(1688——1990)Chapter6The EconomyChapter7Government and AdministrationChapter8Justice and the LawChapter9Social AffairsChapter10Cultural AffairsPart Two The Republic of IrelandChapter11Geography and HistoryChapter12Ireland TodayPart Three The United States of AmericaChapter13GeographyChapter14Population．Race and Ethnic GroupsChapter15American History(I)(1600——1900)Chapter16American History(II)(1900-1945)Chapter17American History(III)America in Post Era(1945-1980s)Chapter18The EconomyChapter19Political InstitutionsChapter20EducationChapter21Literature．Architecture and MusicChapter22Holidays and FestivalsPart Four CanadaChapter23Geography and HistoryChapter24The EconomyChapter25Government and PoliticsChapter26Society and CulturePart Five AustraliaChapter27Land and PeopleChapter28Australian History(I)Australia to FederationChapter29Australian History(II)Australia Since FederationChapter30The EconomyChapter31Government and PoliticsChapter32Society and CulturePart Six New ZealandChapter33The Making of New ZealandChapter34New Zealand Today第一部分英国概况第一章国土和人民第二章英国民族起源（5000BC~AD1066）第三章民族的形成（1066~1381）第四章向现代过渡时期的英国（1455~1688）第五章大英帝国的兴衰（1688~1990）第六章经济第七章英国政府机构第八章法律与司法机构第九章英国社会第十章英国文化第二部分爱尔兰概况第十一章爱尔兰地理与历史第十二章今日爱尔兰第三部分美国概况第十三章美国地理第十四章人口、种族和种族集团第十五章美国历史（I）（1600~1900）第十六章美国历史（II）（1900~1945）第十七章美国历史（III）二次大战后的美国（1945-1980S）第十八章美国经济第十九章政治体制第二十章教育第二十一章文学、建筑和音乐第二十二章假日和节日第四部分加拿大概况第二十三章加拿大地理与历史第二十四章加拿大经济第二十五章加拿大政府与政治第二十六章加拿大的社会与文化第五部分澳大利亚概况第二十七章土地与人民第二十八章澳大利亚联邦成立之前的历史第二十九章澳大利亚联邦成立以来的历史第三十章澳大利亚经济第三十一章澳大利亚政府与政治制度第三十二章澳大利亚社会与文化第六部分新西兰概况第三十三章新西兰地理与历史第三十四章今日新西兰附件：《英语国家概况自学考试大纲》的考核目标Part One The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Chapter1Land and PeopleI.Different Names for Britain and its PartsChapter2The Origins of a NationI．Early Settlers3．The CeltsII．Roman BritainIII．The Anglo-SaxonsⅣ．The Viking and Danish InvasionsV．The Norman ConquestChapter3The Shaping of the NationⅠ．Norman Rule1.William’s RuleⅡ．The Great Charter and the Beginning of Parliament1.The Great CharterⅢ．The Hundred Years’War with FranceⅣ．The Black Death and the Peasant UprisingChapter4Transition to the Modern AgeⅠ．Transition to the Modern AgeⅡ．The English ReformationⅢ．Elizabeth I1.Elizabeth and Parliament2.Elizabeth’s Religious Reform3.Elizabeth’s Foreign PolicyⅣ．The English RenaissanceVII.The Civil WarsVIII.The CommonwealthIX.The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution of1688Chapter5The Rise and Fall of the British EmpireⅠ．Whigs and ToriesⅡ．Agricultural Changes in the Late18th CenturyⅢ．The Industrial RevolutionⅣ．The Chartist MovementVII．Twentieth Century1.Britain and the First World War3.Britain and the Second World War4.Postwar BritainChapter7Government and AdministrationⅠ．The MonarchyⅡ．Parliament1.The House of Lords2.The House of CommonsⅢ．The Cabinet and MinistryⅣ．The Privy CouncilChapter8Justice and the LawIV．The JudiciaryV．PoliceChapter9Social AffairsⅠ．Health and Social Services1．The National Health ServiceⅢ．Religion1．Established churchesⅣ．Festivals and Public Holidays1．Christian festivals2．Other festivals3．Public holidaysChapter10Cultural AffairsⅠ．Education3．Higher educationⅡ．The Media1．NewspapersⅢ．SportsⅣ．The Arts3．DramaPart Two The Republic of Ireland Chapter11Geography and HistoryI.Geographical FeaturesII.Climate and WeatherIII.Population and ReligionIV.Historical backgroundPart Three The United States of America Chapter14Population,Race and Ethnic GroupsI.IntroductionIV.Racial and Ethnic Minorities1．BlacksChapter15American History(I)Ⅰ．Discovery of the New WorldⅡ．The Colonial PeriodⅢ．The War of IndependenceⅣ．A New Form of GovernmentⅥ．Territorial Expansion and Westward MovementⅦ．The Civil WarⅧ．Rapid Growth of Capitalism after the Civil WarChapter16American History(II)Ⅰ．Economic DevelopmentⅡ．ProgressivismⅢ．World War I and the United StatesⅣ．The United States in the1920sⅤ．The Great Depression and the New DealⅥ．World War II and the United StatesChapter17American History(III)Ⅰ．The Origins of the Cold WarⅡ．The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan V．McCarthyismVII．American Society During the Postwar Boom:1945-1960s VIII．The Cuban Missile CrisisIX．The Vietnam WarX．United States’Relations with ChinaXII．Watergate ScandalChapter18The Economy(Two paragraphs)Ⅰ．The Economic System of the United StatesV．Foreign TradeVI．Problems in the U.S.EconomyChapter19Political InstitutionsⅠ．The U.S.Constitution1．The Federal system2．Separation of powers:checks and balances3．Provisions for amendmentⅡ．The Executive Branch1．The Presidency2．Presidential PowersⅢ．The Legislative Branch2.Powers of the House and Senate3.Officers of the Congress4.Functions of the CongressⅤ．Political Parties(two-party system)Chapter20EducationⅠ．Characteristics of American EducationⅡ．Elementary and Secondary EducationⅢ．Higher EducationⅤ．Education ReformsChapter21Literature,Architecture and MusicⅠ．American Literature1．Washington Irving2．Emerson and Hawthorne3．Mark Twain4．Whitman and Dickinson5．Theodore Dreiser6．T.S.Eliot7．Ernest Hemingway8．Hughes and WrightChapter22Holidays and FestivalsⅠ．New Year’s DayIV．Valentine’s DayVI．Easter DayVIII．Independence DayIX．HalloweenXI．Thanksgiving DayⅩII．Christmas DayPart Four Canada Chapter23Geography and HistoryⅠ．Geographic Features4.Geographic regionsⅡ．The making of Canada1．The European discovery3．Self-government and Confederation4．The Canadian nationChapter26Society and CultureI．Canadian Society1．Population2．Immigration3．Bilingualism4．MulticulturalismPart Five Australia Chapter27Land and peopleⅠ．The Geographical Structure1．The Great Western Plateau2．The Eastern Highlands3．The Central Eastern LowlandsⅡ．Climate3.Causes and effects of the hot and dry climate Ⅳ．People1．Population2．Population density and distributionⅤ．Australia’s Built Environment1．Sprawling cities2．Rural areasⅥ．Political Divisions1．New South Wales2．Victoria3．Queensland4．South Australia5．West Australia6．TasmaniaChapter32Society and CultureIV．Australian Culture1．Aboriginal culture2．Modern Australian culturePart Six New Zealand Chapter33The Making of New ZealandⅠ．GeographyⅡ．ClimateⅢ．Plants and AnimalsⅣ．Historical Background2．The Treaty of Waitangi1840VI.Maoritanga5.Race relations《<英语国家概况>自考辅导》目录（配合《英语国家概况》余志远，外语教学与研究出版社2005版）Part One The United Kingdom of Great Britain and North IrelandChapter1Land and People(英国的国土与人民)Chapter2The origins of the Nation(国家的起源)Chapter3The Shaping of the Nation(英国的形式)Chapter4Transition to the Modern Age(向现代过度的英国)Chapter5The Rise and Fall of the British Empire(英帝国的兴衰)Chapter6The Economy(英国经济)Chapter7Government and Administration(英国政府机构)Chapter8Justice and the Law（法律和司法机构）Chapter9Social Affairs(社会事务)Chapter10Cultural Affairs(文化事务)Part Two The Republic of IrelandThe Republic of Ireland(爱尔兰共和国)Part Three United States of AmericaChapter1A Survey of American Natural Circumstances and Geography(美国的自然环境和地理概况)Chapter2People and Ethnic Groups(人口和名族)Chapter3American History(Ⅰ)(1600-1900)(美国历史)Chapter4American History(Ⅱ)(1900-1945)(美国历史)Chapter5American History(Ⅲ)(1945-1980s’)(美国历史)Chapter6American Literature(美国文学)Chapter7American Economy(美国经济)Chapter8American Politics(美国政治)Chapter9American Education(教育)Chapter10American Music,Architecture and Newspaper（音乐、建筑和报纸）Chapter11Holidays and Festivals（美国的节假日）Part Four CanadaChapter1The History of Chanada（加拿大的历史）Chapter2Canadian Geography(加拿大地理)Chapter3The Economy（经济）Chapter4Government and Politics（政府和政治）Chapter5Society and Culture（社会与文化）Part Five AustraliaChapter1Australia”s Land and People（澳大利亚的国土与人口）Chapter2Australian History（澳大利亚历史）Chapter3Australian Economy（澳大利亚经济）Chapter4Polotical System(澳大利亚政治体制）Chapter5Society and Culture（社会与文化）Part Six New ZealandChapter1The making of New of New Zealand（地理与历史）Chapter2New Zealand Today（今日新新西兰）。
英语国家概况 Chapter 6
6.3 The Stars and Stripes
• Old Glory is a common nickname for the flag of the United States, bestowed by William Driver, an early nineteenth century American sea captain.
6.3 The Stars and Stripes
6.3 The Stars and Stripes
• The Stars and Stripes is also called Old Glory, or Star-Spangled Banner, which is the national flag of the USA, consisting of white stars (50 from July 4, 1960) on a blue canton, with a field of 13 alternate stripes, 7 red and 6 white. The 50 stars stand for the 50 states in the USA and the 13 stripes stand for the original 13 states.
6.3 The Stars and Stripes
• The First Flags --- The American flag has not always looked the way it does today. The United States has changed. So has the American flag! --- When the United States was a new country, there were 13 states. The first American flag had 13 stars and 13 stripes. The stars and stripes stood for the first states of the country.
《英语国家概况》Unit 6 British Economy课件
In the late 18th century Britain acquired vast, unpopulated territories in Canada, Australia and New Zealand, and in the early and middle of 19th century, it colonized large areas in Asia such as India and China. By 1900, Britain had built up a big empire “on which the sun never set”, which included 25% of the world’s population and area.
Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but other countries developed more rapidly, so it slip from being the 2nd largest economy soon after the year 1945 to being the 6th.
produced 1/2 of the world’s coal, iron and cotton;
greater shipping amount than the sum of the rest of the world
2. Overtaken in 1900 by both the United States and Germany. 3. Decline since 1945 （1）It is relative decline
Encouraged by the large quantities of wealth brought by
英语国家概况第六章 翻译
3.纺织业纺织业是英国最古老的工业之一。
纺织品曾是国家最有价值的出口商品。
羊毛制品、棉布和合成纤维制品是英国生产的多种布制品中的几种。
英国现在的主要纺织基地是中东部，约克郡和汉伯塞德郡及北爱尔兰。
羊毛业传统上主要位于奔宁山脉东边的约克郡，因为此地是牧羊中心，并且附近就有煤为工厂提供动力。
布拉德福德市和利兹市是重要的羊毛纺织中心。
棉织工业位于羊毛纺织城市西边的兰开夏郡，因为奔宁山脉的西边气候温润且空气潮湿，使纺棉时不会断裂。
英国不产棉花，所需棉花全进口，棉花先运到利物浦，然后由运河运到纺织业重镇曼彻斯特。
自从70年代以来，传统的生产特征已改变。
因此中东部不再被看作是专门从事针织和袜业生产的地区，约克郡和汉伯塞德郡也不再视为羊毛产地，北爱尔兰不再被看作亚麻布产区。
英国纺织业的显著衰退尤其表现在棉花、黄麻布和亚麻布的生产上。
到1980年许多工厂关闭，劳动力人数减至60年代初就业人数的三分之一。
其原因可总括如下：(1)纺织品出口不能很好地与生产出更便宜商品的国外产家竞争。
(2)英国增加了从外国产家进口更廉价纺织品。
(3)落后及过时的管理决策导致许多问题。
特别是没有找到新市场，没有使用新技术。
(4)人造纤维代替品(现占所有纺织品产量的四分之三)已取替像羊毛、棉布、黄麻布和亚麻布这类的天然纤维。
(5)由于机械化每个工人的产量有了提高。
与棉布、黄麻布和亚麻布生产相比，高质量的羊毛制品还未受严重影响。
英国的纺织业未被国有化，但现在已出现全国性公司的大兼并，因此纺织业有了国有工业类似的管理结构。
4.造船业19世纪中期英国已成为世界首屈一指的造船业强国。
当时的铁和和钢材取代木料作为建造商船的原料。
英国的地位使其从这一变化中受益巨大。
当时煤矿和钢铁工业已经建立，英国还有许多良港及优秀的熟练劳力供应。
有两大造船业中心：一个在英格兰的组卡索尔附近的泰恩河，另一个在苏格兰格拉斯哥附近的克莱德河上。
现在，由于海外竞争加剧，设备过时，船只的需求和订单减少以及缺少工业投资，许多造船和修船厂都已关闭。
英语国家概况 谢福之 Chapter 6 literature
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
2.2 William Shakespeare (1564-1616) Jaques:
All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players;
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
1.2 The Old English Period
Old English: the epic Beowulf贝奥武夫
■ A folk legend brought to England by the Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.
ability to find universal human qualities and to put them in dramatic situations.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Blank verse is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme. In English, the meter most commonly used with blank verse has been iambic pentameter 。 无韵诗是诗歌的一种，特点是有整齐的格律，却没有韵 脚（即句尾不押韵）。英语中，无韵诗最常用的格律是抑扬 格五音步（因此无韵诗又被称为无韵五节拍诗）。每行用五 个长短格音步――十个音节组成，每首行数不拘，不压韵。 不押韵的诗称无韵诗或白体诗。 应用 多用在戏剧和叙事诗 中。莎士比亚的戏剧和弥尔顿的Paradise Lost 都是用无韵 诗写成的。 押韵的诗叫rhymed verse。无韵诗不同于自 由诗。无韵诗虽不押韵，但是有固定节奏，以扬抑格五音步 最常见。自由诗节奏不固定，如同白话。 Free verse is a form of poetry which refrains from meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern. 自由诗是一种不受格律、韵脚或其他音乐节拍约束的诗 歌形式。
英语国家概况完整篇复习重点Word版
英语国家概况Chapter 1 Land and People第一章英国的国土与人民I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts 英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.地理名称：不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3.The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
(2) Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。
英语国家概况unit 6 Britishe conomy
European Union 欧盟
In 1951, the European Coal and Steel Community was founded. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome established European Economic Community. In 1992, the treaty on the European Union was signed.
Pound = 100 New pence / 20 shillings
Shilling = 12 pence
Notes and coins Notes: 5 pounds, 10 pounds, 20 pounds and 50 pounds Coins: 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 10p, 50, 1 pound
European Union
an economic and political union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe political centers: Brussels, Luxembourg and Strasbourg was established on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the preexisting European Economic Community 500 million citizens
Commonwealth of Nations
英联邦
It is an association of 53 independent states, almost all of which are former colonies of the British Empire.
英语国家概况 第6章 英国经济
①The economy of the UK is the fifth-largest in the world in terms of market ex¬change rates and the sixth-largest bypurchasing power parity（PPP）.①按照市场汇率计算，英国是世界第五大经济体，按购买力平价计算排名世界第六。
②It is the second-largest economy （第二大经济体）in Europe after Germany.②是欧洲继德国之后第二大经济体。
③According to the World Bank’s statistics, its GDP per capita in2012 was the 25th-highest in the world.③根据世界银行的统计，其2012.年国内生产总值在世界排名第二十五位。
④In 2012, the UK was the 11th-largest exporter and the sixth-largest importer in the world.④2012年，英国是世界第十一大出口国和世界第六大进口国。
2）英国是世界上全球化程度最高的国家之一。
其首都伦敦是世界主要的金融中心之一，其他的金融中心还有纽约、中国香港和新加坡。
3）英国经济体是由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰经济体组成。
英国在1973年成为欧洲共同体的成员国，并签署了《马斯赫特条约》，在1993年欧盟成立之初便成为欧盟成员国。
1）1945-1960s Following the end of World War Ⅱ, the UK enjoyed a longperiod without a major recession （from 1945 to 1973）and arapid growth in prosperity in the 1950s and 1960s.1）1945年到20世纪60年代：第二次世界大战结束后，很长的一段时间内，英国保持平稳发展，没有出现大的经济衰退（1945年到1973年），在50、60年代，经济繁荣发展，增长快速。
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tiantianyeh
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
2020/4/20
Geoffrey Chaucer (ca. 1343-1400) 乔叟： one of the greatest English poets "The Canterbury Tales“ 《坎特伯雷故事集》
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Early writings
❖Book of Kells ❖English literature began with the
Anglo-Saxon settlement in England. The study of English literature usually begins with the Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
The Canterbury Tales
A work written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the late fourteenth century about a group of pilgrims, of many different occupations and personalities, who meet at an inn near London as they are setting out for Canterbury, England. Their host proposes a storytelling contest to make the journey more interesting. The language is Middle English.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Beowulf： It is one of the oldest “Old English” literary works in British literature.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
1.2 The Old English Period ❖Old English: the epic Beowulf
■ A folk legend brought to England by the Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes.
1.3 The Middle English Period ❖With the Norman Conquest in 1066, Britain
entered the Middle Ages (1066-1485). ❖Middle English: The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400)
II
The Renaissance (1500-1660)
2.1 General Knowledge 2.2 William Shakespeare
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Elizabethan Drama
❖By the time of Queen Elizabeth I’s reign (1558-1603), English was basically as it is today.
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
2.1 General Knowledge ❖Renaissance is characterized by admiration of the
内容提要： 4月的一天，一群香客去坎特伯
雷朝圣，投宿在泰巴旅店。次日， 店主、香客与在此住宿的作者一起 出发。店主提议在去坎特伯雷的路 上每人讲两个故事，回来时再讲两 个，被大家公认为最佳的讲故事者 可以在回来时白吃一顿丰盛的晚餐。
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
❖In the works of Shakespeare and later in the King James version of the Bible, English reached its peak of purity and beauty.
❖In all the centuries since, the English language has undergone gradual changes. Shakespeare lives in this age but he belongs to all ages. He is the greatest playwright and poet.
II The Renaissance (1500-1660) III The Neo-Classical Period (1660-1785) IV The Romantic Period (1785-1830) V The Victorian Period (1832-1901) VI The Modern Period (1914-1945) VII The Postmodern Period (1945- )
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Chapter 6
Literature
英 语 国 家 概 况
CONTENT
I The Old English Period and Middle English Period (450-1500)