简单句的五种基本类型

简单句的五种基本类型
简单句（Simple Sentences）就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子
英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了!
按结构分
一个完整的简单句由“主语部分+谓语部分”构成
The man is a teacher.
主语部分谓语部分
He works hard.
主语部分谓语部分
He teaches English well.
主语部分谓语部分
造句的关键就在于动词一般而言,每个句子都应该有个动词( 除了省略句外)
动词连系动词be (am is are was were) / seem / keep
是/好象(似乎)是/保持
look / feel / taste / smell / sound
看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)
become / turn / get / grow 变得
主要动词
行为动词不及物动词laugh / smlie / look / listen
及物动词see / hear / drank / eat
助动词be (am / is /are / was / were)
do / does / did
have / has / had
will / shall / be going to
辅助动词
情态动词can / may / must / shall / need
could / should / would / might
have (has) to / had better
连系动词表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。

由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。

和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说: 连系动词后面的就/才是表语!
He is a boy. She is a girl. They are students. They are good.
He looks / seems ill.
The apple tastes nice.
Trees turn green.
Your idea sounds good.
主语连系动词表语
主系表结构（SVP）= 主语+连系动词+表语
狗咬人。

主语谓语宾语
人咬狗。

主语谓语宾语
主语Subject:表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。

也就是动作的发出者。

一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。

谓语Predicate:说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。

也就是做了什么行为动作或处于什么状态。

谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。

宾语Object:表示动作、行为的对象。

也就是动作的接受者。

一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。

什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢?
及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drank / eat
I saw him last week.
We heard the bad news yesterday.
They eat bread every day.
He drank a glass of milk just now.
不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词:
laugh / smile / look / listen / …
She smiled happily.
They laughed loudly.
如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:
She look at the blackboard carefully.
He listened to his teacher in class.
They laughed at us after the match.
不及物动词
主谓结构（SV）= 主语+谓语动词
The worker ran fast. The doctor listened carefully The duck is swimming.
及物动词
主谓宾结构（SVO）=主语+谓语+宾语
He likes basketball game. He is playing the guitar now.
He played soccer yesterday.
主谓双宾结构（SVOiOd）
=主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
She teaches us.
She teaches English She teaches us English
She told me a story He gave me a present.
可以用于这种句式的动词主要有
(A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / do
He bought me a new bike. 也可以改为for sb. 的句式He bought a new bike for me. (B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / hand
She lent me a book. 也可以改为to sb. 的句式She lent a book to me.
主谓宾宾补结构（SVOC）=主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语
He told me to clean my room
I saw her dancing.
Our teacher asks us to read English every day.
可以用于这种句式的动词主要有
let / have / make sb. do sth.
ask / want / tell / allow / wish / get /
sb. to do sth.
expect / encourage / invite / teach
find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth.
sb. doing sth.
help sb. (to) do sth.
有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了：
他们放风筝。

They fly the kites.
风筝在天上飞。

The kites fly in the sky.
[1]主系表型
She is a very good girl .
(__语) (__词) (___语)
The girl is very good.
(__语) (__词) (___语)
[2] 主谓型
<1>______式: They ‖laughed. The kites ‖fly in the sky.
(__语) (__词) (__语) (__词)
<2>______式: I ‖bought a new bike. He ‖plays volleyball.
(__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) (__词) (__语)
<3>______式: She ‖told me a story. He ‖gave me a good book.
(__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) <4>______式He ‖asked me to help him. He ‖made me happy.
(__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) [1]主系表型
She is a very good girl .
(主语) (连系动词) (表语)
The girl is very good.
(主语) (连系动词) (表语)
[2] 主谓型
<1>主谓式: They ‖laughed. The kites ‖fly in the sky.
(主语) (谓语动词) (主语) (谓语动词)
<2>主谓宾式: I ‖bought a new bike. He ‖plays volleyball.
(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) <3>主谓宾宾式:
She ‖told me a story. He ‖gave me a good book.
(主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语)
<4>主谓宾宾补式
He ‖asked me to help him. He ‖made me happy. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语)。