哈尔滨师范大学 西语 翻译学课件2

1. Ecology 2. Material Culture 3. Social Culture 4. Religious Culture 5. Linguistic Culture
生态学 物质文化 社会文化 宗教文化 语言文化
II. Different features about English and Chinese
Social Culture
“开门红” 、“眼红” to see red to wave a red flag He is a real blue blood. be beaten black and blue blue films Harry is too yellow to arrest the escaped prisoner.
Abstract vs. Concrete
Our very anxiety is born of our knowledge of what is now possible for each other and all. 我们之所以焦虑不安是因为我们知道对每一个人， 对所有人可能发生什么事。 disintegration 土崩瓦解 perfect harmony 水乳交融 make a little contribution 添砖加瓦 lack of perseverance 三天打鱼，两天晒网
eg
Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it forms a part, thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputer. 现在集成电路成了计算机的组成部分，使计 算机的体积大大缩小，从而产生了新一代的 便携式微型计算机。 This book is quite beyond me. If you have a car, you are independent of trains and buses. He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, and despised it in others.
Material Culture
breakfast “…‘巧媳妇难为无米之炊’,叫我怎么办呢？ 杨译：“…Even the cleverest housewife can’t cook a meal without rice. What do you expect me to do?…” 霍译：“… I don’t see what I am supposed to do without any capital. Even the cleverest housewife can’t make bread without flour…”
For Chinese, wolf is a fierce, wild animal. It stands for cruelty, brutality and ferocious quality. For western people, the sentence stands for the man who charms women so as to use them for his own pleasure, a lady killer. Wolf-whistle: (n.) / (v.)
Synthetic vs. Analytic
Synthetic—(Form,language) in which grammatical distinctions are realized by inflections. Analytic—(Form,language) in which separate words realize grammatical distinctions that in other languages may be realized by inflections.
Synthetic vs. Analytic Compact vs. Diffusive Hypotactic vs. Paratactic Complex vs. Simplex Impersonal vs.Personal Passive vs. Active Static vs. Dynamic Abstract vs. Concrete Indirect vs. Direct Substitutive vs. Repetitive 综合与分析 聚集与流散 形合与意合 复杂与简单 物称与人称 被动与主动 静态与动态 抽象与具体 间接与直接 替换与重复
I feel so depressed we find ourselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit; reaching with magnificent precision for the moon, but falling into raucous discord dooms day on earth. 我们物质丰富，但精神贫乏；我们以卓越的 精确度登上了月球，但却陷入了地球末日般 的一片混乱，对此我失望 至极。
Religious Culture
“谋事在人，成事在天” Man proposes, Heaven disposes. Man proposes, God disposes. “世人都晓神仙好”。 All men long to be immortals. All men know that salvation should be won. Milky Way
她们妯娌吵嘴，不巧被我撞见 I chanced to be present when the sister-in-law were having a quarrel. 对人太苛求，没有什么道理，自己也容易失望。 You have little cause to make excessive demands from others and make yourself disappointed in return. It is not the wine that intoxicates but the drinker who gets himself drunk. 酒不醉人人自醉 Downy lips make thoughtless slips. 嘴上没毛，说话/办事不牢。(end)
Static vs. Dynamic
Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical results of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other man. 科学的探索、知识的追求，使人类获得了避免天灾 人祸的实力。 医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病 人很快就康复了。 The doctor arrived extremely quickly and examined the patient uncommonly carefully; the result was that he recovered very speedily. The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.
Language and Culture
Chapter Two
I. Cultural Differences and Reader’s Response in terms of Functional Equivalence.
Language exists in culture. In different cultures, even though the image is the same, the cultural connotations are different. Eugene Nida’s classification
Parataxis-- Hypotaxis
意合：(Parataxis)指的是词语或分句之间不 用语言形式手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻 辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。 形合: (Hypotaxis)指的是句中的词语或分句之 间用语言形式手段（如关联词）表达语法意 义和逻辑关系。
He is a wolf.
Hera and the Milky Way
example
“The myth involves Hera, queen of the deities on Mount Olympus. She is the wife of Zeus, boss of the Greek pantheon. One of Zeus’s many offspring is Hercules, who like Jesus had a mortal mother. To nourish Hercules at the fountain of immortality, Zeus brings him to Mount Olympus to suckle at the breast of his wife. Unaware that her own husband is the child’s father, knowing only that the infant has been abandoned, Hera nurses him. Unfortunately, Hercules sucks at her breast so energetically that droplets of milk spill. In fact, already endowed with godlike strength, the infant sucks so hard that he causes Hera pain. When she pulls him from her breast, milk spurts across the heavens. Its droplets form stars. This is the origin of what came to be called the Milky Way.”
Ecology
all at sea burn one’s boats sail before the wind keep one’s head above water spend money like water “…真是 ‘天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福’…” 杨译：“…Truly, ‘storm gather without warning in nature, and bad luck befalls men overnight’…” 霍译：“… I know ‘the weather and human life are both unpredictable’…” dog / wolf / dragon
源自文库
Impersonal vs.Personal
His bonhomie often brought him many friend. 他为人和善，因而朋友很多。 Alarm began to take entire possession of him. 他开始变得惊恐万状。 The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. 我走在厚厚的地毯上，听不见一点脚步声。 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. 北京目睹过许多伟大的历史事件。 Beijing has witnessed many great historical events.
名词的数：
将两种文化视为一体 将两种文化各自视为一体 two cultures taken as a whole two cultures taken as wholes
动词的时态 ： 他们过去是相爱的，但现在已没有什么感情可言了。 They loved each other and there is no love lost between them. 动词的语态： 每场比赛他们都败在客队的手下。 In every game, they were bested by the visitors.
Hypotactic vs. Paratactic
1. Chinese—parataxis (cohesion) chain connection, more verbs descriptive language 2. English—hypotaxis tree trunk connection logical language