90362-仪器分析-电分析化学导论
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电分析化学导论
13-5写出下列电池的半电池反应,计算其电动势,并标明电极的的正负。 (1)Zn|ZnSO4(0.100mol/L)||AgNO3(0.010mol/L|Ag
++Θ+Ag ,Ag Ag ,Ag
E =E +0.059lg[Ag ]=0.80+0.059lg0.010=0.682V
2+2++2+Θ2+Zn ,Zn Zn ,Zn
Ag ,Ag Zn ,Zn 0.059
E =E +lg[Zn ]=-0.762+(-0.0295)=-0.796V 2
ε=E -E =1.478V (2)
+
-13+-1-1
-1
2442+-12+-1
VO (0.010molgL )
Fe (0.020molgL )
Pt|HCLO (0.100molgL )||HCLO (0.100molgL ),|Pt Fe (0.002molgL )VO (0.010molgL ),
已知:+2+3+2+2
ΘΘ
VO ,VO Fe ,Fe E =1.00V,E =0.77V
解:+
++
2
22+
3+
+)VO +2H +e=VO +H O
-)Fe -e=Fe
+++2
2
++2
Θ
2+VO ,VO VO 2
[VO ][H ]∴E =E +0.059lg
[VO ]
0.0010.1=1.00+0.059lg
0.01
=0.823V
⨯
3+2+3+2+3+Θ
2+Fe ,Fe Fe ,Fe [Fe ]E =E +0.059lg [Fe ]
0.02
=0.77+0.059lg 0.002=0.829V 322
,,0.8290.8230.006Fe
Fe VO VO εE E V +
+
++
=-==-=
(3)
-1-122
Pt,H (20265Pa)|HCl(0.100molgL ||HCl(0.100molgL )|Cl(50663Pa),Pt +-2
2
Θ
ΘH ,H Cl ,Cl
E =0V
E =1.359V 解:+2(-)H +2e →2H
+22
+2
Θ
H ,H H
0.059[H ]E =lg
2p 1atm=9.8065×104pa 故+22Θ
4H ,H 0.0590.1E =lg =-0.0388V 220265/9.806510
=⨯ -2(+)2Cl -2e →Cl
2--224Cl Θ-22
Cl ,Cl Cl ,Cl 50663
p 0.0590.0599.806?0E =E +
lg =1.359+lg =1.410V 22[Cl ](0.1) 1.410(0.0388) 1.449εV
=--=
(4).-1-1
42432
Pb|PbSO (S),K SO (0.200molgL )||Pb(NO )(0.100molgL )|Pb 2+Θ-8
sp 4Pb ,Pb
E =-0.126V,K (PbSO )=2.0?0 解:2-4
4(-)Pb+SO -2e →PbSO (s) 2+2+4
Θ2+Θsp PbSO
,Pb Pb ,Pb
Pb ,Pb
4-8
k 0.0590.059
E =E +lg[Pb ]=E +lg 22[SO ]
0.059 2.0?0=-0.126+lg =-0.441V 20.200
2+2+2+Θ2+
Pb ,Pb Pb ,Pb (+)Pb +2e →Pb(s)0.0590.059E =E +lg[Pb ]=-0.126+lg0.1000=-0.156V 22
2+2-2+sp 42-sp 4-8
k [Pb ]{SO ]0.0590.0590.059ε=lg[Pb ]-lg =lg 222k [SO ]
0.0590.20.1
=
lg =0.177V 2 2.010
⨯⨯
(5)2--1-12
Zn|ZnO (0.010molgL ),NaOH(0.500molgL )|HgO(S)|Hg 2-2
ΘΘ
HgO,Hg ZnO ,Zn
E =-1.216V,E =+0.0984V 2-2-22-2-222-Θ
2-44ZnO ,Zn ZnO ,Zn -)Zn+4OH -2e →ZnO +2H O
[ZnO ]0.0590.0590.01E =E +lg =-1.216+lg 22[OH ]0.5=-1.240V
+)-2HgO+H O+2e →Hg+2OH
ΘHgO,Hg HgO,Hg
22
0.05910.0591
E =E +lg =0.0984+lg =0.116V
22[OH]0.5 ε=E(+)-E(-)=0.116-(-1.240)=1.356V
13-6已知下列半电池反应及其标准电极电位为:
-+Θ3221
IO +6H +5e →
I +3H O E =+1.195V 2
--Θ221
ICl +e=
I +2Cl E =+1.06V 2
解: -+
000
32211
1
IO +6H +5e →
I +3H O (1)ΔG =-nφF=-5φF 2
⇒
--00
22221
ICl +e=
I +2Cl (2)ΔG =-φF 2
⇒
-+--322IO +6H +2Cl +4e=ICl +3H O
(3)
由 (1)-(2)=(3) 得 0000
3312ΔG =-4φF=-5φF-(-φF) ⨯0
00
12
3
5φ-φ5 1.145-1.06φ===1.23V
44