90362-仪器分析-电分析化学导论

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电分析化学导论

13-5写出下列电池的半电池反应,计算其电动势,并标明电极的的正负。 (1)Zn|ZnSO4(0.100mol/L)||AgNO3(0.010mol/L|Ag

++Θ+Ag ,Ag Ag ,Ag

E =E +0.059lg[Ag ]=0.80+0.059lg0.010=0.682V

2+2++2+Θ2+Zn ,Zn Zn ,Zn

Ag ,Ag Zn ,Zn 0.059

E =E +lg[Zn ]=-0.762+(-0.0295)=-0.796V 2

ε=E -E =1.478V (2)

+

-13+-1-1

-1

2442+-12+-1

VO (0.010molgL )

Fe (0.020molgL )

Pt|HCLO (0.100molgL )||HCLO (0.100molgL ),|Pt Fe (0.002molgL )VO (0.010molgL ),

已知:+2+3+2+2

ΘΘ

VO ,VO Fe ,Fe E =1.00V,E =0.77V

解:+

++

2

22+

3+

+)VO +2H +e=VO +H O

-)Fe -e=Fe

+++2

2

++2

Θ

2+VO ,VO VO 2

[VO ][H ]∴E =E +0.059lg

[VO ]

0.0010.1=1.00+0.059lg

0.01

=0.823V

3+2+3+2+3+Θ

2+Fe ,Fe Fe ,Fe [Fe ]E =E +0.059lg [Fe ]

0.02

=0.77+0.059lg 0.002=0.829V 322

,,0.8290.8230.006Fe

Fe VO VO εE E V +

+

++

=-==-=

(3)

-1-122

Pt,H (20265Pa)|HCl(0.100molgL ||HCl(0.100molgL )|Cl(50663Pa),Pt +-2

2

Θ

ΘH ,H Cl ,Cl

E =0V

E =1.359V 解:+2(-)H +2e →2H

+22

+2

Θ

H ,H H

0.059[H ]E =lg

2p 1atm=9.8065×104pa 故+22Θ

4H ,H 0.0590.1E =lg =-0.0388V 220265/9.806510

=⨯ -2(+)2Cl -2e →Cl

2--224Cl Θ-22

Cl ,Cl Cl ,Cl 50663

p 0.0590.0599.806?0E =E +

lg =1.359+lg =1.410V 22[Cl ](0.1) 1.410(0.0388) 1.449εV

=--=

(4).-1-1

42432

Pb|PbSO (S),K SO (0.200molgL )||Pb(NO )(0.100molgL )|Pb 2+Θ-8

sp 4Pb ,Pb

E =-0.126V,K (PbSO )=2.0?0 解:2-4

4(-)Pb+SO -2e →PbSO (s) 2+2+4

Θ2+Θsp PbSO

,Pb Pb ,Pb

Pb ,Pb

4-8

k 0.0590.059

E =E +lg[Pb ]=E +lg 22[SO ]

0.059 2.0?0=-0.126+lg =-0.441V 20.200

2+2+2+Θ2+

Pb ,Pb Pb ,Pb (+)Pb +2e →Pb(s)0.0590.059E =E +lg[Pb ]=-0.126+lg0.1000=-0.156V 22

2+2-2+sp 42-sp 4-8

k [Pb ]{SO ]0.0590.0590.059ε=lg[Pb ]-lg =lg 222k [SO ]

0.0590.20.1

=

lg =0.177V 2 2.010

⨯⨯

(5)2--1-12

Zn|ZnO (0.010molgL ),NaOH(0.500molgL )|HgO(S)|Hg 2-2

ΘΘ

HgO,Hg ZnO ,Zn

E =-1.216V,E =+0.0984V 2-2-22-2-222-Θ

2-44ZnO ,Zn ZnO ,Zn -)Zn+4OH -2e →ZnO +2H O

[ZnO ]0.0590.0590.01E =E +lg =-1.216+lg 22[OH ]0.5=-1.240V

+)-2HgO+H O+2e →Hg+2OH

ΘHgO,Hg HgO,Hg

22

0.05910.0591

E =E +lg =0.0984+lg =0.116V

22[OH]0.5 ε=E(+)-E(-)=0.116-(-1.240)=1.356V

13-6已知下列半电池反应及其标准电极电位为:

-+Θ3221

IO +6H +5e →

I +3H O E =+1.195V 2

--Θ221

ICl +e=

I +2Cl E =+1.06V 2

解: -+

000

32211

1

IO +6H +5e →

I +3H O (1)ΔG =-nφF=-5φF 2

--00

22221

ICl +e=

I +2Cl (2)ΔG =-φF 2

-+--322IO +6H +2Cl +4e=ICl +3H O

(3)

由 (1)-(2)=(3) 得 0000

3312ΔG =-4φF=-5φF-(-φF) ⨯0

00

12

3

5φ-φ5 1.145-1.06φ===1.23V

44

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