妇女在维多利亚时期的地位
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Queen Victoria, after whom the era is named.
Women in the Victorian era
• The status of women in the Victorian era is often seen as an illustration of the striking discrepancy between the national power and wealth and what many, then and now, consider its appalling social conditions. During the era symbolized by the reign of British monarch Queen Victoria, women did not have suffrage rights, the right to sue, or the right to own property. Discrimination was rampant surrounding the idealistic impression that aristocratic women should be "pure" and "clean." This paradoxical form of repression used positive words to restrict upper-class Victorean-era women from becoming "dirty" with the jobs that would have provided them with economical freedom and the lifestyles that would have provided them with social freedom. It was sometimes even claimed that "decent" women were untroubled by sexual pleasure. In stark contrast to Queen Victoria, the powerful female monarch of the time, the duties of the average upper-class woman were to maintain children and the house. Upper-class professional women faced great discrimination in employment beyond the role of children's teacher.
Fallen Women
The prostitute embodied the changing city affected by commerce and industrialization, and her socially unacceptable practices conjured up images of pollution and disease in the Victorian mind. The term 'fallen' referred to their fall from respectability.
Limited rights of married women
• The law regarded a married couple as one person. The husband was bound by law to protect her. The law expected her to defer to his judgement. Women lost the rights to the property they brought into the marriage, even following divorce. A husband had complete legal control over any income earned by his wife. Women were not allowed to open banking accounts. Married women were not able to conclude a contract without her husband's legal approval. It was impossible to charge the wife with concealing her husband or for stealing from her husband as they were one person in law.
Women in the Victorian era
• The role of women was to have children, please their husbands, and tend to the house. • Victorian femininity: purity, piety, submission and domesticity
William Holman Hunt The Lady of Shallot
In Hunt's drawing, the reflection of Lancelot and the Lady in the cracked mirror overshadows the Lady and the unraveling web. Attempting to free herself from the web, the Lady raises an outstretched hand in a gesture that wards off some unseen threat -- the curse, love, or Lancelot himself. The viewer cannot see Lancelot, who occupies a space outside the picture, literally positioned in the viewer's space.
•
•
为了帮助保护您的隐私，PowerPoint 禁止自动下载此外部图片。若要下载并显示此图片，请单击消息栏中的 “选项”，然后单击 “启用外部内容 ”。
restriction regarding wonmen’s right
• Limited rights of married women • Opportunities for women limited to the household • Limited socially acceptable pastimes for women • Double standard in sexual activities • Lack of gender equality in educatio
Lack of gender equality in education
• Women were not freely offered the opportunity to study subjects of an extended, classical, and commercial nature. This made it difficult for a woman to break free from the societal constraints to achieve independent economical status. Education was specialized by gender. Women were provided with the opportunity to study refined subjects such as history, geography and general literature which would provide them with interesting but noncontroversial topics for discussion. Despite the restrictions and stigmatization, some women did excel in "male" subjects such as law, physics, engineering, science and art. These women pioneered the path for the much improved gender equality in modern education in the UK. Women were rarely given the opportunity to attend university. It was even said that studying was against their nature and could make them ill. They were to stay more or less an "ornament of society."
Social taboos surrounding the female body
• The body of the woman was seen as pure and clean except when she was experiencing menstruation. Women often did not wear any kind of cosmetics or any other adornments. It was taboo to even mention the words "leg" or "breast." Women covered their legs to a much greater extreme than they do today. Even the bare skin of an ankle was considered risque. In contrast, cleavage was not sexualized to the extent that it is today. Cleavage lines that would be normal by some of today's standards would have been controversial for even the most "decent" middle-class woman in Victorian England.
Women in the Victorian era
• Viewed as the dependents of their husbands or fathers, women, for the most part, could not serve on juries; could not hold elective office; and, could not vote
Past and Present (I) [The Infidelity discovered]
The first, The Infidelity Discovered, shows the fallen woman's body thrown at the feet of her husband, who has just discovered her deed. Her prostrate body points to the door, indicating her outcast status and foLeabharlann Baiduced removal from the family. Elements of the comfortable and happy life that the woman has supposedly ruined are represented by the lavish living room and the children at play in the corner.
Women in the Victorian era
• The status of women in the Victorian era is often seen as an illustration of the striking discrepancy between the national power and wealth and what many, then and now, consider its appalling social conditions. During the era symbolized by the reign of British monarch Queen Victoria, women did not have suffrage rights, the right to sue, or the right to own property. Discrimination was rampant surrounding the idealistic impression that aristocratic women should be "pure" and "clean." This paradoxical form of repression used positive words to restrict upper-class Victorean-era women from becoming "dirty" with the jobs that would have provided them with economical freedom and the lifestyles that would have provided them with social freedom. It was sometimes even claimed that "decent" women were untroubled by sexual pleasure. In stark contrast to Queen Victoria, the powerful female monarch of the time, the duties of the average upper-class woman were to maintain children and the house. Upper-class professional women faced great discrimination in employment beyond the role of children's teacher.
Fallen Women
The prostitute embodied the changing city affected by commerce and industrialization, and her socially unacceptable practices conjured up images of pollution and disease in the Victorian mind. The term 'fallen' referred to their fall from respectability.
Limited rights of married women
• The law regarded a married couple as one person. The husband was bound by law to protect her. The law expected her to defer to his judgement. Women lost the rights to the property they brought into the marriage, even following divorce. A husband had complete legal control over any income earned by his wife. Women were not allowed to open banking accounts. Married women were not able to conclude a contract without her husband's legal approval. It was impossible to charge the wife with concealing her husband or for stealing from her husband as they were one person in law.
Women in the Victorian era
• The role of women was to have children, please their husbands, and tend to the house. • Victorian femininity: purity, piety, submission and domesticity
William Holman Hunt The Lady of Shallot
In Hunt's drawing, the reflection of Lancelot and the Lady in the cracked mirror overshadows the Lady and the unraveling web. Attempting to free herself from the web, the Lady raises an outstretched hand in a gesture that wards off some unseen threat -- the curse, love, or Lancelot himself. The viewer cannot see Lancelot, who occupies a space outside the picture, literally positioned in the viewer's space.
•
•
为了帮助保护您的隐私，PowerPoint 禁止自动下载此外部图片。若要下载并显示此图片，请单击消息栏中的 “选项”，然后单击 “启用外部内容 ”。
restriction regarding wonmen’s right
• Limited rights of married women • Opportunities for women limited to the household • Limited socially acceptable pastimes for women • Double standard in sexual activities • Lack of gender equality in educatio
Lack of gender equality in education
• Women were not freely offered the opportunity to study subjects of an extended, classical, and commercial nature. This made it difficult for a woman to break free from the societal constraints to achieve independent economical status. Education was specialized by gender. Women were provided with the opportunity to study refined subjects such as history, geography and general literature which would provide them with interesting but noncontroversial topics for discussion. Despite the restrictions and stigmatization, some women did excel in "male" subjects such as law, physics, engineering, science and art. These women pioneered the path for the much improved gender equality in modern education in the UK. Women were rarely given the opportunity to attend university. It was even said that studying was against their nature and could make them ill. They were to stay more or less an "ornament of society."
Social taboos surrounding the female body
• The body of the woman was seen as pure and clean except when she was experiencing menstruation. Women often did not wear any kind of cosmetics or any other adornments. It was taboo to even mention the words "leg" or "breast." Women covered their legs to a much greater extreme than they do today. Even the bare skin of an ankle was considered risque. In contrast, cleavage was not sexualized to the extent that it is today. Cleavage lines that would be normal by some of today's standards would have been controversial for even the most "decent" middle-class woman in Victorian England.
Women in the Victorian era
• Viewed as the dependents of their husbands or fathers, women, for the most part, could not serve on juries; could not hold elective office; and, could not vote
Past and Present (I) [The Infidelity discovered]
The first, The Infidelity Discovered, shows the fallen woman's body thrown at the feet of her husband, who has just discovered her deed. Her prostrate body points to the door, indicating her outcast status and foLeabharlann Baiduced removal from the family. Elements of the comfortable and happy life that the woman has supposedly ruined are represented by the lavish living room and the children at play in the corner.