[教育]哲学、心理学、与教育社会学概论英文
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• Translation of the Bible into German from the Latin broke Rome’s stranglehold on the “Word”
The Renaissance
The Age of Modern Philosophy
Empiricism
• Descartes: “I think therefore I am”
- Daniel Kolack “From the Pre-Socratic to the Present”
Medieval Philosophy
• By 3rd century C.E., Roman Empire is unwinding
• Because they were no longer persecuted the Christians were now winning more converts
• They would have been wise to heed his warnings
The Rise of Christianity
In the third century the philosophical traditions from Thales to Aurelius ground to a screeching halt. To the enlightened citizens at the height of the Roman Empire, with the Hellenic philosophical genius behind them and the emerging political, social and cultural advances before them, it must have seemed as if some great, cosmic awakening was about to happen, as if the next level of enlightenment within human consciousness was just around the corner. What they got instead was the Dark Ages: the burning of books, the closing of the philosophy schools, the collapse of the Roman Empire.
“handing down of knowledge” with “truth”
Immanuel Kant
• Not “how does an object affect the mind” but “how does the mind affect an object?”
• Transcendentalism: Space and time are not part of the noumenal world, but constructs of the mind
Century
• Theories of Human Behavior and Development: Biological, Religious, Psychological,
Behavioral, Socio-cultural
• Historical Eras: Ancient, Dark Ages, Enlightenment,
Age of Reason, Modernism, Industrial, Information
• Sociological Theories of Society and Cultures: Structuralism, Conflict Theory, Marxism,
Critical Theory, Post-Modernism
Philosophy
From the earliest beginnings of recorded history it has involved discussions and debates not just about truth, but what are our methods of inquiry into truth. So one of the differences between philosophy and straightforward scientific inquiry is that in philosophy the issue isn’t merely about what the truth is, but how we can know what the truth is. A physicist and biologist know things, but the philosopher asks, How do they know?
It is for that reason that philosophy is oቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱten described as a ‘second-order’ activity: thinking about thinking, knowing about knowing.
Thales (624-546 B.C.E)
boundless • Everything is made of fire • Everything is made of numbers • Everything is made of atoms • Everything is made of quarks
The ancient Greeks as a starting point for western civilizations philosophical traditions
• Aristotle collapsed the physical world of matter (the realm of appearances) and the world of ideas to explain change.
• He saw the soul as not independent of the physical body
“Everything is made of water”
There is an underlying reality beyond appearances that is radically different from things as they appear to us through our senses
Plato (428-348 B.C.E)
Plato and the Allegory of the Cave
• Plato viewed the world of appearances as an illusion
• True knowledge (ideas) could not be sought through the senses
25 Centuries Since Philosophy and Science Have altered only 1 word
• Everything is made of water • Everything is made of air • Everything is made of the indeterminate
• Kant: The Transcendental Idealist
• Hegel: The Absolute Idealist
Rene Descartes
• Cogito Ergo Sum • Cartesian geometry • Methodological
Skepticism • Differentiated the
How Ancient People Envisioned the Universe
Martin Luther & The Reformation
• Martin Luther dealt the symbolic blow that began the Reformation when he nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church. That document contained an attack on papal abuses and the sale of indulgences by church officials.
• He invented the syllogism (deductive logic) as well as inductive logic
THE DARK AGES
Decent into The Darkness
• Marcus Aurelius (121-180) 14th Emperor of Rome. He regarded Christians as the most subversive and dangerous element within the Roman Empire and warned that if Christians were allowed to corrupt the intellect and souls of the citizens of Rome, the Empire would fall
Hegel
• Much as Aristotle collapsed the physical world of matter (the realm of appearances) and the world of ideas to explain change. Hegel paved the way for not transcending beyond the phenomenal world or inwardly to the mental faculties (empirical and the rational) but to break through logical categories themselves.
• Catholic philosophy developed from the view of Plato, the Stoics and Neo-Platonists dominated Western thought for a 1000 years
• Augustine, Averroes, Maimonides, Aquinas • Ockham, Bacon, Martin Luther, Copernicus
Socrates
Plato
Los Tres Amigos
Aristotle
Socrates (470 to 399 B.C.E)
• “The unexamined life is not worth living” • This statement sets the stage for a
revolutionary progression of Western thinking. That the individual is responsible to answer questions such as What meaning do I want to give my life? How should I live? What really matters? What is truth and how can I know it. • Intrinsic Value
• Wisdom requires us to see beyond sense experience and to learn about the underlying first principles and causes of things.
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.)
Introduction To Philosophy, Psychology and Sociology
of Education
Created by Jeff Strauss MA Educational Foundations
Branches of Study
• Philosophical Theories of Human Existence: Pre-Socratic, Medieval, Modern, 19th and 20th
The Renaissance
The Age of Modern Philosophy
Empiricism
• Descartes: “I think therefore I am”
- Daniel Kolack “From the Pre-Socratic to the Present”
Medieval Philosophy
• By 3rd century C.E., Roman Empire is unwinding
• Because they were no longer persecuted the Christians were now winning more converts
• They would have been wise to heed his warnings
The Rise of Christianity
In the third century the philosophical traditions from Thales to Aurelius ground to a screeching halt. To the enlightened citizens at the height of the Roman Empire, with the Hellenic philosophical genius behind them and the emerging political, social and cultural advances before them, it must have seemed as if some great, cosmic awakening was about to happen, as if the next level of enlightenment within human consciousness was just around the corner. What they got instead was the Dark Ages: the burning of books, the closing of the philosophy schools, the collapse of the Roman Empire.
“handing down of knowledge” with “truth”
Immanuel Kant
• Not “how does an object affect the mind” but “how does the mind affect an object?”
• Transcendentalism: Space and time are not part of the noumenal world, but constructs of the mind
Century
• Theories of Human Behavior and Development: Biological, Religious, Psychological,
Behavioral, Socio-cultural
• Historical Eras: Ancient, Dark Ages, Enlightenment,
Age of Reason, Modernism, Industrial, Information
• Sociological Theories of Society and Cultures: Structuralism, Conflict Theory, Marxism,
Critical Theory, Post-Modernism
Philosophy
From the earliest beginnings of recorded history it has involved discussions and debates not just about truth, but what are our methods of inquiry into truth. So one of the differences between philosophy and straightforward scientific inquiry is that in philosophy the issue isn’t merely about what the truth is, but how we can know what the truth is. A physicist and biologist know things, but the philosopher asks, How do they know?
It is for that reason that philosophy is oቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱten described as a ‘second-order’ activity: thinking about thinking, knowing about knowing.
Thales (624-546 B.C.E)
boundless • Everything is made of fire • Everything is made of numbers • Everything is made of atoms • Everything is made of quarks
The ancient Greeks as a starting point for western civilizations philosophical traditions
• Aristotle collapsed the physical world of matter (the realm of appearances) and the world of ideas to explain change.
• He saw the soul as not independent of the physical body
“Everything is made of water”
There is an underlying reality beyond appearances that is radically different from things as they appear to us through our senses
Plato (428-348 B.C.E)
Plato and the Allegory of the Cave
• Plato viewed the world of appearances as an illusion
• True knowledge (ideas) could not be sought through the senses
25 Centuries Since Philosophy and Science Have altered only 1 word
• Everything is made of water • Everything is made of air • Everything is made of the indeterminate
• Kant: The Transcendental Idealist
• Hegel: The Absolute Idealist
Rene Descartes
• Cogito Ergo Sum • Cartesian geometry • Methodological
Skepticism • Differentiated the
How Ancient People Envisioned the Universe
Martin Luther & The Reformation
• Martin Luther dealt the symbolic blow that began the Reformation when he nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church. That document contained an attack on papal abuses and the sale of indulgences by church officials.
• He invented the syllogism (deductive logic) as well as inductive logic
THE DARK AGES
Decent into The Darkness
• Marcus Aurelius (121-180) 14th Emperor of Rome. He regarded Christians as the most subversive and dangerous element within the Roman Empire and warned that if Christians were allowed to corrupt the intellect and souls of the citizens of Rome, the Empire would fall
Hegel
• Much as Aristotle collapsed the physical world of matter (the realm of appearances) and the world of ideas to explain change. Hegel paved the way for not transcending beyond the phenomenal world or inwardly to the mental faculties (empirical and the rational) but to break through logical categories themselves.
• Catholic philosophy developed from the view of Plato, the Stoics and Neo-Platonists dominated Western thought for a 1000 years
• Augustine, Averroes, Maimonides, Aquinas • Ockham, Bacon, Martin Luther, Copernicus
Socrates
Plato
Los Tres Amigos
Aristotle
Socrates (470 to 399 B.C.E)
• “The unexamined life is not worth living” • This statement sets the stage for a
revolutionary progression of Western thinking. That the individual is responsible to answer questions such as What meaning do I want to give my life? How should I live? What really matters? What is truth and how can I know it. • Intrinsic Value
• Wisdom requires us to see beyond sense experience and to learn about the underlying first principles and causes of things.
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.E.)
Introduction To Philosophy, Psychology and Sociology
of Education
Created by Jeff Strauss MA Educational Foundations
Branches of Study
• Philosophical Theories of Human Existence: Pre-Socratic, Medieval, Modern, 19th and 20th