英语语言学概论

华 中 师 范 大 学

本 科 生 课 程 论 文

论文题目A linguistic Analysis on English derived phenomenon

完成时间 2012.12.26

课程名称 现代语言学概论

专 业 辅修第二学位英语专业

年 级 2010英语第二学位辅修本科生

注：本科生须在规定期限内完成课程论文，并用

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姓 名 郭培斌 学 号 2010210596

A Linguistic Analysis on English derived phenomenon

There are a lot of inflectional words and derived words in the English vocabulary , but the two types of words' concept often be confused even the English dictionary or the English-Chinese can not tell the differences between them clearly . In response to this situation and understand the concept of complicated words and derivatives , this article comes up that word inflections is just to express grammatical relationships of words in a sentence , and the process of word derived will result in the generation of new words , so it should be divided into different entries and the article also pointed out that the development of inflected words and derived words sometimes show the cross-situational phenomenon .

Key words:derived tortuous affixes change instance

I. Introduction

Derived word is the affixes that adds a new word on the stem , such methods of constituting a new word is be called derived method and derivational affixes are divided into two categories , prefix and suffix by the positon of the word . Prefix appears in the front of the word and the main function of it is to change the stemming is semantic , generally prefix does not change the word part of speech ; suffix adds at the stem of the behind and its action is majority to change speech suffix and it can also change the function of the semantics .

Inflected performance is the phenomenon of the grammatical relationships through the inflectional affixes such as number , person , qualitatively and the body. Inflectional affixes will not change the grammar class which attached to the words . II. Analysis on derived words

2.1 derivation

As we all know , derivation is the formation of English word . Using a prefix or suffix , this method manufactures derivative words which are mainly have three kinds of nouns , adjectives and verbs .

The main prefix is negative prefixes like un- , in- , im- , il- , ir- , non- , dis- , mis- and so on , negative prefixes make derived words which extending out to be antonyms .

2.1.1 noun derivatives

Balance_imbalance ; pleasure_displeasure ; management_mismanagement ; efficiency_inefficiency ; concern_unconcern ; literacy_illiteracy ; resolution_irresolution ; interference_noninterference ; nutrition_malnutrition .

2.1.2 adjective derived words

Accurate_inaccurate ; patient _impatient ; regular_irregular ; legal_illegal ; native_non-native ; orderly_disorderly ; common_ uncommon .

2.1.3 verb derivatives

Agree_disagree ; judge_misjudge ;treat_maltreat ; activate_inactivate ; use_ill-use ; mobilize_immobilize ; manage_mismanage ; quote_unquote .

In addition to the negative prefixes , other commonly used prefixes have anti- , auto- , bi- , co- , counter- , de- , ex- , inter- ,mono- , post , pre- , pro- , re- , sub- , super- , trans- , tri- , ultra- and so on . For example , anti-government ; auto-intoxication ; bilateral ; coexistence ; counter-argument ; de-emphasize ; ex-president ; international ; monolingual ; post-war ; precaution ; pro-China ; re-state ; subhuman ; superimpose ; trans-Atlantic ; triangle ; ultra-smart .

Front examples , although means changes after plusing the word after the prefix , the part of speech remains unchanged . Opposite of it , plusing the suffix word does not only the meaning have some change but also the part of the speech completely different . So that , verb or adjective adds the appropriate suffix can be a noun derived word such as :

amaze_amazement ; kind _kindness .

In the same , noun or verb adds the appropriate suffix can be the adjective derived word such as :

commerce_commercial ; depend _dependent .

Finally , noun or adjective adds the verb derived word can be the verb suffix and get adverbial suffix (only -ly) can be the adverbs derived word such as : fright_frighten ; modern_modernize ; beauty_beautify ; year_yearly ; quick_quickly .

2.2 four principles of English derived

2.2.1 the vowel derived : a , e , i , o , u can mutually turn

In modern English , there is a number of not much words which changed the root vowel , this part of the words have been generated from the early English development in ancient times . It generally has two kinds : 1 same root word verb vowel exchange , like blood (n.)_to bleed full (a.)_to fill 2 verbs and verb vowel exchange , such as to lie (v.)_to lay (v.) to sit_to set .

2.2.1.1 single vowel swaps