大学英语写作课件4-Composing--essays
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A. Sub-idea B. Sub-idea
1. Supporting detail 2. Supporting detail
a. Fact 1 b. Fact 2 III. Main Idea A. Sub-idea 1. Supporting detail 2. Supporting detail B. Sub-idea C. Sub-idea IV. Conclusion
Planning a composition Writing the first draft (初稿) Revising the first draft Making thLeabharlann Baidu final copy (定稿)
Planning a Composition
1. Putting down all the relevant facts;
With our purpose in mind, we should look at the list again and cut out irrelevant, unnecessary, or unimportant details.
Types of Outline
➢ Sentence outline（句子提纲）: made up of sentences; the controlling idea or thesis is subdivided into smaller parts; Roman & Arabic numerals or letters of the alphabet are used to number & order ideas.
Criteria of a Good Composition
• It should have sth. interesting and/or important & if possible sth. new to say;
• This “sth.” is expressed clearly, accurately and appropriately.
➢ Topic outline（主题提纲）: consisting of nouns & their modifiers or their equivalents (gerund/infinitive phrases).
Thesis (controlling idea) I. Introduction II. Main Idea
• Always write the thesis in one complete sentence.
Three Main Parts of a Composition
The Beginning The Middle/Body The End
The Beginning
rouses the readers’ interest & draws their attention to the subject matter of the paper and/or provides necessary background information
Rules for Writing Outlines
• Avoid single subdivisions;
• Avoid mixing sentences & phrases in an outline;
• Make sure subheads of the same rank (e.g.: A, B & C) are of equal importance, are related to the headings I, II & III, and are arranged in logical order;
away from the city where you live and think you know nobody there, you are surprised to find that you run into one of your old classmates on the street. Perhaps both of you would cry out, “What a small world!” ➢ (主题)Why is the world getting smaller and
Before writing, we must:
decide on the purpose & audience of our writing;
try to adapt the style and language to suit our purpose & audience.
Steps in Writing a Composition
The writer should think of an many relevant facts as she could at the very beginning . List all the related facts and ideas.
2. Thinking of a proper theme & deciding on the purpose;
Beginning with Relevant Episode
➢ The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller (CET-4, 1993.12)
➢(趣事引导)Most of us may have such experiences: When you go to some place far
Ways of Beginning an Article
1. Relevant background material; 2. Relevant Episode(趣闻轶事法); 3. The time and place of the event to be
described; 4. A quotation; 5. A question; 6. A statement; 7. Figures or statistics; 8. A definition; 9. An analogy(类比法).
Having listed all the facts, we should think of a theme, that is, a controlling idea, and decide on our purpose.
3. Re-examining the list of details & outlining
1. Supporting detail 2. Supporting detail
a. Fact 1 b. Fact 2 III. Main Idea A. Sub-idea 1. Supporting detail 2. Supporting detail B. Sub-idea C. Sub-idea IV. Conclusion
Planning a composition Writing the first draft (初稿) Revising the first draft Making thLeabharlann Baidu final copy (定稿)
Planning a Composition
1. Putting down all the relevant facts;
With our purpose in mind, we should look at the list again and cut out irrelevant, unnecessary, or unimportant details.
Types of Outline
➢ Sentence outline（句子提纲）: made up of sentences; the controlling idea or thesis is subdivided into smaller parts; Roman & Arabic numerals or letters of the alphabet are used to number & order ideas.
Criteria of a Good Composition
• It should have sth. interesting and/or important & if possible sth. new to say;
• This “sth.” is expressed clearly, accurately and appropriately.
➢ Topic outline（主题提纲）: consisting of nouns & their modifiers or their equivalents (gerund/infinitive phrases).
Thesis (controlling idea) I. Introduction II. Main Idea
• Always write the thesis in one complete sentence.
Three Main Parts of a Composition
The Beginning The Middle/Body The End
The Beginning
rouses the readers’ interest & draws their attention to the subject matter of the paper and/or provides necessary background information
Rules for Writing Outlines
• Avoid single subdivisions;
• Avoid mixing sentences & phrases in an outline;
• Make sure subheads of the same rank (e.g.: A, B & C) are of equal importance, are related to the headings I, II & III, and are arranged in logical order;
away from the city where you live and think you know nobody there, you are surprised to find that you run into one of your old classmates on the street. Perhaps both of you would cry out, “What a small world!” ➢ (主题)Why is the world getting smaller and
Before writing, we must:
decide on the purpose & audience of our writing;
try to adapt the style and language to suit our purpose & audience.
Steps in Writing a Composition
The writer should think of an many relevant facts as she could at the very beginning . List all the related facts and ideas.
2. Thinking of a proper theme & deciding on the purpose;
Beginning with Relevant Episode
➢ The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller (CET-4, 1993.12)
➢(趣事引导)Most of us may have such experiences: When you go to some place far
Ways of Beginning an Article
1. Relevant background material; 2. Relevant Episode(趣闻轶事法); 3. The time and place of the event to be
described; 4. A quotation; 5. A question; 6. A statement; 7. Figures or statistics; 8. A definition; 9. An analogy(类比法).
Having listed all the facts, we should think of a theme, that is, a controlling idea, and decide on our purpose.
3. Re-examining the list of details & outlining